Inombolo ye-octane yenjini namapharamitha wokusebenza kwenjini. Ithini inombolo ye-octane kaphethiloli?

Iyini inombolo ye-octane?

Inombolo ye-octane ipharamitha enquma ukumelana nophethiloli onikeziwe ekuqhumeni. Kuyo yonke injini yokuthungela inhlansi, ingxube yomoya/yephethiloli ivutha ngesikhathi esifanele. Lawa mayunithi aklanywe ngendlela yokuthi ukuvutha kungenzeki ngokubamba iqhaza kwengcindezi edaliwe kuphela ngenhlansi. Ngakho-ke, izinjini zikaphethiloli ngokuvamile zinezinga eliphansi lokucindezela kunezinjini zokuthungela (zishisa ngaphansi kwengcindezi).

Uma inombolo ye-octane iphansi kakhulu, ukuvutha okungalawuleki ku-cylinder kungase kwenzeke ngesikhathi sokusha. Ukuvela kwazo kungokwendawo ngemvelo futhi kwenzeka ngaphambi kokushiswa kwangempela kwengxube ye-fuel-air. Lokhu akukona nje ukuphazamiseka kumshayeli, angase azizwe engqongqoza uma injini igijima. Ukwenzeka isikhathi eside kokuqhunyiswa okungalawuleki kunomthelela ekubhujisweni kweyunithi yamandla emoto.

Siyini isilinganiso se-octane sikaphethiloli? Indlela ukufunda ukwakheka uphethiloli?

Eziteshini zikaphethiloli, uzothola uphethiloli onesilinganiso se-octane esingu-95 noma esingu-98. Uhlobo lwakamuva lukaphethiloli lumelana kakhulu nokushiswa kwe-detonation (i-knock combustion). Nokho, iqhutshwa kanjani inqubo yokulinganisa izakhiwo eziphikisana nokungqongqoza zamafutha? Izindinganiso ezikhethekile nezinjini zokuhlola zisetshenziselwa lokhu. Izinto zokuqala kuqala.

Inani elidingekayo ukuze kunqunywe inani le-octane likaphethiloli ukuqhathanisa amandla ayo omlilo nezingxenye ezimbili zikaphethiloli - i-n-heptane ne-isooctane. Owokuqala wabo ushisa okubi kakhulu futhi uthola inani elinemibandela "0". I-Isooctane, ngokuphambene, inezici ezinhle kakhulu zawo wonke ama-hydrocarbons aliphatic kuphethiloli. Ngakho-ke, inani layo licaciswe ngokuthi "100".

Okulandelayo, uzodinga injini yokuhlola. Isebenza kusetshenziswa ingxube efanelekile ye-isooctane ne-n-heptane. Uma ingxube kaphethiloli elungiselelwe ukuhlolwa, enenani le-octane elingacacile, inikeza izimo zokusebenza zenjini ezifanayo njengenhlanganisela yezinto ezimbili ezingenhla, kuthatha inombolo ye-octane ezingeni lephesenti le-isooctane.

Isibonelo: Into esetshenziswe ekuhlolweni bekuyi-80% isooctane kanye no-20% n-heptane. Injini ibisebenza ngengxube kaphethiloli enamanani angacacile futhi ithole amanani afanayo nengxube kaphethiloli engenhla. inhlanganisela yama-hydrocarbon amabili. Siyini isiphetho? Inani le-octane likaphethiloli lingu-80.

Izilinganiso ze-octane yesibaseli - RON ne-MON

Njengamanje, kusetshenziswa izinqubo ezimbalwa ukuze kutholwe isamba sezinombolo ze-octane zamafutha athile. Yona:

• I-RON (Cwaninga Inombolo ye-Acetate);
• WAMI (I-octane yenjini);
• MUSA/WHO (inombolo octane othandekayo / Inkomba ye-Antiknock).

Inqubo ye-RON

Inqubo yokuhlola ye-RON isebenzisa injini ye-cylinder eyodwa egijima ngokuqhubekayo ku-600 rpm. Phakathi nomjikelezo womsebenzi, isilinganiso sawo sokucindezela sikhuphuka njalo ukuze kunqunywe isilinganiso se-octane kaphethiloli. Lolu hlobo lokulinganisa luhle kakhulu ekunqumeni izimo zokusebenza zomshini ongalayishwe kakhulu. 

Inqubo ye-PN

Isimo sithe sihlukile ngenqubo ye-MON. Iyunithi ye-cylinder eyodwa ene-variable compression ratio nayo isetshenziswa. Nokho, igijima ku-900 rpm. Ngakho-ke, kubonisa kahle okwenzekayo ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwedivayisi ngaphansi komthwalo osindayo. 

Inqubo DON/OPP

Ngezinqubo zokulinganisa ze-DON/AKI, amanani angu-RON+MON/2 ayacatshangelwa. Lena yindlela inombolo ye-octane enqunywa ngayo e-USA, Canada nakwamanye amazwe.

Kungani ukhiqiza uphethiloli ngezilinganiso ezihlukene ze-octane?

Okokuqala, izimo zokusebenza zamayunithi okushayela ngamanye ziyahlukahluka komunye nomunye. Ikhishwe cishe eminyakeni engu-30 edlule, imodeli ye-Audi 80 enenjini engu-2.0 hp 90. ibe nesilinganiso sokucindezela esingu-9.0:1. Ngezindinganiso zanamuhla, lo mphumela awumangalisi, ngakho-ke ukuze kusetshenziswe kahle le yunithi, kwasetshenziswa uphethiloli onesilinganiso se-octane esingu-95. Kodwa-ke, ubuchwepheshe buhloselwe imvelo, umnotho kanye nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuphezulu kakhulu. KwaMazda bethule injini kaphethiloli engu-14:1 enamandla amakhulu futhi ehlisa ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli.

Futhi uma ugcwalisa imoto enezinga eliphezulu lokucindezela ngophethiloli we-octane ephansi?

Maningi amathuba okuthi injini ingasebenzi kahle uma isebenzisa uphethiloli onconywa umenzi wayo. Ingase ibe nemijikelezo yokuqhunyiswa okungajwayelekile kanye nomsindo ophazamisayo. Ezimotweni ezikwazi ukulungisa isikhathi sokushiswa kukaphethiloli osetshenziswa njengamanje, akukho okuzoshintsha esikweni lenjini, kodwa izoba namandla amancane. 

Kuthiwani uma injini yokucindezela ephansi ithola uphethiloli ongu-98 octane? 

Empeleni, lokhu kungasho… lutho nhlobo. Uma iyunithi ingashintshwa ukuze isebenze kuphethiloli we-octane ephezulu (ayikho indlela yokulungisa ngokuzimele i-engeli engaphambili), imoto ingase ilahlekelwe ngisho nokulahlekelwa.

Njengoba inombolo ye-octane kaphethiloli ikhula, inani lamandla liyancipha. Ngakho-ke, isibonelo, izimoto ezifakwe i-LPG kufanele zithole umthamo omkhulu waleli phethiloli ukuze zifeze ukusebenza okulinganayo, njengoba kunjalo ngophethiloli (i-LPG ine-"LO" engaphezu kuka-100). 

Ngakho-ke, izindaba ezinjengokuthi "ithulule i-98 futhi kwadingeka ibambe isondo lokushayela liqine!" ungabeka ngokuphepha phakathi kwezinganekwane.

Amagama ambalwa mayelana nokushiswa kwe-detonation

Uyazi kakade ukuthi isilinganiso esingalungile se-octane sikaphethiloli senjini ethile singaholela ekushiseni okukhulu. Kodwa kusongela ngani ngempela? Okokuqala, umzuzu ongalawuleki futhi wangaphambi kwesikhathi kakhulu wokuqhunyiswa kukaphethiloli udala ukonakala ekusebenzeni okutholwe yiyunithi. Izimoto ezisetshenziswayo njengamanje zinezinzwa zokuzivikela ekusebenzeni okunjalo kwenjini. Eqinisweni, bafaka isandla ekwandiseni isikhathi sokuvutha ukuze kubambezeleke.

Ukushayela isikhathi eside kuphethiloli ongalungile kungalimaza inzwa engenhla. Ukwenyuka kwezinga lokushisa lokusebenza kweyunithi nakho kunomthelela ekwehleni kwamandla ama-valve nezihlalo zama-valve, kanye nama-pistons kanye nohlelo lonke lwe-crank. amandlaIzinjini ezingasebenzisi uphethiloli ohlangabezana nezincomo zomkhiqizi zingahluleka unomphela, isibonelo, ngenxa yokushiswa kwezimbobo kuma-piston Crown.

Usetshenziswa kuphi uphethiloli we-octane ephezulu?

Uphethiloli ophakeme we-octane uwusizo emjahweni wezimoto nakweminye imiqhudelwano yezimoto lapho kusetshenziswa khona izimoto ezihamba emkhathini. Kodwa-ke, inani lezinjini zalolu hlobo alikho kuphethiloli, kodwa ekulungisweni okwenziwa kuzo. Ngokuvamile ukwandisa isilinganiso sokucindezela, ukunciphisa isikhathi sokuthungela, engeza i-turbocharging kanye nomjovo we-nitrous oxide. Emiklamo enjalo, inombolo ye-octane kaphethiloli ibalulekile ngenxa yokuvikelwa ekushiseni okuyingozi, okwanda kakhulu.

Njengoba ubona, kunezizathu eziningi zokukhetha ngobuchule uhlobo oluthile lukaphethiloli wemoto yakho. Ukuze ungayibhubhisi, sincoma ukuthi unamathele kunkomba ekhonjiswe umenzi. Bese ungajabulela ukusebenza okuthulile nokungenazinkinga kweyunithi yakho. indlela ende!