Yini okufanele ibe igebe phakathi kwepiston nesilinda
Okuqukethwe
Ukuqinisekisa ukucindezelwa okuphezulu enjini, futhi lokhu kuthinta kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kwayo kanye namanye amakhono mayelana nokukhishwa, ukukhululeka kokuqala nokusetshenziswa okuqondile, ama-pistons kufanele abe kumasilinda anemvume encane. Kodwa akunakwenzeka ukuyinciphisa ibe yi-zero, ngenxa yamazinga okushisa ahlukene ezingxenyeni, injini izogxuma.
Ngakho-ke, imvume inqunywa ngokubala futhi ibhekwe ngokuqinile, futhi ukubekwa uphawu okudingekile kufezwa ngokusebenzisa izindandatho ze-spring piston njengegesi kanye ne-oil seal.
Kungani igebe phakathi kwepiston nesilinda lishintsha?
Abaklami bezimoto balwela ukuthi izingxenye zenjini zisebenze kumodi yokushayisana koketshezi.
Lena indlela yokugcoba izindawo zokugcoba lapho, ngenxa yamandla efilimu yamafutha noma ukunikezwa kwamafutha ngaphansi kwengcindezi kanye nezinga lokugeleza elidingekayo, ukuthintana okuqondile kwezingxenye akwenzeki ngisho nangaphansi komthwalo obalulekile.
Hhayi njalo futhi hhayi kuzo zonke izindlela isimo esinjalo singagcinwa. Kunezici ezimbalwa ezithonya lokhu:
- indlala kawoyela, ukunikezwa koketshezi lokugcoba, njengoba kwenziwa kuma-bearings we-crankshaft nama-camshafts, akwenziwa ngaphansi kwengcindezi endaweni ephakathi kwepiston nesilinda, nezinye izindlela zokugcoba azinikezi ngaso sonke isikhathi umphumela ozinzile, uwoyela okhethekile. ama-nozzles asebenza kahle kakhulu, kodwa ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene uwabeke ngokungabaza;
- iphethini ye-honing eyenziwe kabi noma egqoke ebusweni be-cylinder, iklanyelwe ukubamba ifilimu yamafutha futhi ivimbele ukuthi ingashabalali ngokuphelele ngaphansi kwamandla amasongo e-piston;
- ukwephulwa kombuso wokushisa kubangela i-zeroing yegebe elishisayo, ukunyamalala kwesendlalelo samafutha kanye nokubonakala kwamagoli kuma-piston namasilinda;
- ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha ekhwalithi ephansi ngokuphambuka kuzo zonke izici ezibalulekile.
Kubukeka kuyindida, kodwa ingaphezulu lesilinda liguga kakhulu, nakuba ngokuvamile lenziwe ngensimbi ekhonjiwe, liyibhulokhi lensimbi eliqinile noma omalayini abahlukahlukene omile nabamanzi abaphonswe ku-aluminium yebhulokhi.
Ngisho noma umkhono ungekho, ingaphezulu le-aluminium cylinder libhekene nokwelashwa okukhethekile, futhi ungqimba lwe-coating ekhethekile eqinile yokugqoka yenziwa phezu kwayo.
Lokhu kungenxa yokucindezela okuzinzile ku-piston, okuthi, lapho kukhona ukugcoba, cishe ayisusi insimbi kuyo ngesikhathi sokunyakaza. Kodwa isilinda singaphansi komsebenzi onzima wezindandatho zasentwasahlobo ezinengcindezi ethile ephezulu ngenxa yendawo encane yokuxhumana.
Ngokwemvelo, i-piston nayo iyaguga, ngisho noma kwenzeka ngenani eliphansi. Njengomphumela wokuguga okuphelele kwazo zombili izindawo zokungqubuzana, igebe likhula ngokuqhubekayo, futhi lingalingani.
Izindinganiso zokuthobela
Esimweni sokuqala, isilinda sihambisana ngokugcwele negama laso, isibalo sejometri esinobubanzi obungaguquki ngaphezu kobude bonke kanye nombuthano kunoma yisiphi isigaba se-perpendicular to the axis. Kodwa-ke, i-piston inomumo oyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ngaphandle kwalokho, inezinsimbi zokushisa ukushisa, ngenxa yalokho ikhula ngokungalingani ngesikhathi sokusebenza.
Ukuhlola isimo segebe, umehluko kububanzi be-piston endaweni yesiketi kanye nesilinda engxenyeni yayo ephakathi kuyakhethwa.
Ngokusemthethweni, kubhekwa ukuthi igebe elishisayo kufanele libe cishe ku-3 kuya ku-5 amakhulu we-millimeter ububanzi ezingxenyeni ezintsha, futhi inani layo eliphakeme ngenxa yokugqoka akufanele lidlule i-15thths, okungukuthi, i-0,15 mm.
Yiqiniso, lawa amanye amanani ajwayelekile, kunezinjini eziningi kakhulu futhi ziyahlukahluka kokubili ngezindlela ezihlukene zokuklama kanye nobukhulu bejometri yezingxenye, kuye ngevolumu yokusebenza.
Umphumela wokwephulwa kwegebe
Ngokunyuka kwegebe, futhi ngokuvamile kuhlotshaniswa nokuwohloka kokusebenza kwamasongo, amafutha amaningi aqala ukungena ekamelweni elivuthayo futhi asetshenziswe emfucuza.
Ngokweqile, lokhu kufanele kunciphise ukucindezela, kodwa kaningi, ngokuphambene nalokho, kuyanda, ngenxa yobuningi bamafutha emasongweni okucindezela, ukuvala izikhala zabo. Kodwa lokhu akusona isikhathi eside, amasongo e-coke, alale phansi, futhi ukucindezela kuyanyamalala ngokuphelele.
Ama-piston anezimvume ezengeziwe ngeke esakwazi ukusebenza ngendlela evamile futhi aqale ukungqongqoza. I-knock ye-piston izwakala ngokucacile ekushintsheni, okungukuthi, endaweni ephezulu, lapho inhloko engezansi yenduku yokuxhuma ishintsha indlela yokuhamba kwayo, futhi i-piston idlula isikhungo esifile.
Isiketi sisuka kude nodonga olulodwa lwesilinda futhi, sikhetha igebe, sishaya okuphambene ngamandla. Awukwazi ukugibela ngokukhala okunjalo, i-piston ingawa, okuzoholela enhlekeleleni kuyo yonke injini.
Ungahlola kanjani imvume phakathi kwepiston nesilinda
Ukuze uhlole igebe, imishini yokulinganisa isetshenziswa ngendlela ye-micrometer kanye ne-gauge yangaphakathi, lo mbhangqwana unesigaba sokunemba esikuvumela ukuthi uphendule yonke ingxenye eyikhulu yamamilimitha.
I-micrometer ikala ububanzi bepiston endaweni yesiketi sayo, i-perpendicular to the finger. Induku ye-micrometer ilungiswa nge-clamp, emva kwalokho igeji yangaphakathi isethwe ku-zero kuyilapho ibeke ithiphu layo lokulinganisa entongeni ye-micrometer.
Ngemuva kokumisa okunjalo, inkomba ye-caliper izobonisa ukuphambuka kusuka kububanzi bepiston ngekhulu lamamilimitha.
Isilinda sikalwa ngezindiza ezintathu, ingxenye engaphezulu, emaphakathi nephansi, eduze kwendawo ye-piston stroke. Izilinganiso ziyaphindwa eduze kwe-eksisi yomunwe nangaphesheya.
Ngenxa yalokho, isimo sesilinda ngemva kokugqoka singahlolwa. Into esemqoka edingekayo ukuba khona kokungahambi kahle njengokuthi "ellipse" ne "cone". Esokuqala siwukuchezuka kwesigaba ukusuka endingilizini kuya ku-oval, futhi okwesibili ukushintsha kobubanzi obuhambisana ne-eksisi eqondile.
Ukuba khona kokuphambuka kwamahektare amaningana kubonisa ukungenakwenzeka kokusebenza okuvamile kwamasongo kanye nesidingo sokulungisa amasilinda noma esikhundleni se-block.
Amafekthri avame ukuphoqelela amakhasimende umhlangano webhulokhi nge-crankshaft (ibhulokhi elifushane). Kodwa kuvame ukuvela ukuthi ishibhile kakhulu ukulungisa nge-bore, ezimweni ezinzima - ngomkhono, ngokushintshwa kwamapiston ngamaphistoni amasha ajwayelekile noma amakhulu kakhulu.
Ngisho nezinjini ezingezona ezintsha ezinama-pistons ajwayelekile, kungenzeka ukuthi ukhethe ngokunembile izimvume. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ama-pistons asakazwa ngamaqembu ngokuphambuka kobubanzi bekhulu. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi usethe igebe ngokunemba okuphelele futhi uqinisekise ukusebenza kahle kwemoto kanye nempilo yayo yesikhathi esizayo.
