Ingabe amafutha enjini kadizili angafakwa enjinini kaphethiloli?

Uma uya kunoma yiziphi izingxenye zezimoto kanye nesitolo sokuthambisa, abaxhumanisi bazosibonisa ishumi nambili, uma kungenjalo amakhulu, izinhlobo zamafutha enjini, ezizohluka komunye nomunye ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene: ezinjini zikadizili noma zikaphethiloli, zezimoto, ezentengiso noma zamaloli, ngezinjini ezimbili noma ezi-4 ezine-stroke. Futhi, njengoba sike sabhala kuwebhusayithi ye-Vodi.su, amafutha enjini ahluke nge-viscosity, izimo zokushisa, uketshezi kanye nokwakheka kwamakhemikhali.

Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kuhlale kudingekile ukugcwalisa kuphela uhlobo lokuthambisa olutuswe umenzi wemoto. Into kuphela ukuthi njengoba iqembu le-cylinder-piston liguga, kunconywa ukuthi ushintshele kuwoyela we-viscous ngaphezulu ngokuhamba kuka-100-150 km.. Nokho, ezimweni ezinzima zaseRussia, ikakhulukazi eNyakatho, ukuguqulwa kwenkathi yonyaka kwamafutha nakho kuyadingeka. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi izimo ezibucayi ziphakama lapho uhlobo olufanele lwamafutha lungekho, kodwa kufanele uhambe. Ngakho-ke, izinkinga zokushintshwa kwamafutha ezimoto zifanelekile. Ngakho-ke umbuzo uphakama: uwoyela wenjini kadizili ungasetshenziswa enjinini kaphethiloliyimiphi imiphumela lokhu okungaholela kuyo?

Iyunithi yamandla kaphethiloli nodizili: umehluko

Umgomo wokusebenza uyafana, noma kunjalo, kunomehluko omkhulu enqubweni yokushiswa kwengxube ye-fuel-air.

Izici zezinjini ze-diesel:

• ukucindezela okuphezulu emakamelweni omlilo;
• ingxube ye-fuel-air iqala ukuvutha emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, ayishisi ngokuphelele, yingakho kusetshenziswa ama-turbines angemuva;
• izinqubo ze-oxidation ngokushesha;
• uphethiloli we-diesel uqukethe inqwaba yesibabule, inqwaba ye-soot yenziwa ngesikhathi sokusha;
• Izinjini zikadizili ikakhulukazi zinejubane eliphansi.

Ngakho-ke, uwoyela we-diesel ukhethwa ngokucabangela izici zokusebenza kweyunithi yamandla. Lokhu kubonakala ikakhulukazi uma kuziwa ekuthuthweni kwempahla. Abashayeli bamaloli kufanele bavakashele i-TIR kaningi. Futhi enye yezinsizakalo ezivame kakhulu ukushintshwa kwamafutha, uphethiloli, izihlungi zomoya, kanye nokugezwa okuphelele kwenjini emikhiqizweni evuthayo.

Izinjini zikaphethiloli zinezici zazo:

• ukuthungela kukaphethiloli kwenzeka ngenxa yokuhlinzekwa kwezinhlansi ezivela kuma-spark plugs;
• emakamelweni omlilo, izinga lokushisa nokucindezela liphansi;
• ingxube ishisa cishe ngokuphelele;
• kusele imikhiqizo evuthayo kanye ne-oxidation.

Qaphela ukuthi namuhla amafutha omhlaba wonke avele adayiswa afanele kokubili okukhethwa kukho. Iphuzu elibalulekile: uma uwoyela we-diesel wemoto yomgibeli usengathululelwa enjini kaphethiloli, khona-ke uwoyela weloli awufanele neze le njongo..

Izici zamafutha edizili

Le nto yokuthambisa inokwakheka kwamakhemikhali okunolaka.

Umkhiqizi uyanezela:

• izithasiselo zokususa ama-oxides;
• i-alkali yokuhlanza okuphumelelayo kwezindonga ze-cylinder kusuka emlotheni;
• izithako ezisebenzayo zokwandisa impilo yamafutha;
• izithasiselo zokususa ukupheka okwandisiwe (ukupheka kwenzeka ngenxa yesidingo esandayo senjini yedizili emoyeni ukuze kutholwe ingxube ye-fuel-air).

Okusho ukuthi, lolu hlobo lwe-lubricant kufanele lubekezelele izimo ezinzima kakhulu futhi lubhekane nokususwa komlotha, i-soot, i-oxides ne-sulfur deposits. Kuzokwenzekani uma uthela amafutha anjalo enjini kaphethiloli?

Thela uwoyela diesel enjinini kaphethiloli: kuzokwenzekani?

Inkinga yonke ilele ekwakhekeni kwamakhemikhali anolaka. Uma sithatha isimo sokuthi ukhiphe uwoyela omdala kaphethiloli wagcwalisa lowo obalelwe injini kadizili yabagibeli, mancane amathuba okuthi uhlangabezane nezinkinga ezinkulu ngokusetshenziswa kwesikhashana. Ngokusetshenziswa isikhathi eside, imiphumela elandelayo ingenzeka:

• ukuvaleka kweziteshi ezihambisa uwoyela ngaphakathi kwezakhi zensimbi zenjini;
• indlala yamafutha;
• umkhuhlane;
• ukugqokwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kwamapiston namasilinda ngenxa yokuba buthaka kwefilimu kawoyela.

Ochwepheshe bagxile kuleli phuzu: ukushintshwa kwesikhathi esifushane ezimeni eziphuthumayo kwamukelekile uma ingekho enye indlela yokuphuma. Kodwa ukuxuba izinhlobo ezahlukene zamafutha, kuleli cala injini kaphethiloli kanye ne-diesel, akuvunyelwe ngokuphelele, ngoba imiphumela ingaba engalindelekile.. Isimo esiphambene nakho asifiseleki kakhulu - ukuthululela amafutha enjini kaphethiloli enjini ye-diesel, ngoba into esobala kakhulu umnikazi wemoto azobhekana nayo i-coking eqinile yenjini enemikhiqizo evuthayo.

Uma sicabanga ukuthi noma yiziphi izimo ezingenhla zivele emgwaqeni, zama ukufika kusevisi yemoto eseduze, kuyilapho injini ingadingi ukulayishwa ngokweqile. Amafutha edizili awafanele ukulayisha ngaphezu kuka-2500-5000 rpm.

Iyalayisha...