Sasungulwa nini isando?

Okuqukethwe

Umlando wesando
Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa

Isando singelinye lamathuluzi asetshenziswa kakhulu empucuko yabantu.

Okhokho bethu babeyisebenzisa ukuze baphule amathambo noma amagobolondo ukuze bathole ukudla. Njengamanje siyisebenzisa ukuze silolonge insimbi futhi sishayele izipikili zibe izinto. Kodwa uke wacabanga ngomsuka wesando?

Okhokho bethu babesebenzisa izando ezingenazo izibambo. Lezi zando zaziwa ngokuthi amatshe esando. Esikhathini sePaleolithic Stone Age ngo-30,000 BC. benza isando esinesibambo esihlanganisa uthi olunamathiselwe etsheni nasemicu yesikhumba. Lawa mathuluzi angahlukaniswa njengezando zokuqala.

Umlando wesando

Isando sesimanje siyithuluzi iningi lethu elisebenzisa ukushaya izinto. Kungaba ukhuni, itshe, insimbi noma okunye. Izando ziza ngezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukene, ubukhulu kanye nokubukeka.

Ithiphu Esheshayo: Ikhanda lesando lesimanje lenziwe ngensimbi, futhi isibambo senziwa ngokhuni noma ngepulasitiki.

Kodwa ngaphambi kwakho konke lokhu, isando sasiyithuluzi elidumile eNkathini Yamatshe. Ngokusho kwedatha yomlando, ukusetshenziswa kokuqala kwesando kubhalwe ku-30000 3.3 BC. Ngamanye amazwi, isando sinomlando omangalisayo weminyaka eyizigidi eziyi-XNUMX.

Ngezansi ngizokhuluma ngokuvela kwesando kule minyaka eyizigidi ezingu-3.3.

Isando sokuqala emhlabeni

Muva nje, abavubukuli bathole amathuluzi okuqala emhlabeni asetshenziswa njengezando.

Lokhu kutholwa kwenziwa eLake Turkana, eKenya ngo-2012. Lokhu okutholakele kuvezwe esidlangalaleni ngu-Jason Lewis kanye no-Sonya Harmand. Bathola idiphozithi enkulu yamatshe anobunjwa obuhlukahlukene asetshenziselwa ukushaya amathambo, ukhuni namanye amatshe.

Ngokocwaningo, lawa ngamatshe esando, futhi okhokho bethu babesebenzisa la mathuluzi ekubulaleni nasekunqumeni. Lawa mathuluzi aziwa ngokuthi izando ze-embryonic. Futhi lezi zihlanganisa amatshe asindayo elliptical kuphela. Lawa matshe anesisindo esisuka ku-300 amagremu kuya ku-1 kilogram.

Ithiphu Esheshayo: Amatshe esando ayengenaso isibambo njengezando zesimanje.

Ngemva kwalokho, lesi sando sombungu sathathelwa indawo isando setshe.

Cabanga ngesibambo sokhuni netshe elixhunywe ngemicu yesikhumba.

Lawa amathuluzi okhokho bethu abawasebenzisa eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-3.27 edlule. Ngokungafani nesando sombungu, isando setshe sasinesibambo. Ngakho, isando samatshe sifana kakhulu nesando sanamuhla.

Ngemva kokufunda lesi sando esilula, badlulela kumathuluzi anjengemimese, izimbazo ezigoqene, nokunye. Yingakho isando siyithuluzi elibaluleke kakhulu emlandweni wethu. Kwasisiza ukuthi siguquke futhi siqonde indlela engcono yokuphila ngo-30000 BC.

Ukuziphendukela kwemvelo okulandelayo

Ukuthuthukiswa okulandelayo kwesando kwabhalwa eNkathini Yensimbi Neyethusi.

Ngo-3000 B.C. ikhanda lesando lalibunjwe ngethusi. Lezi zando zazihlala isikhathi eside ngenxa yethusi elincibilikisiwe. Phakathi nenqubo yokuphonsa, kwadalwa imbobo ekhanda lesando. Lokhu kwavumela isibambo sesando ukuthi sixhumane nekhanda.

Ikhanda lesando le-Iron Age

Kwathi ngeminyaka yabo-1200 ngaphambi kokuzalwa kukaKristu, abantu baqala ukusebenzisa insimbi ukuphonsa amathuluzi. Lokhu kuguquka kwaholela ekhanda lensimbi lesando. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izando zethusi seziphelelwe yisikhathi ngenxa yokuthandwa kwensimbi.

Kuleli qophelo emlandweni, abantu baqala ukwakha izinhlobo ezahlukene zezando. Isibonelo, imiphetho eyindilinga, imiphetho yokusika, ubujamo obuyisikwele, ama-reliefs, njll. Phakathi kwalezi zimo ezihlukahlukene, izando ezinezinzipho ziye zazuza ukuthandwa okukhulu.

Ithiphu Esheshayo: Izando zozipho zinhle kakhulu ekulungiseni izinzipho ezilimele kanye nokulungisa amagophe. Lezi zinto ezikhiqizwe kabusha zenzelwe ukuthi ziphinde zisetshenziswe enqubweni yokuncibilika.

Ukutholwa kwensimbi

Eqinisweni, ukutholakala kwensimbi kuphawula ukuzalwa kwezando zanamuhla. Ngawo-1500s, ukwenza insimbi kwathuthukiswa kwaba imboni enkulu. Ngalokho kwafika izando zensimbi. Lezi zando zensimbi zibe usizo ekusetshenzisweni okuningi namaqembu amaningi.

amatshe
Ukwakhiwa kwekhaya
Abakhandi bensimbi
Abavukuzi
ama-freemason

izando zesimanje

Ngawo-1900, abantu basungula izinto eziningi ezintsha. Isibonelo, i-casin, i-Bakelite kanye nama-alloys ensimbi amasha asetshenziselwa ukwenza amakhanda esando. Lokhu kwenza abantu bakwazi ukusebenzisa isibambo nobuso besando ngezindlela ezahlukene.

Lezi zando zenkathi entsha zadalwa zinobuhle kanye nokusebenziseka kalula engqondweni. Ngalesi sikhathi, kwenziwa izinguquko eziningi esando.

Iningi lezinkampani eziholayo njengeThor & Estwing neStanley zasungulwa ekuqaleni kwawo-1920. Ngaleso sikhathi, lezi zinkampani zezohwebo zazigxile ekwenzeni izando eziyinkimbinkimbi.

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Sasungulwa nini isando sezinzipho?

Ngo-1840, uDavid Maidol wasungula isando sezipikili. Ngaleso sikhathi, wethula lesi sando sezinzipho, esiqondene ngqo nokudonsa izipikili.

Iyini ukusetshenziswa kwetshe lesando?

Itshe lesando liyithuluzi okhokho bethu ababelisebenzisa njengesando. Babewusebenzisa ukuze bagaye ukudla, bagaye insengetsha futhi baphule amathambo. Isando samatshe sasingelinye lamathuluzi okuqala empucuko yomuntu. (1)

Wazi kanjani ukuthi itshe lisetshenziswe njengesando?

Into yokuqala okufanele uyinake ukuma kwetshe. Uma umumo uguqulwa ngamabomu, ungaqinisekisa ukuthi itshe elithile lisetshenziswe njengesando noma ithuluzi. Lokhu kungenzeka ngezindlela ezimbili.

“Ngokuqhunyiswa kwamagobolondo, umuntu angashintsha ukuma kwetshe.

- Ngokukhipha izingcezwana ezincane.

Bheka ezinye zezihloko zethu ngezansi.