Amandla wokuqondisa. Isevisi namaphutha

Imoto yesimanje ayinakucatshangwa ngaphandle kwezinhlelo ezithuthukisa ukunethezeka kokuhamba. Lezi zinhlelo zifaka phakathi amandla wokuqondisa.

Cabanga ngenhloso yalomshini, umgomo wokusebenza kwawo nokuthi yini ukungasebenzi kahle.

Imisebenzi nenhloso yokuqondisa amandla

Njengoba igama liphakamisa, ukuqondisa amandla kusetshenziswa indlela yokuqondisa imoto. Ukuhamba ngamandla kukhulisa izenzo zomshayeli ngesikhathi umshini usebenza. Uhlelo olunjalo lufakwa emalolini ukuze umshayeli akwazi ukujika isondo lokushayela, futhi imoto yomgibeli ifakwe le ndlela yokwengeza ukunethezeka.

Ngaphezu kwemizamo yokukhanyisa lapho ushayela, i-booster hydraulic ikuvumela ukuthi unciphise inani lokujika okugcwele kwesondo lokushayela ukufezekisa indawo edingekayo yamasondo angaphambili. Imishini engenalo uhlelo olunjalo ifakwe i-steering rack enenqwaba yamazinyo. Lokhu kwenza umsebenzi ube lula kumshayeli, kodwa ngasikhathi sinye kwandisa inani lokujika okuphelele kwesiteringi.

Enye injongo yokuhamba kwamandla kagesi ukuqeda noma ukunciphisa imithelela eya esiteshini sokushayela isuka emasondweni okushayela lapho imoto ishayela emgwaqeni ongaqondile kahle noma ishayisa isithiyo. Imvamisa kwenzeka lapho emotweni engenalo lolu hlelo olusizayo, lapho ushayela, isiteringi simane sikhishwe ezandleni zomshayeli lapho amasondo efika ngokungalingani okukhulu. Lokhu kwenzeka, ngokwesibonelo, ebusika lapho ushayela ujule kakhulu.

Umgomo wokusebenza kwamandla kagesi

Ngakho-ke, isitering samandla siyadingeka ukwenza kube lula ngomshayeli ukushayela imoto. Le ndlela isebenza kanjani.

Lapho injini yemoto isebenza, kodwa ingayi ndawo, iphampu iphampa uketshezi olusuka echibini liye emshinini wokusabalalisa futhi ibuyele kumbuthano ovaliwe. Ngokushesha nje lapho umshayeli eqala ukuvula isiteringi, kuvuleka isiteshi kusabalalisi ohambelana nohlangothi lokujika kwesiteringi.

Uketshezi luqala ukugelezela emgodini wesilinda se-hydraulic. Ngemuva kwalesi siqukathi, uketshezi lokuhambisa amandla lungena ethangini. Ukunyakaza kwesitaki sokuqondisa kusizwa ukunyakaza kwenduku enamathiselwe ku-piston.

Okudingeka kakhulu ekuqondiseni imoto ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amasondo okushayela abuyela esimweni sawo sokuqala ngemuva kokuhamba lapho umshayeli ededela isiteringi. Uma ubamba isiteringi endaweni ephendukile, i-steering rack siphendula i-spool. Iqondaniswe ne-camshaft drive shaft.

Njengoba kungekho mandla asetshenziswayo, i-valve iqondanisa bese iyeka ukusebenza ku-piston. Umshini uzinza futhi uqale ukungenzi lutho, kube sengathi amasondo aqondile. Uwoyela wokuhambisa amandla ujikeleza ngokukhululeka ngomgwaqo omkhulu futhi.

Lapho isiteringi sisohlangothini lwesobunxele noma lwesobunxele (kuyo yonke indlela), ipompo lilayishwa umthwalo omkhulu, ngoba umhambisi akasekho esimweni esifanelekile. Kulesi simo, uketshezi luqala ukujikeleza emgodini wepompo. Umshayeli ungezwa ukuthi ipompo isebenza ngemodi ethuthukisiwe ngesimungulu sesici. Ukwenza uhlelo lusebenze kalula, vele uyeke isiteringi kancane. Bese kuqinisekiswa ukuhamba ngokukhululekile kokhula ngokusebenzisa amapayipi.

Ividiyo elandelayo ichaza ukuthi isitering samandla sisebenza kanjani:

Amandla wokuqondisa - idivaysi kanye nenqubo yokusebenza kwamandla kagesi kwimodeli yeLego!

Idivayisi yokuqondisa amandla

Uhlelo lokuqondisa amandla lwenzelwe ukuthi noma ngabe ihluleka ngokuphelele, imoto isakwazi ukushayela ngokuphepha. Le ndlela isetshenziswa cishe kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lokuqondisa. Isicelo esivame kakhulu sitholwa yizinhlelo ze-rack.

Kulokhu, i-gur iqukethe izinto ezilandelayo:

• Idamu (elifana netangi lokunweba lohlelo lokupholisa noma amabhuleki);
• Iphampu yokuqondisa amandla;
• Umsabalalisi wokuqondisa amandla;
• Amasilinda umfutholuketshezi;
• Ingcindezi High kanye ongaphakeme oxhumanisa amapayipi.

I-Bachok GUR

Isiziba siyichibi lapho uwoyela umunxwa khona yiphampu yokusebenza kwendlela. Isiqukathi sinesihlungi. Kuyadingeka ukususa ama-chips nezinye izinhlayiya eziqinile kuketshezi olusebenzayo, olungaphazamisa ukusebenza kwezinye izinto zomshini.

Ukuvikela ileveli kawoyela ukuthi yehle iye enanini elibucayi (noma nangaphansi), idamu linembobo yediploma. I-hydraulic booster fluid isuselwa kuwoyela. Ngenxa yalokhu, ngaphezu kwengcindezi edingekayo kulayini, zonke izinto zomshini zigcotshisiwe.

Kwesinye isikhathi ithangi lenziwa ngepulasitiki ebonakalayo, ehlala isikhathi eside. Kulokhu, i-dipstick ayidingeki, futhi kuzosetshenziswa isikali esinezinga eliphakeme nelincane likawoyela odongeni lwethangi. Ezinye izindlela zidinga ukusebenza kohlelo olufushane (noma ukujika okuningana kwesondo lokushayela liye kwesokudla / kwesobunxele) ukuthola izinga eliqondile.

Idipiki, noma uma ingekho neyodwa, ithangi uqobo, imvamisa inesilinganiso esiphindwe kabili. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinkomba zenjini ebandayo zikhonjisiwe, kanti kwesibili - ezishisayo.

Iphampu yokuqondisa amandla

Umsebenzi wepompo ukuqinisekisa ukusakazwa njalo kukawoyela emgqeni futhi kwakha ingcindezi yokuhambisa i-piston kumshini. Ezimweni eziningi, abakhiqizi bahlomisa izimoto nge-vane pump modification. Zinamathiselwe ku-cylinder block. Ibhande lesikhathi noma ibhande elihlukile lempompo drive lifakwa ku-pulley yedivayisi. Lapho nje imoto iqala ukugijima, impeller nayo iyaqala ukuzungeza.

Ingcindezi ohlelweni idalwa isivinini semoto. Lapho inani labo likhula kakhulu, ingcindezi eyengeziwe idalwa ku-booster hydraulic. Ukuvimbela ukwakheka kwengcindezi ngokweqile ohlelweni, ipompo ifakwe i-valve yokusiza.

Kunezinguquko ezimbili zamaphampu wokuqondisa amandla:

• Ashintshekayo. Lokhu kuguqulwa kugcina ingcindezi ezinzile kulayini ngenxa yoshintsho kumthamo wokusebenza wedivayisi;
• Okungalawulwa. Ukuguqulwa okunjalo kufakwe i-valve yokunciphisa ingcindezi egcina ingcindezi ezinzile kulayini.

Amaphampu amaningi anamuhla afakwe inzwa yengcindezi ye-elekthronikhi ethumela isinali ku-ECU ukuvula ivalve ngokucindezela okukhulu.

Umsabalalisi wokuqondisa amandla

Isabalalisi singafakwa noma ku-shaft shaft noma kwi-steering gear drive. Iqondisa uketshezi olusebenzayo emgodini oyifunayo wesilinda se-hydraulic.

Umsabalalisi uqukethe:

• Torsion - induku esebenza ukujija. Umngcele owodwa ufakwa emgodini wokusabalalisa we-distributor, kanti omunye ulungiswe ngaphakathi kwe-spool.
• Shaft kuyinto eziyize cylindrical elementi. Inemigudu yokunyakaza kukawoyela. Ixhuma ku-propeller shaft yendlela yokuqondisa;
• I-spool ixhunywe kushaft yokuqondisa amandla. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ixhunywe ngegiya kumshini wokuqondisa.

Kukhona axial futhi rotary valve ukulungiswa. Esimweni sesibili, i-spool ifaka amazinyo okuqondisa ngenxa yokujikeleza okuzungeze i-shaft axis.

Isilinda se-Hydraulic kanye namapayipi okuxhuma

Isilinda se-hydraulic uqobo luyindlela lapho kucindezelwa khona uketshezi olusebenzayo. Iphinde ihambise i-steering rack ohlangothini olufanele, okwenza kube lula ngomshayeli lapho enza imizuliswano.

Ngaphakathi kwe-hydraulic cylinder kune-piston enenduku enamathiselwe kuyo. Lapho umshayeli eqala ukuvula isondo lokushayela, ingcindezi eyeqile yenziwa emgodini we-hydraulic cylinder (cishe ibha engu-100-150), ngenxa yokuthi i-piston iqala ukunyakaza, igudluzela induku ohlangothini oluhambisanayo.

Kusuka kupompo kuya kumsabalalisi naku-hydraulic cylinder, uketshezi lugeleza ngepayipi lokucindezela okukhulu. Imvamisa kusetshenziswa ithubhu yensimbi esikhundleni sokwethenjelwa okukhulu. Ngesikhathi sokujikeleza kokungenzi lutho (i-tank-distributor-tank) uwoyela ugeleza ngepayipi lokucindezela eliphansi.

Izinhlobo zokuqondisa amandla

Ukuguqulwa kokuqondisa kwamandla kuncike ekusebenzeni kwemishini kanye nezici zayo zobuchwepheshe nezamandla. Kunezinhlobo ezinjalo zokuqondisa kwamandla:

• Uhlobo lweSpool - lusebenza kahle kakhulu, lusetshenziswa ezimotweni zesabelomali nakumamodeli wesigaba esiphakathi;
• Inketho yombhobho / yedamper - phakathi kokubi ukusebenza okuphansi futhi kudinga amandla amaningi lapho umthwalo unyuka. Ngenxa yezinkomba ezinjalo, ukusetshenziswa kwalokhu kuguqulwa kwamandla kagesi, umthwalo kuyunithi yamandla uyanda. Banokuzwela okuphezulu, ngakho-ke bavame ukusetshenziselwa ama-booster hydraulic hydraulic;
• I-jet version ayinamandla okuqagela emgodini we-valve, futhi futhi inokusetshenziswa kalula nokuqina. Izikhulisi ezinjalo azihambisani nekhwalithi kawoyela;
• Inketho kagesi ubuchwepheshe besimanje obusebenza noma ngabe injini icishiwe. Afakwe ikakhulukazi ezimotweni zezemidlalo nasezimotweni eziphambili.

Ezinye izinhlelo zamanje zokuqondisa amandla kagesi zibandakanya irediyetha yokupholisa uketshezi olusebenzayo.

Isondlo

Amagiya esiteringi kanye ne-booster hydraulic izindlela ezithembekile emotweni. Ngalesi sizathu, azidingi ukugcinwa njalo futhi kubiza kakhulu. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuhambisana nemithetho yokushintsha uwoyela ohlelweni, olunqunywa ngumenzi.

 Njengensizakalo yokuqondisa amandla, kuyadingeka ukuthi ngezikhathi ezithile uhlole izinga loketshezi echibini. Uma izinga lehla ngokusobala ngemuva kokufaka ingxenye elandelayo yoketshezi, hlola ukuvuza kukawoyela lapho kuxhunywa khona ipayipi noma kuphawu lukawoyela lwepompo.

Imvamisa yokufaka uketshezi esiteringini samandla

Ngokomqondo, i-hydraulic booster fluid ayikho ngaphansi kwethonya elinamandla lamazinga okushisa aphezulu, njengaku-injini noma ku-gearbox. Abanye abashayeli abacabangi ngisho nokushintsha ngezikhathi ezithile uwoyela kulolu hlelo, ngaphandle kwalapho kulungiswa umshini.

Ngaphandle kwalokhu, abakhiqizi bancoma ukuthi bashintshe uwoyela wokuhambisa amandla ngezikhathi ezithile. Vele, ayikho imingcele enzima, njengoba kunjalo nangoyela wenjini, kepha lo mthetho muthetho uncike ekuqineni kwendlela.

Uma imoto ihamba cishe amakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingamashumi amabili ngonyaka, khona-ke uketshezi lungaguqulwa ngaphezu kwesikhathi esisodwa njalo eminyakeni emithathu. Izizathu zokushintshwa kuketshezi ngezikhathi ezithile yilezi:

• Kancane, kepha usafudumeza uwoyela ngesikhathi sokujikeleza kulayini;
• Ukuguga kwemvelo komkhiqizo;
• Ukuvela kwezinhlayiya zangaphandle ngenxa yokuthuthuka okuvela ekuxabaneni kwezingxenye zensimbi (inkinga ivela uma lo mshini wenziwe ngezinto ezisezingeni eliphansi).

Uma, lapho uhlola izinga likawoyela ethangini, umnikazi wemoto ezwa iphunga lamafutha avuthayo, selivele ligugile futhi lidinga ukushintshwa.

Nayi ividiyo emfushane yokuthi umsebenzi wenziwa kanjani ngendlela efanele:

Ungawushintsha kanjani uketshezi lokuqondisa amandla

Ukungasebenzi kahle okuyisisekelo nezindlela zokuqeda

Imvamisa, ukulungisa isiteringi samandla kuya phansi esikhundleni sezimpawu. Umsebenzi ungenziwa ngokuthenga ikhithi yokulungisa isiteringi. Ukwehluleka kwe-hydraulic booster kuyinto engavamile kakhulu futhi ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuvuza koketshezi. Lokhu kubonakala ngeqiniso lokuthi isondo lokushayela lisizungeza ngokuqinile. Kepha noma ngabe i-amplifier uqobo ihluleka, ukuqondisa kuyaqhubeka nokusebenza.

Nalu itafula lamaphutha amakhulu nezixazululo zawo:

Ukungasebenzi kahle	Kungani kuvela	Isixazululo inketho
Lapho ushayela, kushaqeka okuvela ezindaweni ezingalingani esiteringini	Ukungezwani okubi noma ukugqoka ibhande lokushayela ipompo	Faka esikhundleni noma qinisa ibhande
Isiteringi siphenduka siqine	Inkinga efanayo nebhande; Izinga loketshezi olusebenzayo lingaphansi noma lisondele kunenani eliphansi; Inombolo encane yezinguquko ze-crankshaft ngesikhathi sokusebenza kokungenzi lutho; Isihlungi echibini livinjelwe; Iphampu idala ingcindezi ebuthakathaka; Uhlelo lwe-amplifier luyashayela.	Shintsha noma qinisa ibhande; Gcwalisa ivolumu uketshezi; Khulisa isivinini senjini (lungisa); Shintsha isihlungi; Buyisela iphampu noma ulibuyisele; Qinisa ukuxhumana kwepayipi.
Udinga ukwenza umzamo wokujika isondo lisesimeni esiphakathi	Ukuhluleka kwepompo lokukhanda	Shintsha uphawu lukawoyela, lungisa ipompo noma ulibuyisele
Ukujikisa isiteringi uye kolunye uhlangothi kudinga umzamo omkhulu	Ipompo inephutha	Lungisa ipompo noma ushintshe uphawu lukawoyela
Kudinga umzamo owengeziwe ukuguqula isiteringi ngokushesha	Ukungahambi kahle kwebhande lokushayela; Isivinini senjini ephansi; Isistimu yomoya; Iphampu ephukile.	Lungisa ibhande lokushayela; Lungisa isivinini senjini; Susa ukuvuza komoya futhi ususe ipulagi yomoya kulayini; Lungisa ipompo; Xilonga izakhi zamagiya okuqondisa.
Impendulo yokuncipha inciphile	Izinga loketshezi lehlile; Ukusakazwa kohlelo lokuqondisa amandla; Ukwehluleka kokusebenza komshini wokushayela, isondo noma ezinye izingxenye; Izingxenye zendlela yokuqondisa zigugile (hhayi inkinga ngokuqondisa amandla).	Susa ukuvuza, zenzele ukungabi khona kukawoyela; Susa isivalo somoya bese uqinisa ukuxhumana ukuze kungangeni moya; Ukuxilongwa nokulungiswa kwendlela yokuqondisa.
I-hydraulic booster hums ngesikhathi sokusebenza	Izinga likawoyela ethangini lehlile; Ivelufa yokusiza ingcindezi iyasebenza (isondo lokushayela ligudluke lonke).	Bheka ukuvuza, kususe bese ugcwalisa ivolumu; Qeda ukusakazwa komoya; Bheka ukuthi ipompo lisebenza kahle yini; Bheka ukuthi iphampu linengcindezi ngokwanele yini; Musa ukujika isondo lonke.

Uma imoto ifakwe i-booster kagesi, uma kwenzeka kukhona amasiginali we-alamu, kufanele uxhumane nodokotela ngokushesha. Ama-elekthronikhi ahlolwa emishini efanele, ngakho-ke ngaphandle kwamakhono adingekayo kungcono ukuthi ungazami ukulungisa okuthile kuhlelo lukagesi ngokwakho.

Ubuhle nobubi be-Power Steering

Njengoba izinhlelo zesimanje zokunethezeka zenzelwe ukwenza lula umsebenzi womshayeli ekushayeleni nokwenza uhambo olude lube mnandi kakhulu, khona-ke zonke izinzuzo zalesi simiso zihambisana nalokhu:

• Yenza kube lula ukuhamba ezigabeni ezincane zomgwaqo noma ngenkathi upaka imoto;
• Umshayeli akakhathali kangako phakathi nohambo olude;
• Ithambisa izilonda nokudlidliza okwenzeka lapho ushayela emigwaqweni engalingani;
• Inikeza ukuphepha okwengeziwe ngenxa yokuphendula okungcono kokuqondisa ngisho nangejubane eliphakeme (ikakhulukazi lapho ujika khona).

Noma yiluphi uhlelo lokududuza olwengeziwe lunezithiyo zalo. Amandla wokuqondisa ane:

• Ukulahleka okuncane kwamandla emoto, ngoba ipompo drive isebenza njalo;
• Ngezikhathi ezithile, noma kungenjalo kaningi, uhlelo ludinga ukunakekelwa.

Kunoma ikuphi, i-booster hydraulic yenza umsebenzi womshayeli wesimanje ube lula. Ikakhulukazi uma imoto iloli.

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

Sisebenza kanjani isiteringi samandla? Lapho injini isebenza, uketshezi luzungeza isekethe. Okwamanje isondo lokuqondisa lizungeza, i-valve yenye yamasilinda okuqondisa amandla iyavuleka (kuye ngokuthi uhlangothi oluphendukayo). Amafutha acindezela i-piston kanye ne-steering rack rod.

Ungayibona kanjani inkinga yokungasebenzi kwamandla kagesi? Ukungasebenzi kahle kwesiteringi kuhambisana nalokhu: ukushaya nokuhlehla kwesiteringi, ukushintsha imizamo lapho ujika, "ukuluma" isondo lokuqondisa, indawo engeyona eyemvelo yesiteringi esihlobene namasondo.