Ukungasebenzi kahle nokushintshwa kwehabhu ne-axle shaft ku-VAZ 2106
Okuqukethwe
Ukuze imoto isebenze ngokuphephile, amasondo ayo kufanele ajikeleze ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Uma zivela, khona-ke ngokulawulwa kwemoto kukhona ama-nuances angaholela engozini. Ngakho-ke, isimo samahabhu, ama-axle shafts kanye nama-bearings awo kufanele kuqashelwe ngezikhathi ezithile, futhi uma izinkinga zenzeka, kufanele ziqedwe ngesikhathi.
Ihabhu elingaphambili le-VAZ 2106
Enye yezinto ezibalulekile chassis Vaz 2106 - ihabhu. Ngale ngxenye, isondo lingaphenduka. Ukuze wenze lokhu, i-rim ifakwe ku-hub, futhi ukujikeleza ngokwayo kwenziwa ngenxa ye-pair of wheel bearings. Imisebenzi esemqoka eyabelwe ihabhu yilena:
- ukuxhumeka kwediski yesondo ne-knuckle yokuqondisa;
- ukuqinisekisa ukuma kwekhwalithi ephezulu kwemoto, njengoba i-brake disc igxiliwe kuhabhu.
Ukuze wazi ukuthi ukungasebenzi kahle kwehabhu kubonakala kanjani, kanye nendlela yokulungisa, udinga ukuzijwayeza ngedivayisi yalesi sici. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ingxenye yakhelwe ukwenza imisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi, ilula ngokwesakhiwo. Izingxenye eziyinhloko zehabhu yizindlu nama-bearings. Umzimba wengxenye uphonswe, wenziwe nge-alloy eqinile futhi ucutshungulwe ekuphenduleni imishini. Ihabhu liyehluleka kuyaqabukela. Ukungasebenzi okuyinhloko komkhiqizo ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlanga ezithwala ngaphandle ezindaweni zokufaka.
Isibhakela esiyindilinga
Isici esibaluleke ngokulinganayo se-chassis ye-"six" yi-knuckle yokuqondisa. I-force idluliselwa kuyo isuka ku-trapezoid yokuqondisa ngokusebenzisa i-lever, ngenxa yalokho amasondo e-axle yangaphambili ajikeleziswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-ball bearings (phezulu naphansi) ahlanganiswe nomhlangano ngokusebenzisa ama-lugs ahambisanayo. Ngemuva kwequpha lokuqondisa kune-asi lapho kufakwa khona ihabhu elinama-bearings. I-elementi yehabhu igxilwe ku-ekseli ngenadi. I-trunnion yesokunxele isebenzisa inati lesandla sokudla, i-trunnion yesokudla isebenzisa nati elingakwesokunxele.. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze kukhishwe ukuqiniswa kwama-bearings ekuhambeni futhi kugwenywe ukushisa kwawo ngokweqile kanye nokujama.
Umsebenzi owengeziwe we-knuckle yokuqondisa ukukhawulela ukujikeleza kwamasondo, kuyilapho ingxenye ihlezi ngokumelene nama-levers ane-protrusions ekhethekile.
Amaphutha
Insiza ye-knuckle yokuqondisa ayinamkhawulo, uma ungacabangi ikhwalithi yemigwaqo kanye nokunganakwa kokulungisa amasondo amasondo. Ngezinye izikhathi umkhiqizo ungafinyelela ku-200 ayizinkulungwane km. Ingxenye yenziwe ngensimbi eyinsimbi futhi iyakwazi ukumelana nemithwalo esindayo. Kodwa-ke, uma ihluleka, abanikazi beZhiguli bavame ukuyishintsha kanye nama-bearings kanye nehabhu. Kuyadingeka ukunaka i-knuckle yokuqondisa uma kuvela izimpawu ezilandelayo:
- imoto yaqala ukuphambukisela ezinhlangothini, futhi inkinga ayiqedwa ngokulungisa ukuqondanisa;
- kwaqashelwa ukuthi i-eversion yamasondo yaba ne-engeli encane. Isizathu singase sibe izinkinga kukho kokubili iqupha lokuqondisa kanye nokuhlangana kwebhola;
- ukuphahlazeka kwesondo. Lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yokuqhekeka kwengxenye enentambo yequnu lokuqondisa noma iphinikhodi ehlangene yebhola, okwenzeka kaningi kuZhiguli;
- ukuhlehla okungalawulwa. Uma amasondo amasondo alungiswa ngaphandle kwesikhathi noma ngokungalungile, khona-ke ezindaweni zokufakwa kwawo i-axis ye-knuckle yokuqondisa izoguga kancane kancane, okuzoholela ekubukeni kokudlala, okungenakuqedwa ngokulungiswa.
Ngezinye izikhathi kwenzeka ukuthi ngesikhathi sokukhanda imoto ukuqhekeka okuncane kutholakala ku-knuckle yokuqondisa. Abanye abashayeli bayelulekwa ukuthi balungise inkinga ngokushisela. Nokho, kufanele kucatshangelwe ukuthi ukuphepha ngokuqondile kuncike esimweni se-knuckle yokuqondisa. Ngakho-ke, izakhi ezinjalo akufanele zilungiswe, kodwa zithathelwe indawo yizinhle noma ezintsha.
Indlela yokwandisa ukuqondanisa kwesondo
Abanikazi abaningi be-VAZ 2106 kanye nezinye "zakudala" banesithakazelo endabeni yokwandisa i-eversion yamasondo, njengoba imodeli okukhulunywa ngayo ine-radius enkulu yokujika, okuyinto ehlala ilula njalo. Labo abamatasa kakhulu ekulungiseni imoto yabo bamane bafake isethi yezinto ezimisiwe (izinsimbi, i-bipod) nemingcele eshintshiwe. Kodwa-ke, amasethi anjalo omnikazi ojwayelekile we-VAZ "ayisithupha" angase angabizi, ngoba injabulo enjalo kuzodingeka ukhokhe cishe ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingu-6-8. Ngakho-ke, ezinye izinketho ezithengekayo ziyacatshangelwa, futhi zinjalo. Ungakwazi ukwandisa i-eversion yamasondo kanje:
- Sifaka imoto emgodini bese siqaqa i-bipod efakwe ngaphakathi kwehabhu.
- Njengoba ama-bipod anobude obuhlukene, sisika ingxenye ende ngesigamu, sisuse ingxenye, bese siyishisela futhi.Ukwenza i-eversion yamasondo ibe mkhulu, kuyadingeka ukufinyeza ingalo yokuqondisa
- Sifaka imininingwane endaweni.Uma i-bipod ifinyezwa, ifake emotweni
- Sinciphisa ama-limiters kuma-levers aphansi.Izinqamuli zidinga ukunqunywa ezingalweni zokulawula okuphansi.
Inqubo echazwe ikuvumela ukuthi ukhuphule i-eversion yamasondo cishe ingxenye yesithathu, uma uqhathanisa nendawo evamile.
Amasondo angaphambili
Inhloso eyinhloko yama-wheel bearings ukuqinisekisa ukujikeleza okufanayo kwamasondo. Ihabhu ngalinye lisebenzisa ama-roller bearings amabili anomugqa owodwa.
Ithebula: isondo eliphethe imingcele Vaz 2106
I-Hub bearing | Amapharamitha | ||
ububanzi bangaphakathi, mm | ububanzi obungaphandle, mm | ububanzi, mm | |
ngaphandle | 19.06 | 45.25 | 15.49 |
ingaphakathi | 26 | 57.15 | 17.46 |
Hub bearings run mayelana 40-50 ayizinkulungwane km. Ngesikhathi sokufakwa kwezingxenye ezintsha, zigcotshwa impilo yonke yenkonzo.
Amaphutha
Isondo eliphukile lingabangela ingozi. Ngakho-ke, isimo sabo kufanele siqashwe ngezikhathi ezithile futhi imisindo engaphandle kanye nokuziphatha okungezona okujwayelekile komshini kufanele kuphendulwe ngesikhathi esifanele. Uma ukudlala kutholwa, izakhi zidinga ukulungiswa noma ukushintshwa. Izimpawu ezisemqoka ezikhombisa izinkinga ngamasondo amasondo yilezi:
- I-crunch. Ngenxa yokucekelwa phansi kwesihlukanisi, ama-roller angaphakathi kwedivayisi agingqa ngokungalingani, okuholela ekubonakaleni kwe-metallic crunch. Ingxenye izoshintshwa.
- Ukudlidliza. Ngokuguga okukhulu kwe-bearing, ukudlidliza kudluliselwa kokubili emzimbeni nasesondweni lokuqondisa. Ngenxa yokugqoka okunzima, umkhiqizo ungase ujamu.
- Edonsa imoto eceleni. Ukungasebenzi kahle kufana nokulungiswa okungalungile kokuqondanisa, okubangelwa ukuganwa kwe-bearing.
Indlela yokuhlola ukuthwala
Uma kukhona izinsolo zokuthi isondo elithwele uhlangothi olulodwa lwemoto yakho linephutha, kufanele wenze lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo ukuhlola ukusebenza kwalo:
- Phakamisa isondo langaphambili.
- Sibeka ukugcizelela ngaphansi kwe-lever ephansi, isibonelo, isiphunzi, emva kwalokho sinciphisa i-jack.
- Sithatha isondo ngezandla zombili ezingxenyeni ezingenhla nezingezansi bese sizama ukulitshekisa kithina futhi siqhele kithi. Uma ingxenye isesimweni esihle, akufanele kube khona ukungqongqoza nokudlala.Ukuze uhlole ukuthwala kuyadingeka uku-hang out futhi unyakazise isondo langaphambili
- Siphendula isondo. I-bearing ephukile izozinikela ngokuhlengezela kwesici, i-hum noma eminye imisindo engaphandle.
Ividiyo: ukuhlola isondo elithwele "eziyisithupha"
Indlela yokulungisa
Uma ukucaciswa okwandisiwe kutholwe kuma-bearings, kufanele kulungiswe. Kusukela kumathuluzi ozowadinga:
- jack;
- chisel;
- ukusonta kwe-torque;
- ikhanda 27;
- isando.
Ukulandelana kwezenzo zokulungiswa kungokulandelayo:
- Aphakamise ingaphambili lemoto akhiphe isondo.
- Sisebenzisa isando neshizolo, siwisa ikepisi yokuhlobisa ukusuka kuhabhu.Siwisa ikepisi yokuzivikela nge-screwdriver noma i-chisel futhi siyisuse
- Sibeka isondo endaweni, sililungisa ngamabhawodi ambalwa.
- Siqinisa i-hub nut isikhashana esingu-2 kgf.m.Siqinisa i-hub nut isikhashana esingu-2 kgf.m
- Zungezisa isondo kwesokunxele nakwesokudla izikhathi ezimbalwa ukuze uziqondise ngokwakho amabheringi.
- Sikhulula i-hub nut, ngenkathi sinyakazisa isondo, siphinda isinyathelo sesi-3 sokuhlola ama-bearings. Udinga ukufeza ukuhlehla okungabonakali.
- Simisa i-nati nge-chisel, sigxilisa izintamo emigodini ku-axis ye-trunnion.Ukukhiya i-nati, sisebenzisa itshizi nesando, sigaxa izintamo ezikhala ku-eksisi.
Kunconywa ukufaka esikhundleni se-hub nut entsha ngesikhathi sokulungiswa kokuthwala, ngoba izinsimbi zingawela endaweni efanayo futhi ngeke kwenzeke ukukhiya ekuphendukeni.
Kumiselela ukuthwala
Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwama-bearings, ikheji, ama-rollers kanye namakheji ngokwawo aguga, ngakho-ke ingxenye kufanele ishintshwe kuphela. Ukuze wenze lokhu, uzodinga uhlu olufanayo lwamathuluzi njengalapho ulungisa imvume kuma-bearings, futhi udinga ukulungiselela:
- ukhiye ka-12 no-27;
- intshebe;
- ikhanda 17;
- i-crank;
- i-screwdriver esicaba;
- amafutha Litol-24.
Senza umsebenzi ngendlela elandelayo:
- Aphakamise ingaphambili lemoto akhiphe isondo.
- Siqaqa ama-brake pads kanye ne-caliper. Silungisa okokugcina ku-niche yesondo ukuvimbela ukungezwani kumapayipi ama-brake.Sisusa ama-brake pads kanye ne-caliper, siyilengise ngendlela ezoqeda ukungezwani kwamapayipi amabhuleki.
- Sikhulula i-hub nut, sisuse i-washer kanye nengxenye yangaphakathi yokuthwala.Khumula nati, susa iwasha kanye ne-hub bear
- Sisusa ihabhu kanye ne-brake disc ku-axis ye-trunnion.Ngemva kokukhipha i-nati, isala ukususa ihabhu emotweni
- Ngivula izikhonkwane ezimbili.Ihabhu lixhunywe kwi-brake disc ngezikhonkwane ezimbili, zikhulule
- Hlukanisa ihabhu kanye nediski yebhuleki ngendandatho yesikhala.Ngemva kokukhulula i-mount, sinqamula ihabhu, i-brake disc kanye ne-spacer ring
- Sikhipha amafutha amadala ngaphakathi kwehabhu nge-rag.
- Ukuqaqa umjaho wangaphandle we-bearing, silungisa ihabhu ku-vice bese sikhipha indandatho ngentshebe.Amakheji okuthwala akhishwa kusetshenziswa i-drill
- Sikhipha isiqeshana.Ikhipha iringi kuhabhu
- Sikhipha uphawu lwamafutha nge-screwdriver eyisicaba bese siyisusa kuhabhu, bese sikhipha umkhono okude ongaphansi kwawo.Gcoba nge-screwdriver bese ukhipha uphawu
- I-bearing efakwe ohlangothini lwangaphakathi lwehabhu idilizwa ngendlela efanayo.
- Ukukhweza izinhlanga zangaphandle zama-bearings amasha, sisebenzisa i-vise kanye namakheji afanayo kusuka kuma-bearings amadala njengesiqondiso.Nge-yew sicindezela iziqeshana zama-bearings amasha
- Uma kungekho i-vice, i-gasket yensimbi, njenge-chisel noma isando, ingasetshenziswa ukucindezela izindandatho.Amasongo angacindezelwa phakathi ngesando
- Sigcwalisa amafutha e-Litol-24 ngamagremu angaba ngu-40 ngaphakathi kwehabhu kanye nesihlukanisi sangaphakathi esithwala.Sifaka amafutha ngaphakathi kwehabhu kanye ne-bearing ngokwayo
- Sifaka i-internal bearing kanye ne-spacer kuhabhu, emva kwalokho sifaka amafutha ku-oil seal bese siyicindezela.Sicindezela indlala ngesando ngokusebenzisa i-spacer efanelekile
- Sifaka ihabhu kuphini, sigwema ukulimala kwe-lip seal.
- Sifaka amafutha bese sifaka ingxenye yangaphakathi ye-bearing yangaphandle, sibeke i-washer endaweni bese siqinisa i-hub nut.
- Silungisa imvume kuma-bearings futhi sibeke i-cap yokuzivikela, siyifake ngamafutha.
Ividiyo: ukushintshwa okuthwele isondo
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Yikuphi okufanele ukhethe
Abanikazi be-classic "Zhiguli" ngokushesha noma kamuva, kodwa kufanele babhekane nokushintshwa kwama-hub bearings kanye nendaba yokukhetha umkhiqizi. Namuhla kunezinkampani eziningi ezikhiqiza imikhiqizo yalolu hlobo. Kodwa kungcono ukunikeza okuthandayo kumikhiqizo enjalo:
- I-SKF;
- I-SNR;
- I-FAG;
- I-NTN;
- Ukufunda;
- KWI;
- I-NSK.
Imikhiqizo yalaba bakhiqizi ibonakala ngekhwalithi ephezulu futhi ihlangabezana nezidingo eziqinile kakhulu.
Uma sicabangela abakhiqizi basekhaya be-bearings, khona-ke labo bakhona. Ku-AvtoVAZ, ama-bearings ahlinzekwa ngu:
- Isithombe se-CJSC LADA singumphakeli wamasondo okuqala e-Lada emakethe yesibili;
- SPZ (Saratov Bearing Plant);
- Izinga leVolzhsky (isitshalo seVolzhsky);
- I-VBF (i-Vologda Bearing Plant);
- I-SPZ-9 (isitshalo saseSamara).
Caliper
Uma ucabangela i-chassis ye-VAZ "eyisithupha", i-caliper ye-brake ayikwazi ukushiywa ngaphandle kokunakwa. Lo mhlangano ugxunyekwe equlwini lokuqondisa, ubambe amabhuleki namasilinda amabhuleki asebenzayo ngokusebenzisa izimbobo ezifanele, izikhala kanye nemifantu. Kunembobo ekhethekile ku-caliper ye-brake disc. Ngokwesakhiwo, umkhiqizo wenziwa ngendlela yensimbi ye-monolithic. Lapho i-piston ye-cylinder ye-brake esebenzayo isebenza ku-brake pad, amandla adluliselwa ku-brake disc, okuholela ekunciphiseni nokumisa imoto. Uma kwenzeka ukuguqulwa kwe-caliper, okungenzeka ngomthelela onamandla, ama-brake pads agqoka ngokungalingani, okunciphisa kakhulu impilo yabo yesevisi.
I-caliper ingathola umonakalo wemvelo elandelayo:
- ukubonakala kwemifantu. Njengoba ingxenye ihlale ibhekene nemithwalo, imifantu ivela kuyo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngenxa yokukhathala kwensimbi. Lokhu kubonisa isidingo sokushintsha i-caliper, ngoba ayifanele ukubuyiselwa;
- ukwakheka kwama-oxide ezintweni ezihambayo. Amasilinda asebenzayo kancane kancane ambozwa ukungcola nefilimu ye-oxide, futhi ama-piston aqala ukugoqa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, okunciphisa ukusebenza kahle kwamabhuleki. Kulokhu, ukulungiswa noma ukushintshwa kwamasilinda kuyadingeka.
I-semi-axle yesondo elingemuva i-VAZ 2106
Ku-VAZ 2106, amasondo angemuva aboshwe nge-axle shafts. Ingxenye igxilile esitokisini se-axle yangemuva futhi iyingxenye yayo ebalulekile, njengoba i-axle shaft ehambisa ngokuzungeza isuka ku-gearbox iye emasondweni angemuva.
I-axle shaft iyingxenye ethembekile engahluleki. Isici esiyinhloko ngezinye izikhathi esidinga ukushintshwa yi-bearing.
Ngosizo lwayo, ukujikeleza okufanayo kwe-node ecatshangelwe ngesikhathi sokunyakaza kuqinisekiswa. Ukuthwala ukwehluleka kufana nezakhi zehabhu. Uma ingxenye ihluleka, inkinga ixazululwa ngokushintshwa.
Kumiselela ukuthwala
Ukuze ususe i-axle shaft bese ufaka esikhundleni sebhola, udinga ukulungiselela isethi ethile yamathuluzi:
- i-crank;
- ikhanda 17;
- isando;
- i-screwdriver esicaba;
- chisel;
- grinder;
- i-half shaft entsha eneringi yokugcina;
- i-blowtorch noma i-gas burner.
Isusa i-axle shaft
Ukudilizwa kwenziwa ngale ndlela elandelayo:
- Siphakamisa ingemuva lemoto ohlangothini olufunayo futhi sisuse isondo, kanye nesigubhu se-brake.
- Ukuze uvimbele ukuvuza kwamafutha ku-axle yangemuva, phakamisa unqenqema lwesitokisi ngejack.
- Ngekhola enamakhanda angu-17, khumula i-axle shaft mount.Ukuze ususe i-axle shaft, kuyadingeka ukukhulula amantongomane angu-4 ngekhanda le-17.
- Sisusa ama-washers aqoshiwe.Khipha ama-fasteners, susa ama-washer aqoshiwe
- Sikhweza i-axle shaft flange bese sikhipha i-axle shaft esitokisini. Ngalezi zinhloso, ungasebenzisa izindlela ezithuthukisiwe, isibonelo, ibhulokhi yokhuni nesando.Ngosizo lwe-axle puller, sikhipha i-axle shaft esitokisini se-asi yangemuva.
- Siqaqa i-axle shaft kanye ne-mounting plate, i-bearing and bushing.I-axle shaft ihlakazwa kanye ne-bearing, i-mounting plate kanye ne-bushing
- Khipha uphawu.I-Screwdriver Gcoba bese ususa uphawu
- Ngosizo lwamapulangwe, sikhipha indlala.Ukusebenzisa amapulangwe, susa uphawu lwe-axle shaft esitokisini
Ama-brake pads awaphazamisi ukukhishwa kwe-axle shaft, ngakho-ke awadingi ukuthintwa.
Ithwala ukudilizwa
Inqubo yokususa i-bearing iqukethe izinyathelo ezilandelayo:
- Silungisa i-half shaft ku-vice.
- Sisika indandatho nge-grinder.Sinquma umkhono nge-grinder
- Sihlukanisa indandatho ngesando kanye neshizolo, sishaya ku-notch.Siphula umkhono ngesando ne-chisel
- Sidonsa i-axle shaft kusuka ku-axle shaft. Uma lokhu kwehluleka, khona-ke ngosizo lwe-grinder sisika futhi sihlukanise isiqeshana sangaphandle, bese sihlakaza esangaphakathi.Sishaya i-axle shaft, sikhomba ibhulokhi yokhuni futhi sishaye ngesando.
- Sihlola isimo se-semi-eksisi. Uma kutholakala amaphutha (ukuguqulwa, izimpawu zokugqoka endaweni yokufaka i-bearing noma i-splines), i-axle shaft kufanele ishintshwe.Ngemuva kokukhipha i-bearing, kubalulekile ukubheka i-axle shaft ngomonakalo nokuguqulwa.
Ukufakwa kokuthwala
Faka ingxenye entsha kanje:
- Sikhipha ibhuthi ku-bearing entsha.Gcoba nge-screwdriver bese ususa ibhuthi yokufaka
- Sigcwalisa ukuthwala nge-Litol-24 grease noma okunye okunjalo.Sigcwalisa ukuthwala ngamafutha i-Litol-24 noma okufanayo
- Sibeka i-duster endaweni.
- Gcoba amafutha esihlalweni sokuthwala.Siphinde sigcobe isihlalo sokuthwala
- Sifaka i-bearing nge-boot ngaphandle, okungukuthi, ku-axle shaft flange, siyiqhube ngepayipi elifanele.
- Sishisa umkhono nge-blowtorch kuze kube yilapho kuvela ingubo emhlophe engxenyeni.Ukwenza kube lula ukufaka indandatho ku-axle shaft, ishiswa ngesishishi segesi noma i-blowtorch.
- Sithatha indandatho ngamapulangwe noma ama-pliers bese siyibeka ku-axle shaft.
- Sifaka umkhono eduze kwe-bearing, siwushaya ngesando.
- Silinde ukuthi iphole indandatho.Uma umkhono ufakwa, ake uphole.
- Sifaka uphawu olusha lwamafutha bese sifaka i-axle shaft endaweni yayo. Sihlangana ngokulandelana okuphambene.Ikhafu entsha ifakwa kusetshenziswa i-adaptha efanelekile.
Ividiyo: ukufaka esikhundleni se-semi-axial ku-"classic"
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Amahabhu anama-bearings nama-axle shafts we-VAZ 2106, nakuba anezici ezinokwethenjelwa, asengakwazi ukuhluleka ngenxa yokuchayeka njalo emithwalweni ephezulu. Inkinga ngokuyinhloko ihlobene nokugqoka kwama-bearings, umnikazi weZhiguli angakwazi ukufaka esikhundleni sakhe yedwa. Ukuze usebenze, uzodinga isipiliyoni esincane ekulungiseni imoto kanye nesethi encane yamathuluzi, futhi ukuze wenze konke okulungile futhi ugweme amaphutha, kufanele uqale ufunde imiyalelo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo.