"Neptune" - Ukraine ogwini missile uhlelo.
Ukuhlolwa kuka-Ephreli komcibisholo we-R-360A we-RK-360MS Neptune complex.
Ngomhla zi-5 kuMbasa, i-prototype yokuqala esebenza ngokugcwele ye-Neptune RK-360MS self-propelled coastal defense complex yaboniswa emphakathini phakathi novivinyo lwasefekthri, lapho kwadutshulwa umcibisholo we-R-360A wokulwa nomkhumbi okokuqala ngqa. inguqulo. Nakuba imiphumela yangempela yezifundo zokuqala zesistimu yangaphakathi kwendiza isalokhu iyimpicabadala, umbukiso unikeza ukukhanya okuthile ekucushweni kwe-Neptune namandla.
Izivivinyo zenzeke endaweni yokuqeqeshwa endaweni ye-Alibey estuary eduze kwase-Odessa. Umcibisholo oqondisiwe we-R-360A uqedele indiza egudle umzila othile onamaphoyinti okujika amane. Wanqoba ingxenye yawo yokuqala phezu kolwandle, endizela amakhilomitha angama-95, wabe esejika kathathu futhi, ekugcineni, wangena esifundweni esibuyela emuva esiholela endaweni yokuqeqeshwa. Kuze kube manje, wayehamba endaweni engamamitha angu-300, wabe eseqala ukuyehlisa, ehamba ngamamitha amahlanu ngaphezu kwamagagasi esigabeni sokugcina sokundiza phezu kolwandle. Ekugcineni, washaya ilitshe phansi eduze nendawo yokwethula. Uhambe ibanga elingu-255 km ngemizuzu engu-13 imizuzwana engu-55.
Uhlelo lweNeptune lwathuthukiswa e-Ukraine ngokusetshenziswa okuphezulu kwezinsiza zalo namakhono. Lokhu kwakudingeka ngenxa yesidingo sokusebenzisa izinsiza ngokuphumelelayo, ezilinganiselwe kakhulu ezweni elilwayo, nokusheshisa isigaba sokuthuthukiswa nokufinyelela umthamo wokukhiqiza - konke ukuze kunikeze i-Viysk-Naval Forces yase-Ukraine (VMSU) ikhono. ukuvikela izithakazelo zikazwelonke ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.
Isidingo esiphuthumayo lapho sibhekene nosongo olukhulayo
Endabeni yase-Ukraine, imfuneko yokuba nesistimu yayo yokulwa nomkhumbi yayibaluleke kakhulu ngenxa yosongo lwezokuphepha oluvela eRussian Federation. Isikhundla se-Ukrainian Navy safinyelela ezingeni elibucayi ngemuva kokuthunjwa kweCrimea yiRussia entwasahlobo ka-2014, ngenxa yalokho okwalahleka ingxenye enkulu yamandla okwakhiwa kwemikhumbi esekelwe eSevastopol naseLake Donuzlav, kanye amabhethri e-missile anti-ship 4K51 asogwini, asakhiqizwa yiSoviet. Ngenxa yesimo sabo esingagculisi samanje, i-WMSU ayikwazi ukumelana ngokuphumelelayo ne-Black Sea Fleet ye-Russian Federation. Amakhono abo awanele ukulwa nokuhlasela okungenzeka kwaseRussia kusetshenziswa ukuhlasela kwe-amphibious ogwini lwase-Ukraine noma lapho bebhekene nosongo lokuvinjwa kwamachweba.
Ngemva kokuthathwa kweCrimea, iRussia yawandisa kakhulu amandla ayo okuhlasela nokuzivikela endaweni. I-Moscow ithumele uhlelo lokuzivikela olulwa nomkhumbi lapho, oluhlanganisa izingxenye eziningana: uhlelo lokubona indawo ebangeni elingafika ku-500 km; ukucubungula idatha okuhlosiwe okuzenzakalelayo kanye nezinhlelo zokulawula umlilo; kanye nemoto yokulwa enebanga lendiza elingafika ku-350 km. Lezi zamuva zihlanganisa amasistimu e-missile asogwini i-3K60 "Bal" ne-K-300P "Bastion-P", kanye ne- "Caliber-NK / PL" emikhunjini engaphezulu nemikhumbi-ngwenya, kanye nokundiza kwe-Black Sea Fleet. Ekuqaleni konyaka, Navy nge "Caliber" oLwandle Olumnyama kuhlanganisa: izibukeli ezintathu (frigates) yephrojekthi 11356R kanye ngwenya eziyisithupha project 06363, ukuhlinzeka salvo ingqikithi mayelana 60 imicibisholo, kuhlanganise 3M14 ukulwa ibanga elide. okuhloswe ngakho phansi ngebanga lendiza elingaba ngu-1500 km, elihlanganisa iningi laseYurophu. Abantu baseRussia baphinde baqinisa amabutho abo okuhlasela okuhlala emanzini, ikakhulukazi ngokuthumela amayunithi amancane nasheshayo okuhlasela kwe-amphibious amabutho akhethekile, awusizo ikakhulukazi esifundeni sase-Sea of Azov.
Ukuphendula, i-Ukraine yasebenzisa isistimu yezikhali zamarokhethi engu-300mm Wilch, kodwa imicibisholo ejikijelwa phansi engaqondiswa noma eqondiswayo ayisebenzi kakhulu ekubhekaneni nezinjongo zasolwandle ezihambayo. Akumangalisi ukuthi uhlelo lwe-Neptune-class lwalubaluleke kakhulu ku-WMSU. Kuyadingeka ukuvikela amanzi ezindawo kanye nezimo ezibucayi, izisekelo zasolwandle, izinsiza ezingaphansi komhlaba kanye nezindawo ezibalulekile zengqalasizinda, kanye nokuvimbela ukufika kwezitha emanzini asogwini.
Isiqalisi i-USPU-360 endaweni yokulwa kanye ne-stowed.
Izingxenye Zesistimu
Ekugcineni, iqembu leqembu lesistimu ye-Neptune lizoba namabhethri amabili okudubula. Ngamunye wabo uzothola: iziqhumane ezintathu ezizihambelayo, imoto yokulayisha ezokuthutha, imoto yokuthutha kanye nendawo yokulawula umlilo we-C2. Inkampani kahulumeni i-DierżKKB Łucz yase-Kyiv isebenze njengosonkontileka ojwayelekile we-R&D yohlelo. Ukubambisana kwakuhlanganisa izinkampani eziphathelene nokukhathazeka kombuso "Ukroboronprom", okungukuthi: "Orizon-Navigation", "Impulse", "Vizar", kanye nomnyango weCentral Design Bureau "Arsenal" ye-State Cosmos yase-Ukraine kanye izinkampani ezizimele LLC "Radionix", TOW " idivayisi ye-Telecard. , UkrInnMash, TOW Ukraine armored izimoto, PAT Motor Sich kanye PrAT AvtoKrAZ.
Umnyombo wesistimu umcibisholo oqondiswa i-R-360A, lapho zonke ezinye izingxenye ze-Neptune zihlanganiswa khona. Lona umcibisholo wokuqala wase-Ukraine oqondiswe ukulwa nomkhumbi, ohlanganiswe ekwakhiweni kokunciphisa izindleko futhi ohloselwe ukusetshenziswa emhlabeni, ezisekelweni ezintantayo nezomoya (kuhlanganise nezinhlobo ezithile zezindiza ezinophephela emhlane). Inhloso yawo ukucekelwa phansi kwemikhumbi engaphezulu nemikhumbi, izikebhe ezihlala phansi kanye nabathuthi bezempi abahamba ngokuzimela noma ngamaqembu. Ingakwazi futhi ukumelana nemigomo emisiwe endaweni ethile ngokwezinga elithile. Kwakuhloswe ukuthi kusebenze imini nobusuku, kunoma yiziphi izimo ze-hydrometeorological kanye nokuphikisana nento yokuhlaselwa (ukuphazamiseka okusebenzayo nokusebenzayo, imishini yokuzivikela). Imicibisholo ingavulwa ngayodwana noma nge-salvo (isikhawu samasekhondi angu-3-5) ukuze kwandiswe amathuba okushaya ithagethi.
