Ngingakwazi ukuhlanganisa imibala ehlukene ye-antifreeze?
Uvelaphi umbala we-antifreeze?
Isipholile sisiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isistimu yokupholisa yemoto isebenza kahle ngesikhathi esibandayo. Idinga ukushintshwa ngezikhathi ezithile. Bese kuba nombuzo wokukhetha. Kuthengiswa kukhona uketshezi lwemikhiqizo ehlukene kanye nabakhiqizi abahlukahlukene baseYurophu, baseMelika, base-Asia naseRussia. Ngisho nomshayeli onolwazi akakwazi njalo ukusho ngokuqiniseka ukuthi bahluke kanjani nokuthi uhlobo olulodwa noma olunye luyifanele imoto yakhe. Imibala ehlukahlukene yama-coolants - eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, eluhlaza, ophuzi, obomvu, onsomi - idida kakhulu.
Isisekelo se-antifreeze ngokuvamile siyingxube yamanzi acwecwe kanye ne-ethylene glycol. Isilinganiso sazo esiqondile sinquma indawo yokuqandisa yesipholile.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwakheka kuhlanganisa izithasiselo ezihlukahlukene - anti-corrosion (corrosion inhibitors), anti-foam nabanye.
Zonke lezi zingxenye azinambala. Ngakho-ke, esimweni sayo semvelo, cishe yonke i-antifreeze, kanye nezithasiselo, iwuketshezi olungenambala. Umbala unikezwa odayi abaphephile abasiza ukuhlukanisa i-antifreeze kwezinye uketshezi (amanzi, uphethiloli).
Izindinganiso ezihlukahlukene aziwulawuli umbala othize, kodwa zincoma ukuthi ugqame, ugcwale. Uma kuvuza uketshezi, lokhu kuzosiza ukunquma ngokubukeka ukuthi inkinga isesimweni sokupholisa imoto.
Okuncane mayelana nezindinganiso
Amazwe amaningi anezindinganiso zawo kazwelonke. Abakhiqizi abahlukene nabo banezincazelo zabo ze-antifreeze. Ukuhlukaniswa okudume kakhulu kwasungulwa ukukhathazeka kweVolkswagen.
Ngokusho kwayo, wonke ama-antifreeze ahlukaniswe izigaba ezi-5:
I-G11 - ikhiqizwa ngesisekelo se-ethylene glycol kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe bendabuko (silicate). Njengezithako ezilwa nokugqwala, ama-silicates, ama-phosphates nezinye izinto ezingaphili zisetshenziswa lapha, okudala ungqimba oluvikelayo endaweni engaphakathi yesistimu yokupholisa. Nokho, lolu ungqimba lunciphisa ukudluliswa kokushisa futhi luwohloke ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Noma kunjalo, uketshezi olunjalo lungasetshenziswa, kodwa ungakhohlwa ukulushintsha njalo eminyakeni emibili.
Leli klasi labelwa umbala kadayi oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
I-Volkswagen ihlanganisa nalokho okubizwa ngokuthi i-hybrid antifreezes kuleli klasi, okungamakwa ngombala ophuzi, owolintshi neminye imibala.
I-G12, G12+ - ama-carboxylate asetshenziswa lapha njengama-corrosion inhibitors. Ama-antifreeze anjalo akhululekile ekulimaleni kobuchwepheshe be-silicone futhi ahlala iminyaka emithathu kuya kwemihlanu.
Umbala wedayi ubomvu ngokugqamile, awuvamisile ukunsomi.
I-G12 ++ - ama-antifreeze adalwe kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe be-bipolar. Kwenzeka ukuthi abizwa ngokuthi i-lobrid (kusuka ku-English low-hybrid - low-hybrid). Ngaphezu kwama-carboxylates, inani elincane lezinhlanganisela ze-silicon zengezwa ezithasiselweni, ezibuye zivikele ama-alloys e-aluminium. Abanye abakhiqizi bathi impilo yesevisi yeminyaka eyi-10 noma ngaphezulu. Kodwa ochwepheshe batusa ukushintshwa njalo eminyakeni emi-5.
Umbala ubomvu ngokugqamile noma onsomi.
I-G13 - Uhlobo olusha lokupholisa olwavela eminyakeni edlule. I-ethylene glycol enobuthi yathathelwa indawo i-propylene glycol, engeyona ingozi kangako kubantu nasendaweni ezungezile. Izengezo ziyefana ne-G12++.
Udayi ophuzi noma owolintshi ngokuvamile usetshenziswa njengomaka wombala.
Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi akubona bonke abakhiqizi baseYurophu abanamathela kulokhu kuhlukaniswa, ingasaphathwa eyase-Asia naseRussia.
Izinganekwane
Ukuntuleka kwezindinganiso zomhlaba ezifanayo kuye kwabangela inqwaba yezinganekwane ezingasakazwa ngabashayeli bezimoto abavamile kuphela, kodwa nabasebenzi bezimoto nabadayisi bezimoto. Lezi zinganekwane nazo zisakazwa ngenkuthalo ku-inthanethi.
Ezinye zazo zihlobene nje nombala we-antifreeze. Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi umbala we-coolant ubonisa ikhwalithi nokuqina. Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi wonke ama-antifreeze anombala ofanayo angashintshwa futhi angaxutshwa.
Eqinisweni, umbala we-coolant awuhlangene nokusebenza kwayo. Ngokuvamile, i-antifreeze efanayo ingapendwa ngemibala ehlukene, kuye ngezifiso zomthengi othile onikezwa kuye.
Okufanele ukucabangele lapho uthenga
Lapho uthenga i-antifreeze, ukunakwa okuncane kufanele kukhokhwe kumbala wayo. Khetha okokupholisa ikhanda ngokusekelwe ezincomweni zomkhiqizi wemoto yakho.
Ngemoto ngayinye, udinga ukukhetha uhlobo lwakho lokupholisa, ucabangela izici zesistimu yokupholisa kanye nenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi. Kubalulekile ukuthi i-antifreeze ibe sezingeni elanele futhi ihambisane nomthetho wokushisa wenjini yakho evuthayo yangaphakathi.
Idumela lomkhiqizi nalo libalulekile. Thenga imikhiqizo ezinkampanini ezinedumela elihle noma nini lapho kunokwenzeka. Uma kungenjalo, kunengozi yokugijima emkhiqizweni wekhwalithi ephansi, lapho, isibonelo, ingxube ye-glycerin ne-methanol isetshenziswa esikhundleni se-ethylene glycol. Uketshezi olunjalo lune-viscosity ephezulu, indawo ephansi yokubilisa futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, inobuthi kakhulu. Ukusetshenziswa kwayo kuzodala, ikakhulukazi, ukwanda kokugqwala futhi ekugcineni kuzolimaza ipompo kanye ne-radiator.
Yini ongayengeza nokuthi kungenzeka yini ukuxuba
Ungakhohlwa ukugcina iso ezingeni le-antifreeze. Uma udinga ukwengeza inani elincane loketshezi, kungcono ukusebenzisa amanzi a-distilled, angeke alulaze ikhwalithi ye-antifreeze nhlobo.
Uma, ngenxa yokuvuza, izinga lokupholisa lehle kakhulu, khona-ke i-antifreeze yohlobo olufanayo, umkhiqizo kanye nomkhiqizi kufanele kwengezwe. Kuphela kulesi simo ukungabikho kwezinkinga kuqinisekisiwe.
Uma kungaziwa kahle ukuthi yini ethelwa ohlelweni, khona-ke kungcono ukufaka esikhundleni soketshezi ngokuphelele, futhi ungangezi lokho okwakuseduze. Lokhu kuzokusindisa ezinkingeni ezingase zingabonakali ngokushesha.
Kuma-antifreezes, ngisho nohlobo olufanayo, kodwa kubakhiqizi abahlukene, amaphakheji okungeza ahlukene angasetshenziswa. Akuwona wonke ahambisanayo futhi ngokuvamile ukusebenzisana kwawo kungabangela ukuwohloka kwesipholile, ukuwohloka kokudluliswa kokushisa kanye nezakhiwo ezivikelayo ezilwa nokugqwala. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, lokhu kungaholela ekubhujisweni kwesistimu yokupholisa, ukushisa ngokweqile kwenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi, njll.
Uma uhlanganisa ama-antifreeze, akufanele uqondiswe umbala, ngoba umbala we-liquid awusho lutho mayelana nezithasiselo ezisetshenzisiwe. Ukuxuba ama-antifreezes emibala ehlukene kunganikeza umphumela owamukelekayo, futhi uketshezi lombala ofanayo lungase lungahambisani ngokuphelele.
Ama-antifreeze e-G11 kanye ne-G12 awahambisani futhi akumele ahlanganiswe namanye.
I-G11 ne-G12+ yokupholisa iyahambisana, kanye ne-G12++ ne-G13. Ukuhambisana kusho ukuthi kungenzeka ukusetshenziswa kwesikhashana kwezingxube ezinjalo ngaphandle kwemiphumela emibi uma isinqanda-qhwa esinconyiwe singatholakali. Esikhathini esizayo, ukushintshwa okuphelele koketshezi ohlelweni lokupholisa kufanele kwenziwe.
Ingxube yohlobo lwe-G13 lwe-liquid ene-antifreeze G11, G12 ne-G12 + iyamukeleka, kodwa ngenxa yokunciphisa izakhiwo zokulwa nokugqwala, kungcono ukungayisebenzisi.
Ukuze uhlole ukuhambisana ngaphambi kokuxuba, udinga ukuthela uketshezi oluthile olusuka kusistimu yokupholisa yemoto embizeni esobala bese wengeza i-antifrize entsha kuyo. Uma kungekho zinguquko ezibukwayo ezenzeke, khona-ke uketshezi olunjalo lungabhekwa njengokuhambisana ngokwemibandela. I-turbidity noma imvula ibonisa ukuthi izingxenye zezithasiselo zingene ekuphenduleni kwamakhemikhali. Le ngxube akufanele isetshenziswe.
Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukuxuba ama-antifreeze ahlukene kuyisilinganiso esiphoqelelwe nesikhashana. Inketho ephephe kunazo zonke iwukuba esikhundleni sokupholisa ngokuphelele ngokuwasha ngokuphelele uhlelo.
