Ungawalungisa kanjani ama-valve enjini

Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwenjini, zonke izingxenye zishintsha ubukhulu bazo bejiyomethri ngenxa yokwanda okushisayo, okungabonakali ngaso sonke isikhathi ngokunembile. Le nkinga futhi ithinta ukushayela kwama-valve omshini wokusabalalisa igesi ezinjinini ezine-stroke. Lapha kubalulekile ukuvula nokuvala iziteshi ze-inlet kanye ne-outlet ngokunembe kakhulu nangesikhathi esifanele, usebenze ekugcineni kwe-valve stem, okunzima ezimweni zokwandisa, kokubili iziqu ngokwazo kanye nekhanda lonke le-block.

Abaqambi baphoqeleka ukuthi bashiye izikhala ezishisayo emajoyintini noma baphendukele ekufakeni amayunithi abo okunxeshezelwa ngomshini.

Indima yama-valve nesikhathi se-valve enjinini

Esinye sezici ezibaluleke kakhulu zenjini uma kuziwa ekuphumeni kwayo okukhulu kwamandla ngokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli okwamukelekayo ukugcwalisa amasilinda ngengxube entsha. Ingena kumthamo wokusebenza ngohlelo lwe-valve, futhi ikhipha amagesi okukhipha amandla.

Lapho injini isebenza ngesivinini esikhulu, futhi ingacatshangelwa, ngokucatshangwa okuthile, kokubili kokungenzi lutho okuphezulu nokuncane, izixuku zegesi ezidlula kumasilinda ziqala ukukhombisa izakhiwo zazo ze-aerodynamic, i-inert nezinye ezihlotshaniswa nokusebenza kahle kokuvutha kanye ukwanda okushisayo.

Ukunemba kanye nokwenza kahle kokukhipha amandla kaphethiloli kanye nokuguqulwa kwawo kube amandla asetshenziswayo kuncike ekunikezweni ngesikhathi kwengxube endaweni yokusebenza, okulandelwa ukususwa kwayo ngokushesha okungatheni.

Izikhathi zokuvula nokuvala ama-valve zinqunywa isigaba sokunyakaza kwe-piston. Ngakho-ke umqondo wokusatshalaliswa kwegesi ngezigaba.

Nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, futhi kumotho lokhu kusho i-engeli yokujikeleza kwe-crankshaft kanye nokushaywa okuthile kwenjini ngaphakathi komjikelezo, isimo se-valve sinqunywa ngokucacile. Ingancika kuphela ngesivinini kanye nomthwalo ngaphakathi kwemikhawulo eqinile evamile ebekwe uhlelo lokulungiswa kwesigaba (abalawuli besigaba). Afakwe izinjini zesimanje nezithuthuke kakhulu.

Izimpawu nemiphumela yokugunyazwa okungalungile

Ngokufanelekile, ukunemba kwama-valve kuqinisekisa ukuthi i-zero backlash. Khona-ke i-valve izolandela ngokucacile i-trajectory esethwe iphrofayili yekhamera ye-camshaft. Inefomu eliyinkimbinkimbi futhi elikhethwe ngokucophelela ngabathuthukisi bemoto.

Kodwa ukuqaphela lokhu kungenzeka kuphela uma usebenzisa izinxephezelo ze-hydraulic gap, kuye ngomklamo othize, obizwa nangokuthi ama-hydraulic pushers nama-hydraulic supports.

Kwezinye izimo, igebe lizoba lincane, kodwa libe nomkhawulo, kuye ngezinga lokushisa. Abathuthukisi benjini yomlilo yangaphakathi, ngokuhlola kanye nokubala, banquma ukuthi kufanele ibe njani ekuqaleni, ukuze ngaphansi kwanoma yiziphi izimo ukuguqulwa kokuvunyelwa kungaphazamisi ukusebenza kwemoto, okubangela ukulimala noma ukwehlisa izimfanelo zayo zabathengi.

Ukususwa okukhulu

Ekuboneni kokuqala, ukucaciswa kwe-valve okwandayo kubonakala kuphephile. Azikho izinguquko zokushisa ezizokwehlisa zibe ziro, ezigcwele izinkinga.

Kodwa ukukhula kwezinqolobane ezinjalo akudluli ngaphandle kokulandela umkhondo:

• injini iqala ukwenza ukungqongqoza kwesici, okuhlotshaniswa nokwanda kokusheshisa kwezingxenye ngaphambi kokuhlangana;
• ukushaqeka kwemithwalo kuholela ekwenyukeni kokuguga kanye nokuqhekeka kwezindawo zensimbi, uthuli nama-chips okuba umphumela uyahlukana phakathi kwenjini, kulimaze zonke izingxenye ezigcotshwe ku-crankcase evamile;
• isikhathi se-valve siqala ukugoba ngenxa yesikhathi esidingekayo ukuze ukhethe izikhala, okuholela ekusebenzeni kabi ngesivinini esikhulu.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi injini eshaya ngamandla enezikhala ezinkulu ingadonsa kahle kuma-revs aphansi, izuze, njengoba besho, “i-tractor traction”. Kodwa awukwazi ukwenza lokhu ngamabomu, injini izogugiswa ngokushesha imikhiqizo evela ezindaweni ezithola imithwalo yokushaqeka.

Igebe elincane

Ukunciphisa igebe kugcwele imiphumela esheshayo nengalungiseki. Njengoba ifudumala, imvume enganele izoshesha ibe yi-zero, futhi ukuphazamiseka kuzovela ekuhlanganyeleni kwamakhamera nama-valve. Ngenxa yalokho, amapuleti e-valve ngeke esangena ngokuqinile ezidlekeni zawo.

Ukupholisa kwama-valve discs kuzophazamiseka, ingxenye yokushisa okubalwe ukuyilahla ensimbi yekhanda ngesikhathi sesigaba sokuvala. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ama-valve enziwe ngezinsimbi ezikwazi ukumelana nokushisa, azoshisa ngokushesha futhi ashise ngokusebenzisa ukushisa nomoya-mpilo otholakalayo. I-motor izolahlekelwa ukucindezelwa futhi ihluleke.

Ukulungiswa kwe-valve clearance

Ezinye izinjini zivame ukwandisa ukuphuma kwama-valve ngesikhathi sokusebenza okujwayelekile ngenxa yokuguga. Yinto ephephile lena, ngoba kunzima ukungakuboni ukungqongqoza osekuqalile.

Okubi kakhulu, futhi ngeshwa lena yindlela iningi lama-motor aziphatha ngayo lapho izikhala zehla ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngakho-ke, ukuze ukhiphe i-zeroing yezikhala kanye nokushiswa kwamapuleti, kuyadingeka ukwenza izinguquko ngokuqinile ngokwemithetho yefekthri.

Sisebenzisa i-probe

Indlela elula ukususa isembozo se-valve, ususe ikhamera kude nevalvu ehlolwayo bese uzama ukufaka igeji yokukala eyisicaba ukusuka kukhithi uye esikhaleni.

Ngokuvamile, ukushuba kwama-probe kune-pitch engu-0,05 mm, eyanele ukulinganisa ngokunemba okwamukelekayo. Ubukhulu bobukhulu bama-probe, obusadlula esikhaleni, buthathwa njengosayizi wegebe.

Ngesitimela kanye nenkomba

Kwamanye ama-motor, imvamisa lawo anezingalo ze-rocker (ama-levers, ama-rocker) kumshini wokushayela, kungenzeka ukufaka idivaysi ngendlela yesitimela, lapho amasokhethi anikezwa khona ukufaka inkomba yokudayela enembile.

Ngokuletha umlenze wayo ku-lever ebhekene nesiqu, unganyakazisa i-rocker ngaphandle kwekhamera ngesandla noma ngemfoloko ekhethekile, ufunda ukufundwa esikalini senkomba ngokunemba okungaba ngu-0,01 mm. Ukunemba okunjalo akudingekile ngaso sonke isikhathi, kodwa kuba lula kakhulu ukulawula.

Okufanele ukwenze uma i-HBO ibiza

Inhlanganisela ye-propane-butane inesilinganiso se-octane esiphezulu kakhulu kunophethiloli wenhloso evamile. Ngokuvumelana nalokho, ishisa kancane kancane, ifudumeza ama-valve okukhipha ngesikhathi sokuphuma. Izikhala ziqala ukwehla kakhulu kunalokho okucatshangwa abathuthukisi bemoto, bethatha ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli.

Ukuze ugweme ukushiswa ngaphambi kwesikhathi kwamasimbali nezisekelo, izikhala ngesikhathi sokulungiswa zisethiwe zanda. Inani elithile lincike injini, ngokuvamile okuhlanganisa 0,15-0,2 mm.

Okuningi kungenzeka, kodwa-ke kufanele ubekezelele umsindo, amandla ancishisiwe kanye nokwenyuka kokuguga kumshini wokusabalalisa igesi lapho usebenza ngemithwalo eyingxenye. Isixazululo esingcono kakhulu kungaba ukusebenzisa izinjini ezinama-hydraulic compensator for gas.

Isibonelo sokulungisa ama-valve ku-VAZ 2107

I-VAZ-2107 inenjini yakudala ene-valve drive ngokusebenzisa ama-rockers avela ku-camshaft eyodwa. Izikhala zikhula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umklamo awuphelele, ngakho ukulungiswa kuyadingeka cishe njalo ngamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingu-20.

Ungenza lo msebenzi ngokwakho, ikhono lithuthukiswa ngokushesha okukhulu. Kokusebenzisekayo, udinga kuphela i-gasket yekhava ye-valve, akufanele uzame ukuyifaka kabusha noma nge-sealant, isembozo sibuthakathaka, izinsimbi azithembekile, i-motor izogcwala ngokushesha ukungcola okuvela kumafutha avuzayo.

Ngomsebenzi, kufiseleka kakhulu ukuthenga isethi yama-rails kanye nenkomba. Izinzuzo zaziwa yilabo abasebenza ngezinjini ngobungcweti futhi abakwazi ukubona umehluko phakathi kokulungisa okunembayo kanye negeji evamile yokuzizwa.

Indlela elula yokulungisa ama-valve e-VAZ 2107 ngemizuzu emihlanu

Ukuhleleka komsebenzi kumasilinda kanye namakhamera we-camshaft kuqoshwe kumzila wesitimela ngokwawo, futhi kuyatholakala kunoma iyiphi incwadi ye-VAZ noma incwadi yokulungisa.

1. I-cylinder yesine isethwe esikhungweni esiphezulu esifile se-stroke yokucindezela, ngemva kwalokho ama-valve 6 no-8 alungiswa. Igebe likalwa ngenkomba, ngemva kwalokho i-lock nut iyathukululwa futhi isinxephezelo sokugqoka esibaliwe yethulwa ngebhawodi yokulungisa.
2. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenza kuyaphindwa kuwo wonke ama-valve, ukuguqula i-crankshaft ngokulandelana ngamadigri angu-180, noma kuzoba ngu-90 eduze kwe-camshaft. Izinombolo zekhamera nama-engeli wokuzungezisa akhonjisiwe ku-rack.
3. Uma kusetshenziswa i-feeler gauge, ifakwa esikhaleni, icindezelwe ngebhawodi yokulungisa kanye nenati lokukhiya. Bafinyelela ukucindezela okunjalo ukuthi kukhishwe ngaphandle kwegebe ngomzamo omncane, lokhu kuzohambisana negebe elijwayelekile lika-0,15 mm.

Ukusebenzisa iqiniso lokuthi ikhava isusiwe, kuyoba usizo ukuhlola ukushuba kweketango kanye nesimo se-tensioner, isicathulo sayo kanye nomhlahlandlela. Uma udinga ukulungisa okuthile noma uqinise iketango, bese ulungisa ama-valve ngemva kokuqeda zonke izinqubo ngeketanga.