Vaz 21011 injini: into esemqoka
Okuqukethwe
- Yiziphi izinjini ifakwe Vaz 21011
- Izici lobuchwepheshe injini Vaz 21011
- Iyiphi injini engafakwa ku-VAZ 21011 esikhundleni sefektri
- Ukungasebenzi kahle kwenjini ye-VAZ 21011
- Ukulungiswa kwenjini ye-VAZ 21011
Amandla amayunithi emotweni yokuqala yasekhaya i-VAZ 2101 ayehlukaniswa hhayi kuphela ngokuklama kwawo okulula nokuqondakalayo, kodwa futhi nokuqina kwawo okumangalisayo. Futhi namuhla kusekhona abashayeli abasebenza "penny" enjini "yendabuko" - kuyadingeka kuphela ukufeza ukugcinwa kwayo ngesikhathi futhi ugcwalise ngephethiloli ephezulu.
Yiziphi izinjini ifakwe Vaz 21011
I-VAZ yokuqala ezweni lethu yaqala ukukhiqizwa ngo-1970. Izinhlobo ezimbili zezinjini zenzelwe imishini:
- I-2101;
- 21011.
Uhlobo lokuqala - 2101 - lwaqhubeka ngendlela eyakhayo amasiko e-Italian Fiat-124, nakuba yahlelwa kabusha ukuze ihlangabezane nezidingo nemigomo yemboni yezimoto yasekhaya. Ivolumu yenjini yayiyi-1.2 amalitha, eyanele amandla angu-64 amahhashi. Ekuqaleni kwawo-1970, lokhu kwakwanele.
Uhlobo lwesibili - 21011 - lwalunamandla futhi luthembekile kunomnikeli walo. I-valve eyisishiyagalombili 1.3 injini 21011 yaqala ukufakwa ku-VAZ ngo-1974 futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi ibhekwa njengemishini ethandwa kakhulu "yepeni".
Izici lobuchwepheshe injini Vaz 21011
Iyunithi amandla Vaz 21011 nesisindo esiningi - 114 kilogram ngaphandle Lubrication. Ukuhlelwa kwe-in-line kwamasilinda amane kwakuyinketho yakudala yokuqedela injini. Ububanzi be-piston babungu-79 mm (okungukuthi, ubukhulu bukhuphuke kancane uma kuqhathaniswa nohlobo lwe-2101 motor).
Mangisho ukuthi umenzi umemezele insiza injini amakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane 120, kodwa umkhuba, abashayeli babeqiniseka ukuthi lesi sibalo ephansi kakhulu. Ngokusebenza kahle, injini ye-VAZ 21011 ayizange ibangele izinkinga phakathi namakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingu-200 zokuqala.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha enjini yokuqala ye-carbureted ngo-21011 yayinkulu - cishe amalitha angu-9.5 kumodi yokushayela exubile. Nokho, ngenxa yentengo encane kaphethiloli, abanikazi abazange bathwale izindleko ezinkulu zokunakekela “umngane wabo onamasondo amane”.
Ngokuvamile, iyunithi yamandla ye-VAZ 21011 iyinjini ye-AvtoVAZ yakudala ene-cast-iron block kanye nekhanda le-aluminium.
Ithebula: izici eziyinhloko Vaz 2101 futhi Vaz 21011 izinjini
| Izikhundla | Izinkomba | |
| VAZ 2101 | VAZ 21011 | |
| Uhlobo lukaphethiloli | I-petroli A-76, AI-92 | I-petroli I-AI-93 |
| idivayisi yomjovo | Carburetor | |
| Impahla yebhulokhi eyisilinda | Insimbi | |
| Impahla yekhanda lesilinda | I-aluminium alloy | |
| Isisindo kg | 114 | |
| Ukuhlelwa kwesilinda | Umugqa | |
| Inombolo yamasilinda, ama-pcs | 4 | |
| Ububanzi bepiston, mm | 76 | 79 |
| Ubukhulu bokunyakaza kwe-piston, mm | 66 | |
| Ububanzi besilinda, mm | 76 | 79 |
| Ukusebenza ivolumu, cm3 | 1198 | 1294 |
| Amandla amakhulu, l. Nge. | 64 | 69 |
| I-Torque, Nm | 87,3 | 94 |
| Isilinganiso sokucindezela | 8,5 | 8,8 |
| Ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli okuxubile, l | 9,2 | 9,5 |
| Isisetshenziswa senjini esimenyezelwe, inkulungwane yamakhilomitha. | 200000 | 125000 |
| Insiza esebenzayo, izinkulungwane zamakhilomitha. | 500000 | 200000 |
| I-Camshaft | ||
| indawo | phezulu | |
| ububanzi besigaba sokusabalalisa igesi, 0 | 232 | |
| i-exhaust valve advance angle, 0 | 42 | |
| i-valve yokungena, i-0 | 40 | |
| ububanzi bendlala, mm | 56 futhi 40 | |
| ububanzi bezindlala, mm | 7 | |
| I-Crankshaft | ||
| Ububanzi bentamo, mm | 50,795 | |
| Inombolo yama-bearings, ama-pcs | 5 | |
| Flywheel | ||
| ububanzi obungaphandle, mm | 277,5 | |
| ububanzi bokufika, mm | 256,795 | |
| inombolo yamazinyo omqhele, ama-pcs | 129 | |
| isisindo, g | 620 | |
| Amafutha enjini anconyiwe | 5W30, 15W40 | 5W30, 5W40, 10W40, 15W40 |
| Umthamo kawoyela wenjini, l | 3,75 | |
| Isipholile esinconyiwe | I-Antifreeze | |
| Inani lokupholisa, l | 9,75 | |
| Isikhathi sokushayela | Iketango, umugqa okabili | |
| Ukuhleleka kwamasilinda | 1–3–4–2 | |
Iyiphi injini engafakwa ku-VAZ 21011 esikhundleni sefektri
I-VAZ 21011 iyindlela enhle yokulungisa abathanda, njengoba imoto inomklamo olula kangangokuthi kungenzeka ukuyiguqula ibe yinoma yini ngaphandle kokuguqulwa okukhulu. Okufanayo kusebenza endaweni yenjini: izimfundamakhwela zingafaka injini enamandla kakhulu ngaphandle kokusebenzisa usizo lochwepheshe benkonzo yemoto.
Nokho, udinga ukwazi isilinganiso kukho konke: umzimba Vaz 21011 yakhelwe imithwalo ethile, futhi ngenxa yalokho injini esindayo-duty ungakwazi ukumane uklebhule imoto. Ngakho-ke, lapho ukhetha enye injini, kungcono ukunaka izinketho ezifanayo zesakhiwo.
Izinjini ezivela ku-VAZ
Yiqiniso, lena indlela engcono kakhulu yokwandisa "i-penny" yakho, ngoba izinjini "ezihlobene" zifaneleka cishe kuzo zonke izici ze-VAZ 21011. Izinjini ezivela ku-2106, 2107, 2112 ngisho naku-2170 zibhekwa njengelungele ukufakwa. okubalulekile ukuthi alingane nezigigaba " amapeni "futhi ahlangane kahle no-gearbox.
Amayunithi amandla ezimotweni zakwamanye amazwe
Njengoba cishe akukho ukulungiswa "kupeni" ungakwazi ukufaka izinjini zikaphethiloli 1.6 no-2.0 kwaFiat.
Uma ufuna indlela yokudala eyengeziwe, khona-ke ukufakwa kwamayunithi kagesi kwaRenault Logan noma iMitsubishi Galant nakho kuvunyelwe. Nokho lezi zinjini zizodinga ukufakwa ziphelele no-gearbox.
Abalandeli bokuhlolwa baphinde bafake izinjini zikadizili "kupeni". Kodwa-ke, namuhla inhlanganisela enjalo ayikwazi ukubhekwa njengefanelekile ngenxa yokweqa okubukhali kwamanani kaphethiloli we-diesel kuzo zonke izifunda zezwe.
Ukungasebenzi kahle kwenjini ye-VAZ 21011
Sesivele sabhala ukuthi ukuhluka kokuqala kwezinjini ze-VAZ 2101 no-21011 zisabhekwa njengenye yezinto ezihlala njalo futhi ezinokwethenjelwa. Nokho, njenganoma iyiphi idivayisi yezobuchwepheshe, ngisho nemoto ezinzile ngokushesha noma kamuva iqala "ukuthatha isinyathelo".
Izimpawu eziyinhloko zalezi "whims", okungukuthi, ukungasebenzi kahle kwesikhathi esizayo, yizici ezilandelayo:
- ukungakwazi ukuqalisa injini;
- ukusebenza okungalingani kwenjini ngokungenzi lutho;
- ukunciphisa izici zamandla;
- ukushisa ngokushesha;
- kutholakale imisindo nokungqongqoza;
- ukubonakala kokukhipha okumhlophe.
Ividiyo: ukuthi imoto esebenzayo kufanele isebenze kanjani "kupeni"
Ngayinye yalezi zici akusho izinkinga injini, kodwa inhlanganisela yabo kubonisa ukuthi injini 21011 cishe ukwehluleka.
Ayikwazi ukuqala
Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ukuntuleka kwempendulo yemoto ekuphenduleni ukhiye kumshini wokuthungela kuyinkinga yomhlaba wonke. Ngakho, isibonelo, uma isiqalisi siphenduka, futhi injini ingaphenduli nganoma iyiphi indlela, khona-ke ukuwohloka kungafihlwa kunoma iyiphi yalezi zici:
- ikhoyili yokuthungela;
- indawo yokusabalalisa;
- isiphazamisi;
- isifunda sokushisa (isifunda esifushane);
- iphampu kaphethiloli;
- ukufakwa kwe-carburetor.
Ngakho-ke, uma kungenakwenzeka ukuqala injini, akufanele ugijimele esitolo sezimoto ngokushesha futhi uthenge zonke lezi zinto ukuze zifakwe esikhundleni. Isinyathelo sokuqala ukuhlola ubukhona be-voltage kukhoyili (ukuthi amandla aphuma ebhethrini). Okulandelayo, umhloli ovamile ukala i-voltage kumanodi asele. Kuphela ngemva kwalokho kufanelekile ukuqala ukubheka izinkinga empompini kaphethiloli kanye nokufakwa kwe-carburetor.
Ividiyo: yini okufanele uyenze uma injini ingaqali
Ukungenzi lutho okungalingani
Uma “ipeni” lizwakala lingazinzile ngokwedlulele lapho injini ingenzi lutho, inkinga ingase ibangelwe ukungasebenzi kahle komlilo noma amasistimu kagesi. Ngokuzenzakalelayo, ukungazinzi kwemisebenzi yenjini ka-21011 kuvame ukuhlotshaniswa nalokhu:
- ukwephulwa kwe-valve ye-solenoid yokufakwa kwe-carburetor;
- ukuvinjelwa okukhulu kwezinto zokuhlunga ohlelweni lwe-fuel-air;
- ukwephulwa ekwakhekeni kwengxube evuthayo ku-carburetor;
- ama-spark plugs anamathelayo;
- i-oxidation / ukushiswa koxhumana nabo benethiwekhi;
- i-wire break.
Kunoma yikuphi, kufanelekile ukuqala ukuxazulula inkinga ngokubheka isistimu yokuthungela.
Ividiyo: ukusebenza okungazinzile kwenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi
Ukuncishiswa kwamandla
Ekuqaleni, umshayeli angase abone ukuncipha kokudonsa kwenjini kuphela lapho ekhuphuka noma edlula. Kamuva, ubunzima ekuthatheni isivinini kungaba inkinga evamile imoto.
Ukunciphisa amandla eyunithi yamandla kuhlotshaniswa nokungasebenzi kahle okulandelayo:
- ukwephulwa kwephampu yamafutha;
- ukuvinjelwa okukhulu kwesici sokuhlunga ohlelweni lukaphethiloli;
- ukungasebenzi kahle ekubunjweni kwekhwalithi yengxube evuthayo;
- ukutholakala kwezikhala ezinkulu phakathi koxhumana nabo be-breaker;
- ukukhiqizwa kwepiston.
Kuyafaneleka ukusho ukuthi into yokuqala lapho uhlola ukuhlola ukuthi izimpawu zesikhathi ziyahambelana yini nokuthi isikhathi sokuthungela sisethwe ngokunembe kangakanani. Kuphela ngemva kwalokho ungaqala ukuhlola ukusebenza kwamanye ama-node "asolwa".
Ividiyo: ukulahleka kokudonsa, okufanele ukwenze
Ukushisa okusheshayo kwe-motor
Injini kufanele ihlale ishisa ngesikhathi sokusebenza okujwayelekile - izinga lokushisa elilinganiselwe le-VAZ 21011 liyi-90 degrees Celsius. Nokho, uma umcibisholo wezinga lokushisa lenjini kudeshibhodi ushibilika engxenyeni ebomvu kaningi ngaphandle kwesizathu esibonakalayo, lena i-alamu.
Kwenqatshelwe ngokuphelele ukuqhubeka nokushayela lapho injini ishisa kakhulu! Lokhu kuzoholela ekushisweni kwe-cylinder block gasket futhi ngokushesha ekuhlulekeni kweqembu le-piston.
Ukushisa ngokweqile kwemoto kungabangelwa:
- ukwephulwa kwe-thermostat;
- ukungasebenzi kahle kwephampu yamanzi;
- ukungabikho kwe-antifreeze ku-tank yokwandisa;
- ukuvinjelwa okukhulu kwe-radiator;
- ibhande eliphukile le-radiator fan drive.
Ngokushesha nje lapho umcibisholo we-thermostat ungena emkhakheni obomvu, udinga ukuma futhi uhlole izinga le-antifreeze ohlelweni. Uma uketshezi lusezingeni, kuzodingeka ubheke imbangela yangempela yokushisa kwenjini.
Ividiyo: izimbangela zokushisa ngokweqile nezenzo zomshayeli
Imisindo engavamile kanye nokungqongqoza
Injini ye-VAZ 21011 ayikwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi ithule: ngesikhathi sokusebenza, yenza imisindo ehlukahlukene. Nokho, umshayeli oqaphile uyakwazi ukuzwa ukungqongqoza okungajwayelekile nemisindo enomsindo ojwayelekile. Ku-21011 lokhu okulandelayo:
- ukushaya ama-valve;
- ukuthwala imithelela;
- iminwe yepiston etshiyozayo;
- ukukhwashaza okukhulu kweketango lesikhathi.
Yonke le miphumela yomsindo ongaphandle ayizenzeki ngokwazo: imvamisa ihlotshaniswa nokuguga okunzima kwezingxenye nama-assemblies. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukushintsha izindlela ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.
Ividiyo: ukushaya kwenjini
Ukulungiswa kwenjini ye-VAZ 21011
Noma yimuphi umsebenzi wokulungisa injini ye-VAZ 21011 wenziwa kuphela ngemva kokuba iyunithi ikhishwe emotweni.
Indlela ukususa injini
Injini ye-VAZ 21011 inesisindo esingamakhilogremu angu-114, ngakho uzodinga usizo lwabantu okungenani ababili noma i-winch. Ngokwesiko, uzodinga ukulungiselela inqubo:
- Lungiselela kusengaphambili imbobo yokubuka noma i-overpass yomsebenzi.
- Kungcono ukusebenzisa i-hoist (idivayisi yokuphakamisa) noma iwintshi enentambo ethembekile ukudonsa injini esindayo.
- Hlola isethi yama-wrenches ngokuphelela.
- Qiniseka ukuthi ulungisa i-Phillips ne-screwdriver eyisicaba.
- Thola isitsha esihlanzekile sokukhipha i-antifreeze (isitsha noma ibhakede elinomthamo wamalitha ama-5 noma ngaphezulu).
- Umaka wokuqokwa.
- Izingubo zokulala ezimbili ezindala noma amanikiniki okuvikela izinsimbi zangaphambili zemoto lapho ususa injini esindayo.
Inqubo yokudiliza injini ku "penny" imi kanje:
- Shayela imoto emgodini wokubuka, lungisa amasondo ngokuphephile.
Umshini kufanele ufakwe ngokuphepha kakhulu emgodini - Khipha amantongomane avikela i-hood kuma-canopies, susa i-hood eceleni. Ukuze ungenzi iphutha ngokubeka izikhala kamuva, kungcono ukumaka ngokushesha ama-contours we-canopies ngomaka.
- Vala izinsimbi zangaphambili zomshini ngezingqimba eziningana zamanikiniki noma izingubo zokulala.
- Khipha ipulaki yokukhipha amanzi ebhulokhini lenjini bese ukhipha isinqanda-qhwa kuso usifake esitsheni.I-Antifreeze kufanele ikhishwe kuze kube yiconsi yokugcina
- Khulula izinsimbi kumapayipi erediyetha, susa amapayipi uwasuse.
- Nqamula izintambo kuma-spark plug, isisabalalisi nenzwa yomfutho kawoyela.Amakhandlela awadingi ukususwa, vele ususe i-wiring kuwo
- Khulula izinsimbi kumapayipi olayini bamafutha. Susa yonke imigqa eholela epompo, isihlungi kanye ne-carburetor.
- Nqamula amatheminali ebhethri bese ukhipha ibhethri emotweni.Ibhethri kufanele likhishwe ukugwema ingozi yokushaqeka ngogesi.
- Khipha ipayipi lokukhipha ku-multifold exhaust ngokukhulula izibophelelo ezimbili kuma-studs.
- Khumula amantongomane okulungisa iziqalisi ezintathu, khipha idivayisi kusokhethi.
- Khipha izixhumi ezimbili zamabhawodi angenhla e-gearbox uye enjini.
- Nqamula amapayipi kurediyetha.Kuyadingeka ukususa wonke amapayipi nemigqa
- Susa wonke amadrayivu endaweni ye-carburettor mechanism.
- Kusukela ngaphansi kwemoto, qaqa isilinda se-clutch (susa umshini wokuhlanganisa intwasahlobo bese uqaqa izixhumi ezimbili zokubopha).Isilinda se-clutch ngeke sivumele ukuthi injini ikhishwe, ngakho-ke kufanele ikhishwe kuqala
- Khumula amabhawodi amabili aphansi uvikele u-gearbox enjini.
- Khipha wonke amabhawodi avikela injini kuzisekelo.
- Phonsa amabhande e-hoist noma iwintshi ku-motor. Qinisekisa ukuthi uhlola ukwethembeka kwe-girth.I-hoist izokuvumela ukuthi ususe ngokuphepha injini bese uyibeka eceleni
- Phakamisa kancane injini nge-hoist, uqaphele ukuthi ungayixegi, uyibeke etafuleni noma endaweni enkulu yokumisa.
Ngemuva kwalokho, kuzodingeka uhlanze indawo yenjini ekuvuzeni kwamanzi asebenzayo (sula ngendwangu ehlanzekile, emanzi). Ungaqala umsebenzi wokulungisa.
Ividiyo: indlela yokudiliza kahle injini "kupeni"
Ukushintsha ama-earbud
Ukuze ushintshe ama-liner motor kusuka ku-VAZ 21011, udinga kuphela isethi yama-wrenches nama-screwdrivers, kanye ne-wrench torque ne-chisel. I-oda lomsebenzi imi kanje:
- Khipha ipulaki yokukhipha amanzi ngezansi bese ukhipha amafutha ku-sump.
- Khumula izinto zokubopha zephalethi bese uzibeka eceleni.
- Susa i-carburetor kanye nomsabalalisi enjinini ngokukhulula wonke amabhawodi wokubopha kwawo.
- Khumula amantongomane angu-8 uvikele ikhava yekhanda yesilinda, susa isembozo bese usibeka eceleni.
- Susa i-gasket kusuka kukhava.Ama-gaskets angashisa, ngakho-ke ngeke kube lula ukuwasusa
- Sebenzisa itshiseli ne-screwdriver ukugoba isivalo sebhowudi ye-camshaft sprocket.
- Khumula ibhawodi bese ulikhipha kanye namawasha.
- Susa i-timing chain tensioner ngokukhulula amantongomane angu-2.
- Susa i-sprocket neketanga bese uyibeka eceleni.
- Khipha amantongomane uvikele i-camshaft enezindlu.
- Susa izindlu kanye ne-shaft.
- Khipha amakepisi wenduku yokuxhuma.
- Susa izembozo kanye namalayini awo.
- Susa okufakiwe nge-screwdriver.Isici esichithiwe singalahlwa
Esikhundleni samalayini amadala, faka amasha, njengoba uke wahlanza indawo yokufika ngophethiloli ongcolile kanye nensipho. Bese uhlanganisa injini ngokulandelana okuphambene.
Esikhundleni samasongo e-piston
Ukuze uqedele lo msebenzi, uzodinga isethi efanayo yamathuluzi njengoba kuchazwe ngenhla, kanye ne-vise kanye nebhentshi lokusebenza. I-mandrel ekhethekile ye-"VAZ" yokucindezela ama-pistons ngeke ibe yinto engafaneleki.
Emotweni ehlakaziwe (bheka imiyalelo engenhla), lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo kufanele zenziwe:
- Phusha wonke ama-piston ngezinduku zokuxhuma ngaphandle kwebhulokhi ngayinye ngayinye.
- Gcoba induku yokuxhuma nge-vise, ususe izindandatho kuwo ngamapulangwe.Ezimweni ezingavamile, indandatho ingasuswa kalula futhi ngaphandle kwe-vice
- Hlanza izindawo zamaphistoni ekungcoleni nasensini ngophethiloli.
- Faka izindandatho ezintsha, uziqondise kahle izingidi zazo.Kubalulekile ukuqondisa wonke amamaki eringini nasepiston
- Sebenzisa i-mandrel ukufaka ama-piston ngamasongo amasha abuyele kumasilinda.
Ukusebenza kwephampu kawoyela
Umnikazi wemoto udinga ukwazi ukuthi umsebenzi wokulungisa iphampu kawoyela kungenzeka ngaphandle kokudiliza injini. Nokho, uma injini yethu isivele ikhishiwe futhi yahlakazwa, kungani-ke ungalungisi iphampu yamafutha ngesikhathi esifanayo?
Uhlelo lomsebenzi lumi kanje:
- Khipha ukuxhumana okubili okunamabhawudi uvikele iphampu enjinini.
- Susa iphampu kanye ne-gasket yayo.Idivayisi inomklamo olula kakhulu.
- Khipha ipayipi lokungenisa uwoyela ngokukhulula amabhawodi amathathu alivikela endaweni yephampu kawoyela.
- Susa i-valve nge-spring.
- Khipha ikhava yepompo.
- Donsa igiya lokushayela liphume emgodini.
- Akhiphe igiya lesibili.
- Yenza ukuhlola okubonakalayo kwezingxenye. Uma ikhava, ingaphezulu noma amagiya ekhombisa ukuguga okukhulu noma yimuphi umonakalo, lezi zinto zizodinga ukushintshwa.Wonke umonakalo nezimpawu zokuguga zizobonakala ngokushesha
- Ngemva kokufaka esikhundleni, hlanza i-mesh ye-intake ngophethiloli.
- Hlanganisa iphampu ngokulandelana okuphambene.
Injini ye-VAZ 21011, enomklamo olula, isadinga indlela yochwepheshe yokulungisa nokugcinwa. Ngakho-ke, uma ungenalo ulwazi kule ndawo, kungcono ukuxhumana nochwepheshe besiteshi sesevisi.
