Парусник Zawisza the Black
U-Zawisza Czarny e-Zatoka Pomorskaya ngemva kokuphothulwa kweMijaho ye-The Tall Ships` yangonyaka odlule.
Ukuze asiqonde ngokugcwele isenzakalo seZawisza Czarny yesimanje, umuntu kumelwe abuyele emuva, futhi abuyele emuva kahle, ku-1932. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho iNgqungquthela ye-Scout ka-1927 yanquma ukuthenga umkhumbi wokuqeqesha umkhumbi wasolwandle. Izimali zaqoqwa eminyakeni emithathu, kodwa yonke le nto yayizophela ngokungaphumeleli ukube bekungengenxa yokusekelwa okunikezwe iPolish Scout Union yikhomishini yokuqedwa kweNational Naval Committee, inhlangano ebisebenza ngempela kusukela ngeminyaka yama-40. Inani licishe libe ngama-zloty ayizinkulungwane ezingama-37 (uma uqhathanisa, i-Swedish 37,5, i-Bofors XNUMXmm anti-tank gun zibiza izinkulungwane eziyi-XNUMX)
Lezi zimali ezingenhla zazanele ukuthenga isikebhe esidala saseSweden esakhiwa ngo-1902 ezinkundleni zokuxhumana zika-I. E. Holm no-A. K. Gustafsson eRao, kumasipala waseHelsingborg, esinenjini yokucindezela okuphakathi nendawo (ebizwa nangokuthi injini yokushisa ekhanyayo). ) ngamandla angu-80 hp. Umkhumbi wawubizwa ngokuthi "Petrea" futhi ngezinye izikhathi waya ngisho Greenland. Lapho abasePoland beba nesithakazelo kuye, wayengasebenzi eHelsinki. Njengoba indawo yemikhumbi yaseGdansk ilinganisela izindleko zokulungisa nokulungisa umkhumbi ku-270 PLN, umsebenzi wenziwa ngendlela yezomnotho ekhoneni elingasendle lechweba laseGdynia, endaweni ethile engekude ne-Obluz yanamuhla. Ayeholwa isikhulu sasolwandle esingumhwebi uJan Kuczynski. EGdansk, ekugcineni, kwasetshenziswa idokodo kuphela.
Umsebenzi kakaputeni (njengoba “umkhuzi” wayebizwa kanjalo ngaleso sikhathi) waqhutshwa ngumuntu ongavamile kanye netilosi elinolwazi - ubrig. UMariusz Zaruski. Kusolwa ukuthi ngokusuka kwakhe umkhumbi owawuqanjwe ngokuthi iScout wagcina usuyiZawisza Czarny. Ujeke wesikebhe sikaseyili wawuhlotshiswe nge-braid ebonisa ikhanda likaSulimchik laseGrabov, isithombe se-oki, i-thesis yomfundi e-Academy of Fine Arts futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo isikhulu sezobunhloli uMstislav Kotseevsky. UMongameli uMaria Mosticka waba unkulunkulukazi walolu phiko. Umkhumbi wasuka eGdansk ngoJuni 29, 1935. Ngaphambi kokuqala kwempi, abantu abangaba ngu-17 abathanda ukuhamba ngomkhumbi badlula endaweni yayo ohambweni lwesikole oluyi-750.
Ngemva kokuba iGdynia ithathwe amaJalimane, umkhumbi wadluliselwa e-Kriegsmarine futhi, ngemva komsebenzi ongashiwongo endaweni yemikhumbi ye-F. Schichau eGdańsk, wasetshenziswa kusukela ekupheleni kuka-1940 njengomkhumbi wokuqeqesha ngaphansi kwegama elithi Schwarzer Husar. Yashiywa ngo-1943 endaweni yaseLübeck (noma eFlensburg). Ekugcineni wasinda ebunzimeni bempi, wakhonjwa futhi walulama ngo-1946, kwathi ngemva konyaka umkhumbi wadonselwa eGdynia. Umqondo wemfundo yasolwandle entsheni ngomoya ohlukile kulowo ogcwele ukufundiswa kukaStalinist wawungahloselwe ukuthi uvuselelwe, ikakhulukazi njengoba wawusekelwe ePoland ehlanzekile. Ngempela, ngo-1948, “isishoshovu esisha” sanquma ukwehlukana nesiko lokuhlola, futhi ekuqaleni kwawo-1950 i-SWP, futhi eqinisweni okwakusele kunyunyana, kwaba ngaphansi kokulawula kweNyunyana Yamakhomanisi Yentsha YasePoland. Ngakho, phakathi neminyaka “yokubhebhetheka komzabalazo wezigaba” lalingekho ithuba noma isifiso sokugoba isiphetho seZawisz yokuqala. Ukuze kongiwe izindleko zokubhidliza, umkhumbi ocekelwe phansi ucwiliswe e-Puck Bay (54°40'04"N, 18°34'04"E, ngokweminye imithombo 54°40'42"N, 18 ° 34'06" E) ekujuleni okungamamitha angu-7. Ukuphahlazeka komkhumbi kunenkomba ethi W-4, eyanikezwa i-Maritime Museum yangaleso sikhathi. Kubonakala sengathi akukho okufana nokuvalelisa kwezothando kumakadebona; le nganekwane yengezwe kamuva.
I-Sulimchik yesibili
Ngemuva kokuvula “ko-Okthoba we-Polish”, i-SHP eshayiwe futhi ethuliswe kakhulu iphinde yathola ithuba lomsebenzi ozimele noma omncane. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho kwavela khona umqondo wokubuyisela intsha ekuqeqeshweni kwezasolwandle, okwaba futhi, futhi okufanele kukhunjulwe, ithuba lokusebenzisa okuningi komlando obhaliwe kanye nenganekwane yobuhlakani bezempi yangaphambi kwempi. Amathuba okuthola umkhumbi omusha wokuqeqesha ngaleso sikhathi ayemancane. Kodwa-ke, inhlangano yabahloli yacelwa ukuba yamukele futhi ijwayelane neyunithi yochungechunge olukhalela umlando wokudoba olwandle lwasePoland, okungenye ye-B-11 lugrotrawlers, eyaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi "izinyoni" (ngaphezu kokulandela umoya wokudoba. izikhathi, yaba kusukela ePelican kuya kuFrank Zubrzycki).
Kodwa-ke, i-Rybacki Cietrzew yayiphenduka kancane kancane ibe isikebhe sikaseyili sesikole. Okokuqala, ngemva kokuphela komsebenzi njengomkhumbi wokuzingela, kwakufanele kube, futhi isinqumo esinjalo senziwa ngo-1957, umkhumbi wokuhlenga ngemibala yomkhumbi wokuhlenga wasePoland (okwenzeka iwele likaChapl) futhi kuphela lapho le nhloso. akazange abonakale, ngo-February 1960, ngesinqumo Ministry of Shipping, wawela ezandleni scouts. Ekuqaleni, idivayisi yayihlelwe ukuthi isetshenziswe njenge-skeleton yokuhlala emile (!), isinqumo sokuyivumelanisa nomkhumbi wokuqeqesha senziwa kamuva. Isigaba sokuqala sokwakha kabusha ngaphansi kokuqondisa kwe-eng. I-W. Godlewski (umklami oseyili) yenziwa ngo-1960 yi-Gdynia Repair Yard futhi yaqedwa ehlobo lika-1961 yi-Naval Shipyard.
Bobabili babazi okuncane mayelana nokwakhiwa kwemikhumbi kaseyili, futhi umsebenzi wenziwa - ngezindlela eziningi - ngezindlela zezomnotho. Babelinganiselwe ngempela ububanzi: izikhali zokudoba zahlakazwa, i-wheelhouse yehliswa futhi yashintshwa, iqhinga lanezelwa ngamathani angu-45 we-ballast, izindawo zokuhlala zahlelwa endaweni yangaphambili, futhi kwakhiwa ama-mass angu-3. Yile ndlela i-jib schooner eyazalwa ngayo, i-hull yayo, nokho, yagcina ubuhle "obungabonakali" bomkhumbi wokudoba. Akukho ukuvumelana phakathi kwalabo ababhala ngalokhu ukuthi igalani elisemnsalweni liyisifanekiso esivela emkhunjini wokuqala wokuhamba ngomkhumbi noma ikhophi yalo (isibonelo, uJan Piwoński waphikisana ngokuthi ukusika ikhanda le-knight kwakungenye yezenzo zokuqala ezenziwa ngu. amaJalimane ngemva kokuthatha umkhumbi, kodwa kungenzeka ukuthi lokhu akuzange kwenzeke, futhi kwakuyi-galion eyaphefumulela abahlali ukuba bayiqambe igama elithi Schwarzer Husar).
