Ingabe i-camshaft ingangqongqoza nokuthi yenzeni

Inkinga ingavela ezinjinini ezine-mileage ephezulu noma kulabo okugcinwa kwabo akuzange kugadwe, bagcwalise amafutha omgunyathi namafutha ashibhile, awavamile ukukushintsha, agcinwe kwikhwalithi kanye nesikhathi sokushintshwa kwesihlungi.

Ngaphambili, kwakukhona ama-motors lapho ukugqoka okusheshayo kwe-camshaft kwaba umphumela wokuklama kanye namaphutha ezobuchwepheshe, manje lokhu akwenzeki, zonke izinjini zicishe zifane.

Isimiso sokusebenza kwe-camshaft enjinini

Kungenzeka ukuqinisekisa ukuguqulwa okuphumelelayo kakhulu kwamandla amakhemikhali kaphethiloli abe amandla omshini asetshenziswe ekuhambiseni imoto kuphela uma izimo ezifanele zokuvutha kumasilinda zigcinwa ngokuqinile.

Injini enemivimbo emine kufanele ilayishe ivolumu yokusebenza ngesikhathi ngenani elidingekayo (kanye nekhwalithi) yengxube yamafutha omoya, iyicindezele, iwushise ngesikhathi esifanele futhi ivumele amandla ashisayo ukuthi asetshenziswe ekwandiseni ivolumu ukucindezela okukhulu ku-piston.

Indima ebalulekile kulokhu idlalwa isikhathi se-valve. Eqinisweni, lawa ama-engeli okujikeleza kwe-crankshaft lapho ama-valve evuleka futhi evala khona. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zazo - i-inlet ne-outlet. Uma kukhona ama-valve amaningi, khona-ke lokhu kusho kuphela ukwanda kwenani lama-valve okungena kanye nokukhipha ukuze kuphazamise ukuhamba kwamagesi kancane ngangokunokwenzeka.

Ngaphandle kwezinjini ezihlukile nezigijimayo, amavalvu avalwa yiziphethu ezinamandla ezibuyayo. Kodwa avula ngaphansi kwethonya lamakhamera afihlekile womumo oyinkimbinkimbi (iphrofayela) etholakala kumashafu azungezisayo ngokuhambisana ne-crankshaft. Lapha "i-synchronously" isho ukuxhumana okucacile nokungaqondakali kwamafrikhwensi ajikelezayo, hhayi ubunikazi bawo.

Le shaft, futhi kungase kube khona eyodwa noma ngaphezulu, ibizwa ngokuthi ukusabalalisa noma i-camshaft. Incazelo yegama ukusabalalisa ukugeleza kwengxube kanye nokukhipha amagesi ngamasilinda ngokuvula nokuvala ama-valve.

Ama-engeli lapho amakhamera aphumayo aqondiswe kuwo ngokuhlobene negiya lokushayela noma i-sprocket inquma isikhathi sevalvu. Amashafu ashayelwa amagiya, iketango noma ibhande elinamazinyo elisuka ku-crankshaft.

Noma ikuphi ukushelela noma olunye ushintsho esilinganisweni sefrikhwensi ayifakiwe. Ngokuvamile, i-camshaft yenza inguquko eyodwa njalo ekuphendukeni okubili kwe-crankshaft. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi umjikelezo unqunywa ukusatshalaliswa kwegesi, futhi ngaphakathi komjikelezo kukhona imijikelezo emine, imijikelezo emibili ngenguquko ngayinye.

Imisebenzi eyinhloko yama-camshafts:

• qinisekisa ukunemba kanye nesikhathi sokuvula nokukhululwa (ukuvala ngesiphethu) sevalvu ngayinye;
• setha yonke imingcele yokunyakaza kwe-valve, isivinini, ukusheshisa kanye noshintsho ekusheshiseni kwesiqu ngasinye phakathi nomjikelezo wokuvala wokuvula, okubalulekile ngesivinini esikhulu;
• unikeze ukuphakama kwe-valve okufunayo, okungukuthi, ukumelana nokugeleza kokugcwalisa amasilinda;
• ukuxhumanisa ukungenisa nokukhipha omunye nomunye phezu kwebanga lonke lejubane, ngokuvamile izinhlelo zokushintsha isigaba zisetshenziselwa lokhu - izilawuli zesigaba (izigaba zokushintsha).

Phakathi kwekhamera ye-camshaft kanye nesiqu se-valve kungase kube nezingxenye eziphakathi: ama-pusher, izingalo ze-rocker, amadivaysi okulungisa.

Bahlale benekhono lokusetha igebe elishisayo, ngesandla ngesikhathi sokugcinwa noma ngokuzenzakalelayo, besebenzisa izinxephezelo ze-hydraulic.

Izizathu zokungqongqoza

Imvamisa, ngendlela yokungqongqoza ohlangothini lomshini wokusatshalaliswa kwegesi (isikhathi), kubonakaliswa ushintsho ekususweni kwama-valve, kanye nokubonakala kokuhlehla kwezingalo eziphushayo nasezingalweni ze-rocker. Isibonelo, ukungqongqoza kwepusher esihlalweni sayo esiyicylindrical sekhanda lapho igqokile.

Kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukungqongqoza kuqala ukushicilela kanye ne-camshaft. Lokhu kungenxa yokugqoka kokufaneleka kwayo kokuslayida emibhedeni (ama-bearings angenalutho) noma ushintsho oluqinile kuphrofayili yamakhamera, lapho ukusebenza buthule kungasatholakali nganoma yikuphi ukusetha kwezikhala ezishisayo.

Ngenxa yokugqoka kwama-bearings, i-shaft ingathola inkululeko engathandeki kokubili ekuqondeni kwe-radial ne-axial. Ongqongqozayo uzovela noma kunjalo. Ngendlebe, ukungqongqoza kwe-camshaft kufanele kuhlukaniswe nokungqongqoza kwama-valve, ama-pusher kanye nezingxenye zomshini we-crank.

Ukungqongqoza kwama-valve kuba ne-sonorous, njengaleyo yabaphushayo, kuyehluka ngokuphindaphindiwe, futhi ku-crankshaft nama-pistons, ukungqongqoza kwenziwa endaweni ngaphansi kwekhanda. Ungakwazi futhi ukuhlukanisa imvamisa yokujikeleza, okuyisigamu se-camshaft, kodwa kunzima kakhulu.

Okufanele ukwenze uma kukhona ukungqongqoza okuvela ku-camshaft

Ziyaguga, futhi ngokungalingani, kokubili ama-camshaft kanye nemibhede yawo. Ngaphambilini, kwakukhona ubuchwepheshe bokukhanda obuhlanganisa ukushintshwa kwama-liner noma izindlu ezinama-bearing asembles kanye nokugaya amajenali e-shaft. Ngeshwa, manje abathuthukisi bezinjini abasacabangi ngokulungiswa.

ukusebenza kwenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi ene-camshaft exegayo

Kodwa-ke, akudingekile njalo ukuthenga ikhanda le-block elinemibhede. Kunobuchwepheshe bokukhanda bokufafaza obulandelwa yi-groove yobukhulu obufanayo be-camshaft entsha. Ama-shafts ngokwawo, ngokuguga okuqinile, kufanele ashintshwe.

Kodwa uma sikhuluma ngezingxenye eziyingqayizivele ezingenakuthengwa ngenxa yentengo noma ukutholakala, khona-ke ukufafaza kanye nama-camshafts ezintanyeni nasemakhamera kungenzeka, kulandelwa ukucubungula usayizi nokugaya.

Ngokulimala okuncane ezintanyeni, ukupholisa kusetshenziswe, kodwa leli cala alisebenzi esihlokweni, ama-shafts anjalo awangqongqozi. Ukungqongqoza kuzoba uphawu lokugqoka ngokweqile, lapho kungasakwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kokufaka izingxenye ezinkulu.