Izinkundla ezithembisayo zokufika zeButho LaseMelika
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Izinkundla ezithembisayo zokufika zeButho LaseMelika

28.07.2022 /

Njengengxenye yohlelo lwe-FVL, i-US Army ihlele ukuthenga izimoto ezintsha eziyizinkulungwane ezi-2-4 ezizothatha indawo yezindiza ezinophephela emhlane zomndeni wakwa-UH-60 Black Hawk kwasekuqaleni, futhi.

I-AN-64 Apache. Isithombe. Indiza engujekamanzi

Ibutho lase-US kancane kancane lisebenzisa uhlelo lokwethula umndeni wamapulatifomu e-VLT amasha ukuze athathe indawo yezindiza ezinophephela emhlane zokuthutha nokuhlasela esikhathini esizayo. Uhlelo lwe-Future Vertical Lift (FVL) lubandakanya ukuthuthukiswa kwezakhiwo, ngokwezimpawu namandla azo, ezizodlula kakhulu izindiza ezinophephela emhlane zakudala njenge-UH-60 Black Hawk, CH-47 Chinook noma i-AH-64 Apache.

Uhlelo lwe-FVL lwethulwa ngokusemthethweni ngo-2009. Khona-ke iButho Lezempi Lase-US lethule uhlelo lokuqalisa uhlelo lweminyaka eminingi okuhloswe ngalo ukususa izindiza ezinophephela emhlane ezisetshenziswayo njengamanje. I-Special Operations Command (SOCOM) kanye ne-Marine Corps (USMC) nabo babenentshisekelo yokubamba iqhaza ohlelweni. Ngo-Okthoba 2011, i-Pentagon yethula umqondo onemininingwane eminingi: amapulatifomu amasha bekufanele asheshe, abe nobubanzi obukhulu kanye nomthwalo okhokhelwayo, ashibhile futhi abe lula ukusebenza kunezindiza ezinophephela emhlane. Njengengxenye yohlelo lwe-FVL, amasosha ahlela ukuthenga izimoto ezintsha eziyizinkulungwane ezi-2-4, ezizothatha indawo yezindiza ezinophephela emhlane ezivela emndenini we-UH-60 Black Hawk kanye ne-AH-64 Apache. Ukugunyazwa kwabo ekuqaleni kwakuhlelwe cishe ngo-2030.

Ukusebenza okuncane okwamenyezelwa ngaleso sikhathi kwezindiza ezinophephela emhlane ezilandelanayo kusasebenza nanamuhla:

  • isivinini esiphezulu esingekho ngaphansi kuka-500 km/h,
  • ijubane lokuhamba 425 km/h,
  • mileage cishe 1000 km,
  • ububanzi beqhinga obungaba ngu-400 km,
  • amandla okundiza endaweni ephakeme okungenani engu-1800 m ekushiseni komoya okungu +35°C,
  • ukuphakama kwendiza okukhulu cishe ku-9000 m,
  • ikhono lokuthutha ama-fighters angu-11 ahlome ngokugcwele (ngokukhethwa kokuthutha).

Lezi zidingo azifinyeleleki ezindizeni ezinophephela emhlane zasendulo ngisho nasekusukeni okuqondile nokuhlalisayo okunamarotha azungezayo i-V-22 Osprey. Nokho, lokhu kumane kuwukucatshangelwa kohlelo lwe-FVL. Abahleli bezempi baseMelika banqume ukuthi uma umklamo omusha uzosetshenziswa engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu lesi-XNUMX, kufanele kube yisigaba esilandelayo ekuthuthukisweni kwama-rotor. Lokhu kucabanga kulungile ngoba indiza enophephela emhlane njengedizayini isifinyelele umkhawulo wokuthuthukiswa kwayo. Inzuzo enkulu yendiza enophephela emhlane - i-rotor eyinhloko futhi iyisithiyo esikhulu ekufinyeleleni isivinini sendiza ephezulu, ukuphakama okuphezulu kanye nekhono lokusebenzisa amabanga amade. Lokhu kungenxa ye-physics ye-rotor eyinhloko, ama-blades awo, kanye nokwanda kwejubane elivundlile le-helicopter, kudala ukumelana okwengeziwe.

Ukuxazulula le nkinga, abakhiqizi baqala ukuzama ukuthuthukiswa kwezindiza ezinophephela emhlane ezinama-rotor aqinile. Izibonelo ezilandelayo zakhiwe: Bell 533, Lockheed XH-51, Lockheed AH-56 Cheyenne, Piasecki 16H, Sikorsky S-72 kanye Sikorsky XH-59 ABC (Advancing Blade Concept). Inikwa amandla izinjini ezimbili ezengeziwe ze-turbine jet kanye nama-coaxial propeller amabili aqinile ajikelezayo, i-XH-59 ithole isivinini esiyirekhodi esingu-488 km/h ekundizani okuleveli. Kodwa-ke, i-prototype yayinzima ukundiza, yayinokuvevezela okunamandla futhi yayinomsindo kakhulu. Umsebenzi kulezi zakhiwo ezingenhla waqedwa maphakathi nawo-XNUMX wekhulu leminyaka elidlule. Azikho izinguquko ezihloliwe ezasetshenziswa ezindizeni ezinophephela emhlane ezazikhiqizwa ngaleso sikhathi. Ngaleso sikhathi, i-Pentagon yayingenaso isithakazelo sokutshala izimali kubuchwepheshe obusha, iminyaka yayineliswe kuphela izinguquko ezalandela zezakhiwo ezisetshenzisiwe.

Ngakho-ke, ukuthuthukiswa kwezindiza ezinophephela emhlane kwamisa ngandlela thile futhi kwahlala kude nokuthuthukiswa kwezindiza. Idizayini entsha yakamuva eyamukelwa yi-US kwakuyindiza enophephela emhlane yokuhlasela i-AH-64 Apache eyakhiwa ngeminyaka yawo-2007. Ngemva kwesikhathi eside sokuhlolwa nezinkinga zobuchwepheshe, i-V-22 Osprey yaqala ukusebenza ngo-'22. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akuyona indiza enophephela emhlane noma i-rotorcraft, kodwa indiza enama-rotors ajikelezayo (i-tiltiplane). Lokhu bekufanele kube yimpendulo emandleni alinganiselwe ezindiza ezinophephela emhlane. Futhi eqinisweni, i-B-22 inesivinini esikhulu sokuhamba ngesikebhe nesivinini esiphezulu, kanye nobubanzi obukhulu nophahla lwendiza kunezindiza ezinophephela emhlane. Kodwa-ke, i-B-XNUMX nayo ayihlangabezani nenqubo yohlelo lwe-FVL, njengoba ukwakheka kwayo kwadalwa eminyakeni engamashumi amathathu edlule, futhi, naphezu kokusungulwa kwayo okusha, indiza ayisasebenzi kwezobuchwepheshe.

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