Hlola imoto ngaphambi kokuhamba

Isikhathi sohambo lwamaholide asebusika kanye nohambo lokushushuluza ngezimpelasonto luyasondela. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ngisho nokungasebenzi kahle kwemoto encane phakathi nohambo kungonakalisa isimo seholide futhi kunciphise isikhwama semali somnikazi. Futhi ukuhlola imoto uzodinga imizuzu engu-60 kuphela. Yini efakiwe ekubuyekezweni? Yiziphi izici esingazihlola thina?

Yisiphi isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokuza ukuzohlolwa? Okungenani amasonto amabili ngaphambili ukunakekela. Sizoba nezinye izinto eziningi esizozenza ngaphambi nje kweholide noma sihlele ukuhamba ngempelasonto futhi izinsuku eziyi-14 zizoba nesikhathi esanele sokulungisa noma yiziphi izinkinga ezingase zibe khona ezitholakala ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa.

Yiziphi izici okufanele zihlolwe ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwemoto ngezikhathi ezithile?

1. Hlola amabhuleki.

Uhlelo lokubhuleka olusebenzayo lusho ukuphepha okukhulu emgwaqeni. Isimo se-brake pads, esikuvumela ukuthi uthathe uhambo lwangempelasonto ukuya endaweni elandelayo, singakhipha imoto uma uhamba amakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezimbalwa. Kubonakala sengathi lokhu kuyibanga elide, kodwa kwanele, isibonelo, ukubala ibanga ukusuka enkabeni yePoland ukuya olwandle - bese sihamba cishe amakhilomitha angu-1.000 XNUMX kuzo zombili izinkomba. Futhi lokhu cishe akulona ukuphela kohambo lweholide.

Ukuhlola kuhlanganisa ukuhlola isimo sama-pads, ama-disc, ama-brake pads, njll. amasilinda (okuhlanganisa nokungcoliswa kwawo ngomshini) kanye nezinga le-brake fluid. Kuyafaneleka ukwazi ukuthi uhlelo lwamabhuleki angcolile luphinde lusho ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli. Izimoto zesimanje zifakwe izinhlelo zokuqapha ezibika ukungasebenzi kahle ohlelweni lwamabhuleki.

2. Ukulawula ukumunca ukushaqeka.

Ama-shock absorber asebenza kahle awabhekeleli nje kuphela ukunethezeka kokushayela (ukumiswa) noma ukuthintana okufanele kwesondo ukuya emgwaqeni, kodwa namabanga amafushane okubhuleka. Kuma-workshops ochwepheshe, i-brake force (emva kokuhlola isistimu ye-brake) kanye nokusebenza kahle kokudambisa ama-shock absorbers kuyahlolwa emgqeni wokuxilonga, futhi umshayeli uthola ukuphrinta kwekhompyutha ngemiphumela yokuhlolwa.

3. Ukulawula ukumiswa.

Ukulawula ukumiswa, okubalulekile ekuhambeni okufanele, ikakhulukazi emotweni enemithwalo yeholide, kunzima kakhulu. Imigwaqo yasePoland ayithokozisi abashayeli, ngakho-ke ukubuyekezwa kubuye kwafaka nesembozo senjini, izakhi zenjoloba ezivikela izindawo ezibucayi zokumiswa, izihlangu zokushisa nezinsimbi zesistimu yokukhipha umoya. Kulokhu, umshayeli uthola nephrinta yokuhlola yekhompyutha.

4. Ukuhlolwa kwamasondo.

Isimo sokunyathela kanye nomfutho wesondo kuthinta ngqo ukuphepha kokushayela kanye nokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli. Ukunyathela okuphansi kakhulu - ngaphansi kuka-1,6 mm - kuwuphawu lokushintsha isondo kule eseli yemoto. Uma lokhu kungenziwanga, khona-ke endaweni emanzi ungqimba lwamanzi luzohlukanisa isondo emgwaqeni ("i-hydroplaning phenomenon"), okungaholela ekulahlekelweni kokudonsa, ukushushuluza noma ukwanda kwebanga lokubhuleka. Ukulimala okusemaceleni kwezindonga zamathayi nakho kuyingozi, okungabangelwa ukudlula ama-curbs kanye nemigodi emgwaqeni ngendlela enamandla kakhulu. Noma imuphi umonakalo oseceleni uzokhipha isondo futhi kufanele lishintshwe ngokushesha. Kubalulekile futhi ukulungisa umfutho wesondo (kuhlanganise nesondo eliyisipele) ngokuhambisana nomthwalo wemoto.

5. Ukuhlola uhlelo lokupholisa.

Ukupholisa injini okunephutha kuyindlela eqondile eya emonakalweni omkhulu. Ngaphezu kokuhlola isipholile, isiphephetha-moya, nephampu yamanzi, ukuhlola isipholisa-moya nakho kubalulekile ekunethezekeni kwabahambi nokugxila komshayeli. Uchwepheshe wesevisi uzohlola ukugcwaliswa kwesistimu ye-air conditioning, ukuqina kwayo kanye nesimo sezihlungi, futhi uma kunesidingo, anikele ngokubulala amagciwane. Kuhle ukwazi ukuthi izihlungi zamalahle ezinconyelwe abantu abangezwani nokuhogela ziyatholakala emakethe.

6. Hlola ibhethri lenjini nebhande.

Ukuhlola ukushajwa kwebhethri lakho kungase kubonakale kungenamsebenzi ehlobo, kodwa lapho amazinga okushisa ephezulu, sisebenzisa isipholisa-moya kaningi, silalele umsakazo injini icishiwe, bese sixhuma amanye amadivayisi kusilayidi sikagwayi, njengesistimu yokuzulazula, ishaja yefoni, isiqandisi, noma imoto kagesi. iphampu kamatilasi. Ezimotweni ezindala kuneminyaka emihlanu, ukuhlola ibhethri kuyimpoqo. Kubalulekile ngokulinganayo ukuhlola ibhande lesesekeli senjini ngaphambi kohambo olude. Izimoto zesimanje zishayelwa ngamabhande ukuze zithenge izesekeli ezihlanganisa i-power steering pump, air conditioning compressor, futha amanzi kanye ne-alternator.

7. Ukulawula uketshezi.

Ngaphezu kokuhlola amazinga ebhuleki kanye nokupholisa, udinga ukuhlola isimo samafutha enjini. Umgodi omkhulu ngokusolisayo uwuphawu oluphelele lokuhlonza imbangela yawo. Uchwepheshe wesevisi uzonikeza umshayeli ulwazi oludingekayo mayelana nokuthi yikuphi uketshezi okufanele kusetshenziswe futhi yiziphi okufanele zithathwe kanye naye uhambo olude (uhlobo loketshezi kanye nophawu lwalo lobuchwepheshe, isibonelo i-viscosity esimweni samafutha). Kuyafaneleka futhi ukubuza mayelana namaphromoshini esizini, okuhlanganisa nokushintshwa koketshezi, okuvamise ukubanjelwa eziteshini zesevisi ezinophawu, okuhlanganisa nezethu.

8. Ukulawula ukukhanya.

Wonke amalambu emoto kumele asebenze kahle, futhi nalawo kumele akhanye ngokulinganayo. Ukuhlola kuhlanganisa ukuhlola amalambu aphansi naphakeme, amalambu asemaceleni nahlehlisayo, amasignali ezingozi namajika, kanye namalambu enkungu namabhuleki. Izinto eziyisisekelo zihlanganisa nokuhlola ipuleti lelayisense nezibani zangaphakathi zemoto, kanye nokuhlola uphondo. Kuyafaneleka ukuthenga isethi eyisipele yamalambu okukhanya ohambo - izindleko zesethi evamile zingama-zloty angu-70. Kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu - kuhl. eCzech Republic, eCroatia naseSlovakia - isethi eyisipele iyadingeka. Lokhu akusebenzi kumalambu e-xenon, angashintshwa kuphela yisikhungo sesevisi.

Yini umshayeli angayibheka eyedwa emotweni?

Uma imoto isanda kuhlolwa ngezikhathi ezithile noma singenaso isikhathi sokuvakashela isiteshi sesevisi, singazihlola izakhi eziyishumi nambili ngokwethu, singachithi isikhathi esingaphezu kwesigamu sehora. Ubuncane obuphelele yi-“EMP”, okusho ukuhlola uketshezi lwakho, amathayi nezibani zangaphambili.

Ngaphambi kokuya eholidini, umshayeli angakwazi ukuhlola ngokuzimela izinga le-brake kanye ne-coolant ngokubheka izinkomba ezitsheni, ezibonisa ubuncane nobuningi obugciniwe boketshezi ngalunye. Amafutha kufanele ahlolwe ngokukhipha i-dipstick, etholakala emzimbeni we-cylinder block futhi ngokuvamile inomaka ophuzi. Kuyafaneleka futhi ukwengeza uketshezi lwe-washer futhi uhlole isimo sama-wiper blades.

Isimo nokujula kokunyathela, kanye nomfutho wesondo, kungabhekwa - ngenkathi ipakwe esiteshini segesi - usebenzisa i-compressor. Izimoto eziningi zinezimpawu endaweni ebonakalayo ngaphakathi (isibonelo, eduze nomnyango) ezinamavelu okucindezela komoya asethiwe ezimeni ezahlukahlukene futhi zihlukaniswe ngama-ekseli womabili wemoto. Ngisho nokuhlola ngokushesha izindonga ezingaphandle zesondo ngalinye kuzoveza imifantu emikhulu ephambanayo. Ngendlela, ama-disks nawo adinga ukubhekwa.

Uma ubheka isimo sesondo lakho eliyisipele, qiniseka ukuthi unazo: ijekhi, i-wheelbrace, i-refleive vest, unxantathu oyisixwayiso kanye nesicishamlilo sosuku lokuphelelwa yisikhathi samanje. Lapho upakisha imithwalo, beka unxantathu kanye nesicisha-mlilo endaweni okufinyeleleka kalula kuyo esiqwini, bese ubeka ivesti emotweni. Uma kuqhathaniswa neYurophu yonke, ePoland umshini wemoto oyimpoqo unesizotha, uwunxantathu oyisixwayiso nesicishamlilo kuphela. Nokho, imithetho iyahluka kuye ngamazwe futhi iSlovakia ingenye yemithetho eqinile. Uma ufuna ukugwema ukukhuluma nephoyisa lakwamanye amazwe, kufanelekile ukuhlola imithetho yamanje yohlelo lwethu lohambo.

Ungakwazi ukuhlola zonke izibani emotweni ngokwakho (ngokwesibonelo, ngokusebenzisa udonga lapho ungabona khona ukubonakaliswa kohlobo ngalunye lokukhanya), nakuba kungase kusize ukuba nomunye umuntu eduze. Umshayeli uzodinga umzamo owengeziwe wokushintsha amalambu ashile, angatholakali kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezimoto.

Imishini eyisisekelo yemoto ihlanganisa nekhithi yosizo lokuqala ephelele. Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu zemishini yilezi: amagilavu ​​alahlwayo, imaski noma ishubhu lokuphefumula elikhethekile, ifilimu eshisayo, amabhandeshi, okokugqoka, amabhande okunwebeka kanye nokucindezela, kanye nesikelo esizokuvumela ukuthi unqamule amabhande ezihlalo noma izingubo.

Ungakwazi futhi ukuhlola ngokuzimela isimo samafasitela (ikakhulukazi i-windshield), izilungiselelo ze-washer nozzles, izibuko ezingemuva kanye nophondo. Ngemuva kokupakisha imithwalo yakho emotweni, kufanelekile ukubeka izibani endaweni efanele ukuze ukwazi ukubona kahle umgwaqo futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ungaphuphutheki izimoto ezizayo.

Ngokusho kukangoti

U-Marcin Rosloniec, inhloko yenkonzo yemishini kwa-Renault Warszawa Puławska.

Minyaka yonke ngihlangana nabashayeli abacophelelayo abakukhathalele ukuphepha kwabo nokuphepha kwabagibeli, ikakhulukazi izingane. Abasebenzisi bezimoto ezinjalo bazimisele kakhulu kuneminyaka embalwa edlule ukunquma, isibonelo, ukufaka esikhundleni sezingxenye zesistimu ye-brake - ama-discs, ama-pads, uketshezi - ngaphandle kokulinda ukuba baguge ngokuphelele. Ukuhlola imoto ngaphambi kolunye uhambo kuba esinye sezigaba ezibalulekile zokuhlela uhambo. Ngenxa yalokhu, singaqiniseka cishe ukuthi ngisho nokuhlehla okuncane ngeke kulimaze iholide lethu lamaphupho.