I-steering rack: iyini nokuthi isebenza kanjani

Noma iyiphi imoto inezinhlelo eziningana zokhiye, ngaphandle kokusebenza kwayo okungavunyelwe, noma umshayeli ngeke aphumelele. Phakathi kwezinhlelo ezinjalo ukuqondisa. Ingxenye esemqoka yalesi simiso yirack steering.

Ake sicabangele ngokuningiliziwe isakhiwo sayo, isimiso sokusebenza, izinhlobo zesikhulisi, kanye nokunye ukungasebenzi kahle okujwayelekile komshini.

Umlando wokwakhiwa kwesiteringi samandla

Abamele bokuqala bezimoto ezinamasondo amane babene-steering sakudala. Amasondo ajikelezayo ayemiswe ngogongolo olulodwa, olwalunamathiselwe emzimbeni kuphela engxenyeni emaphakathi kwihenjisi - ngokomgomo wezokuthutha ezidonswa yihhashi.

Umshini onjalo awuzange uvumele izinqola ezizihambelayo ukuba zikwazi ukuhamba, futhi irediyasi yokujika yayinkulu kakhulu ukuthi imoto ingaphenduka ijike ngokuphelele kwenye indawo esigcawini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akukho ukuqondisa amandla okudingekayo ukuqedela ithuba.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kwenziwe izinguquko ohlelweni lokuqondisa ukunciphisa i-engeli yokushayela yemoto. Ukwenza kube lula kumshayeli (isikhathi ngasinye lapho okusungulwayo kwenza isiteringi sijike siqine), izinketho ezahlukahlukene zenziwa, kusuka ekukhuliseni ububanzi besiteringi uqobo kuze kufike izinhlobo ezahlukene zamagiya ohlelweni.

Njengomphumela weminyaka eminingi yokulinga nokwenza amaphutha, onjiniyela baphethe ngokuthi ukuhlelwa kwesitaki sokuqondisa kuyincazelo yegolide phakathi kokulula, ukutholakala ne-torque eyandisiwe kusuka esiteringini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le divayisi iyahambisana nokuqondisa amandla.

Ukuthi isebenza kanjani

I-rack emshinini ivezwa ngesimo sebha enamazinyo. Ixhunywe kumshini wokujika amasondo ayo. Ishayelwa nge-shaft ikholomu shaft isebenzisa igiya noma igiya lesibungu.

Lapho isiteringi siphenduliwe, igiya lekholomu lihambisa ibha kuye ngokuthi isondo lokuqondisa liphendukele ngakuphi. Emaphethelweni omugqa, izinduku zokuqondisa zimisiwe, nazo ezixhunywe kumshini wokuhlanganisa ojikelezayo wesondo ngalinye lokuqondisa.

Amaraki wokushayela amaningi anamuhla afakwe ne-amplifier ukwenza isondo lokushayela liphenduke libe lula. Ngenxa yokwethulwa kwale ndlela, induduzo nokuphepha ezimotweni kuye kwanda.

Idivayisi nezinto eziyinhloko

Esikhathini esiningi, ukusetshenziswa kwe-rack ne-pinion steering kusetshenziswa ezimotweni. Idivayisi yaleyo ndlela ihlanganisa:

• Isiteringi - sisegumbini lemoto. Ngosizo lwayo, umshayeli ubeka lapho imoto ihamba khona;
• Ikholomu lokuqondisa - libukeka njengenduku yensimbi okuhanjiswa ngayo i-torque isuka esiteringini. Ngenxa yezizathu zokuphepha, le element inamalungu ama-cardan eyodwa noma amaningi (ekushayisaneni ngamakhanda, ikholomu lokuqondisa lisongwe ezindaweni eziningi, okuvimbela ukulimala esifubeni somshayeli);
• I-rack steering rack. La mazinyo asebenza nge-worm shaft yekholamu yokuqondisa. Ukwakhiwa kusecaleni lensimbi;
• Izinduku zokuqondisa - izinduku ezinamathele kuzo zombili iziphetho zesitimela ngokuxhumeka okuhlanganisiwe Kukhona intambo emaphethelweni enduku, okufuthwa kuyo izeluleko ezinamahinji.
• Izeluleko zokuqondisa ziyishubhu elingenalutho, ohlangothini olulodwa okwenziwe ngalo intambo yangaphakathi (induku yokuqondisa ifakwa kuyo), futhi kolunye - ihenjisi elixhunywe kunkenenezo wesondo.

Ezinye ukuguqulwa yokubeka yokubeka ifakwe damper. Itholakala phakathi komzimba we-rack nezinduku. Inhloso yale ngxenye ukunciphisa ukudlidlizela okuvela emasondweni lapho imoto iqhutshwa ezindaweni ezingalingani zomgwaqo. Ngokuvamile, le nto ifakwa kojantshi bama-SUV.

Izinhlobo nezinguqulo

Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, izinto ezibalulekile zerack steering azikashintshi amashumi amaningi eminyaka. Kwenziwe kuphela ukulungiswa okuncane kulo mshini, kepha umgomo uhlala unjalo.

Ukuphela kwento ehlukanisa wonke amayunithi alolu hlobo yi-amplifier drive. Kukhona ukulungiswa okusha okuphelele. Ake sicabangele izici ngamunye wabo.

Indawo yokubeka imishini

Lokhu kuguqulwa kuyinto yakudala. Zonke izimoto zazihlome ngayo kuze kube umzuzu lapho kwakhiwa ama-hydraulic and electric amplifiers. Umshini wokuqondisa owuhlobo olulula kakhulu lwedivayisi. Ngenxa yamazinyo amancane kanye nesiteringi esikhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nawo, umshayeli akudingeki ukuthi enze umzamo omkhulu wokujika imoto.

Kukhona ama-steering racks anezilinganiso zamagiya ezehlukene. Ukudluliswa kwegiya nge-amplitude encane kwenziwa enkabeni yebha, futhi le nkomba iyanda emaphethelweni. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ngisho nangaphezulu ukuthi umshayeli ashintshe isiteringi uma siqala phansi noma uma sima ekhoneni ngejubane elikhulu. Futhi ezindaweni zokupaka izimoto, lapho amasondo edinga ukukhishwa kuyo yonke indlela, umshayeli akadingi ukujikisa isiteringi kaningi.

Umugqa we-hydraulic steering

Lokhu kuguqulwa kwehlukile kunokwedlule ukuthi idivayisi yayo inendlela eyengeziwe, ngenxa yesenzo se-hydraulic. Funda kabanzi mayelana nenqubo yokusebenza kwe-hydraulic booster. lapha.

I-booster hydraulic inikeza ubushelelezi futhi ngasikhathi sinye ukubukhali kwempendulo yesitaki sokushayela ngenkathi ushayela ngejubane elihlukile futhi emotweni emile. Le booster iphinde inikeze ukuphepha okwengeziwe lapho imoto isenkingeni. Kulokhu, amathuba okuthi uma ushaya ngokungalingani isondo lokushayela lizokhipha ezandleni zomshayeli mancane kakhulu.

Indawo yokushayela kagesi

Ujantshi kagesi uyisikhulisi esifanayo. Esikhundleni se-hydraulic drive, isakhiwo semoto kagesi sifakwa ekwakhiweni kwaso, okuthuthukisa ukuhamba kweraki lokuqondisa.

Ekushintsheni kwesabelomali se-booster kagesi, imoto isekholamu yokuqondisa. Inketho ephephe kunazo zonke kubhekwa ukuthi inesikhulisi sikagesi esifakwe kujantshi uqobo. Lokhu ukuguqulwa ifakiwe iphakethe izimoto premium.

Inketho yokuqala iyona engaphephile kakhulu, ngoba uma i-amplifier ihluleka, ukuqhubeka nokusebenza imoto kuzocishe kube nzima.

Uma kuqhathaniswa nokuqondisa amandla, isitimela sikagesi sinezinzuzo eziningana:

• Ukusebenza kahle okukhulu;
• Kusetshenziswa imithombo emincane yemoto - uketshezi olusebenzayo luzungeza esiteringini samandla njalo, ngoba ipompo drive ixhunywe kwi-crankshaft pulley futhi icishwa kuphela lapho injini icishiwe. I-booster kagesi isebenza kuphela lapho isondo lokushayela livuliwe;
• Ukusebenza komshini akuxhomekile ekushiseni komoya (akudingekile ukufudumeza uketshezi ukwandisa uketshezi kwalo);
• Ukunakwa okuncane kuyadingeka ekunakekelweni - asikho isidingo sokuqapha izinga likawoyela, njengoba umshini usebenza kumgomo ohlukile;
• Le divayisi ifaka izimpawu ezincane ezimbalwa, futhi awekho amapayipi, izimpawu ezingakwazi ukumelana nengcindezi ephezulu. Ngenxa yalokhu, lo mshini unokwethenjelwa ukwedlula ukuqondisa amandla.

Ukungasebenzi kahle okuyinhloko kwe-rack steering

Lezi zimpawu ezilandelayo zibonisa ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-rack steering:

• Uma ushayela emgwaqweni ongavikelekile kahle, kuqhuma umuntu ongqongqozayo, onyamalala lapho isiteringi siphendulwa kakhulu;
• Ukunciphisa noma ukungabi khona kwemizamo lapho ujikisa isondo lokushayela noma usendaweni yalo emaphakathi;
• Isiteringi siyaziphendulela;
• Ngemuva kokuphenduka, isondo lokushayela libuyela ngokuqinile endaweni yalo yokuqala, noma, kufanele liphendulwe ngenkani;
• Ngobubanzi besondo lokushayela elincane, amasondo ngokwawo ajika kakhulu kunakuqala;
• Ukudlala kwesiteringi kuye kwanda;
• Ukwehla kancane kwesondo lokushayela lapho ushayela ngaphezulu kwamaqhubu;
• Uma imoto ifakwe i-hydraulic booster, uketshezi lugeleza luvela ngaphansi kophawu lwamafutha, ibhuthi noma ezinye izinto zomshini zinokungcola kukawoyela.

Uma kuvela okungenani eyodwa yezimpawu ezisohlwini, kufanele uxilonge idivayisi futhi uyilungise ngokushesha. Imvamisa kwanele ukuthenga ikhithi yokulungisa bese ufaka lonke uphawu, ama-gaskets nama-anthers ukuze idivayisi iqale ukusebenza kahle.

Nakhu okweqile kokuphazamiseka kokushayela kanye nezinketho zokulungisa:

Ukungasebenzi kahle	Ungayilungisa kanjani
Ukusebenza ngaphandle kwamazinyo ebha noma kushaft	Ukubuyiselwa kwezinto ezinjalo akunakwenzeka, ngakho-ke kuthathelwa indawo ezinye.
Ukuqhekeka kwezindlu zokubeka impahla	Indlela ishintshwe ngokuphelele
Ukubhujiswa kwe-anthers (ukungcola nesihlabathi kungena ngaphakathi komshini, okuholela ekwakhiweni noma ekugqokeni kwezingxenye zensimbi)	Ukufaka okunye kokufaka uphawu kusuka kukhithi yokulungisa
Ukuguqulwa noma ukwehlukana kwezinduku zokubopha noma amathiphu	Izingxenye ezilimele zithathelwa indawo
I-bushing igugile noma iphukile, okwenza umdlalo kukholamu yokuqondisa	Esikhundleni bushing

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ividiyo ikhuluma ngokuwohloka nezinketho zokulungisa amaraki wokuqondisa:

I-steering rack: yini ephuka futhi ilungiswa kanjani?

Ukuvimbela ukungasebenzi kahle

Indawo yokubeka iyindlela ethembekile futhi ezinzile. Ukuwohloka kwayo kwenzeka kaningi kungenxa yokusebenza ngokungafanele kwemoto, noma ngenxa yokungathobeli uhlelo lokulungisa olujwayelekile.

Ukunweba impilo yale ndlela, kufanele unamathele emithethweni elula:

• Lapho ushayela emigwaqweni engalingani, yehlisa ijubane lemoto ukuze kungabi khona ukushaqeka okuncane emshinini wokuqondisa;
• Shiya imoto emile enamasondo aqondile;
• Ungasiphendukisi isiteringi kuyo yonke indlela (uma kukhona isitering samandla, kuzwakala ukukhwishiza noma ukuhhumuzela okuvela kupampu yokukhulisa umsindo), futhi ungasibambi kule ndawo isikhathi esingaphezu kwemizuzwana emi-5;
• Shintsha uwoyela echibini lokuqondisa amandla ngesikhathi, lawula izinga lale ketshezi;
• Ngezikhathi ezithile yenza ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo kwama-anthers nezimpawu;
• Fudumeza isitering samandla ngokujika isondo amahlandla ambalwa kuzindlela zombili ngaphambi kokushayela.

Ukusebenza kahle kwerack steering kuthinta ngqo ukuphepha ngenkathi imoto ihamba, ngakho-ke awukwazi ukuwashalazela ama-alamu akhombisa ukungasebenzi kahle kwemishini.

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

Yini i-steering rack? Yindlela i-torque edonsa ngayo isuka esiteringini iye esiteringini samasondo. Ikholomu yokuqondisa iguqula ukunyakaza okujikelezayo kube ukunyakaza okulandelanayo.

Kwenzekani uma isibaya sokuqondisa siphuka? Ukungasebenzi kahle kwama-steering rack kuholela ekudlaleni kokuqondisa okwedlulele, okungaholela esimeni esiphuthumayo emgwaqeni. Nge-rack steering rack enephutha, ukuhamba kahle komshini kuyalahleka.

Irekhi yokuqondisa ihamba isikhathi esingakanani? Kuncike ekuklanyweni kwayo: hlobo luni lwe-amplifier olukuyo, hlobo luni lokudlulisela olusetshenziswayo. Abanye babo bahambela izinkulungwane ezingama-70-80, kanti abanye basebenza njalo nge-150.