Idayimane lingaphulwa ngesando?
Okuqukethwe
Idayimane liyinto enzima kakhulu emhlabeni, kodwa nakuba kunjalo, lingase libe sengozini yokushaywa yisando.
Njengomthetho, amadayimane anamazinga ahlukene wamandla noma ubulukhuni. Ikhwalithi nokuphelela kwesakhiwo se-cubic lattice kuthinta izinga lamandla. Ngakho-ke, amadayimane anamaphuzu abuthakathaka esakhiweni sawo esivumela ukuba aphulwe ngesando.
Ungaphula idayimane ngesando kanje:
- Khetha idayimane elinokufakwa kwangaphakathi namaphutha
- Beka idayimane endaweni eqinile
- Shaya kanzima ukuze ushaye indawo ebuthaka kakhulu ku-diamond lattice.
Ngizofaka okuningi ngezansi.
Idayimane lingaphulwa ngesando?
Ukuqina kusho ikhono lempahla yokumelana nokuphuka ngenxa yomthelela noma ukuwa. Kodwa yebo, ungaphula idayimane ngesando. Izinto ezilandelayo zibonisa ukuba sengozini kwedayimane ukuthi liphuke nokuthi kungani ungawaphihliza ngodlame ngesando.
I-geometry yedayimane
Isakhiwo sedayimane sine-cleavage ephelele, okwenza kube lula ukuphuka uma igalelo liqondiswe endaweni efanele.
I-Macroscopic cleavage yedayimane ibonisa ubuthakathaka bayo. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ubulukhuni namandla yizici ezahlukene. Idayimane liqinile, kodwa isando sinamandla. Nokho, kusenzima ukuphula idayimane ngesando, kodwa lokhu kungase kube ukuphela kwendlela yokuphuma uma ungenabo abasiki bedayimane.
Isakhiwo sangaphakathi siqukethe ama-athomu ekhabhoni aboshwe ngamakhemikhali. Ama-athomu e-carbon ahlelwe ngokulinganayo noma ngezakhiwo ze-lattice, futhi ama-athomu e-carbon anzima ukuwabhubhisa.
Inani lama-athomu ngeyunithi ngayinye yevolumu
Isakhiwo se-cubic se-lattice yedayimane sihlukile ngoba iqukethe inani elikhulu lama-athomu namabhondi ngevolumu yeyunithi. Lokhu kwakha isisekelo sokuqina kwedayimane. I-cubic lattice ikhulisa ukunganyakazi kwe-athomu ye-carbon.
Indlela yokuphula idayimane ngesando
Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ukuphula idayimane ngesando esivamile noma isando akuwona umsebenzi olula, kodwa ungenziwa.
Sebenzisa amandla amaningi ukuze udale amandla anele ukuze uqhekeze idayimane. Uma kungenjalo, idayimane liyohlala linganyakazi. Asiphule idayimane.
Isinyathelo 1: Khetha idayimane okulula ukuliphuka
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zamadayimane anamazinga ahlukene obulukhuni noma ubulukhuni. Ukuqina kunquma noma kulinganisa ukuzinza kwedayimane, okuyisici esiyinhloko ekuphuleni idayimane ngesando.
Ngakho-ke, thola idayimane elinokufakwa kwangaphakathi namaphutha ukuze wenze umsebenzi wakho ube lula.
Isinyathelo sesi-2: Ukukhetha i-Surface
Uma ubheka amandla esando nokuqina kwedayimane, udinga indawo eqinile ukuze ushaye idayimane. Ngincoma ukubeka idayimane eshidini lensimbi eliwugqinsi noma itshe. Uyamkhama.
Isinyathelo sesi-3: Ukuqondisa ukushaya kwesando
Ukuze wenze imizamo yakho ikhiqize, qondisa igalelo ukuze ukucindezela okukhulu kusetshenziswe endaweni ebuthakathaka yelathisi yangaphakathi yedayimane.
Amanothi: Gcina idayimane linganyakazi ngisho nangemva kokushaywa ngesando. Njengoba kulindelekile, ukushaywa kwesando kuzoba buthaka uma idayimane liphuma ekushayeni isando. Bamba idayimane njengoba kunconyiwe, noma sebenzisa noma yiziphi ezinye izindlela onazo ukuze uqinisekise ukuzinza kwedayimane.
Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa
Ingabe wonke amadayimane anamandla nobulukhuni obufanayo?
Cha. Izinga nokuphelela kwesakhiwo se-cubic lattice yamadayimane kunquma ubulukhuni namandla. Kodwa izinga le-carbon-carbon bond liyahlukahluka ngenxa yezimo zezulu ezifana nezinga lokushisa. (1)
Uyini umehluko phakathi kokuqina nokuqina kwamadayimane?
Ukuqina kubonisa ukuthambekela kokuklwebheka kwento ethile. Ngokuphambene, amandla noma ukuqina kulinganisa ukuba sengozini kwento ekuhlulekeni. Ngakho-ke, amadayimane anzima kakhulu (ngakho-ke asetshenziselwa ukunwaya ezinye izinto ngaphandle kokushiya imihuzuko), kodwa awanamandla kakhulu - ngakho angaphulwa ngesando. (2)
Izincomo
(1) ibhondi ye-carbon-carbon - https://www.nature.com/articles/463435a
(2) ukuqina - https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/materials-science/tenacity
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