Ukwenziwa kwesimanjemanje kwendiza ye-US Strategic Command

Okuqukethwe

Kokubili i-Air Force kanye ne-US Navy banezinhlelo zokwenza izindiza zibe zesimanje ezikhungweni zokulawula zenuzi. I-US Air Force ihlela ukufaka esikhundleni sendiza yayo yezindiza ezine ze-Boeing E-4B Nigthwatch ngesiteji esinosayizi ofanayo nokusebenza. I-US Navy, yona, ifuna ukusebenzisa i-Lockheed Martin C-130J-30 elungiswe kahle, okumele ingene esikhundleni sezindiza eziyishumi nesithupha ze-Boeing E-6B Mercury esikhathini esizayo.
- Ukusebenza "Ngengilazi ebukekayo" kanye "ne-Night Watch"
- Mission TAKAMO

I-US Air Force isebenzisa izindiza ezine ze-Boeing E-4B Nightwatch ezisebenza njenge-US Government Air Traffic Control Center (NEACP).

Kokubili i-Air Force kanye ne-US Navy banezinhlelo zokwenza izindiza zibe zesimanje ezikhungweni zokulawula zenuzi. I-US Air Force ihlela ukufaka esikhundleni sendiza yayo yezindiza ezine ze-Boeing E-4B Nigthwatch ngesiteji esinosayizi ofanayo nokusebenza. I-US Navy, yona, ifuna ukusebenzisa i-Lockheed Martin C-130J-30 elungiswe kahle, okumele ingene esikhundleni sezindiza eziyishumi nesithupha ze-Boeing E-6B Mercury esikhathini esizayo.

Lezi zikhungo ezishiwo ngenhla ziyizindiza ezibaluleke kakhulu, ezivumela ukuxhumana uma kwenzeka kucekelwa phansi noma kuqedwa izikhungo zokuthatha izinqumo zase-US. Kufanele bavumele iziphathimandla zikahulumeni - umongameli noma amalungu kahulumeni wase-US (i-NCA - I-National Command Authority) ukuthi iphile - phakathi nengxabano yenuzi. Ngenxa yazo zombili izinkundla, iziphathimandla zase-US zinganikeza imiyalo efanelekile yemicibisholo ecitshwayo ye-intercontinental ballistic etholakala ezimayini ezingaphansi komhlaba, amabhomu ahlakaniphile anezihloko zezikhali zenuzi kanye nemikhumbi-ngwenya ecitshwayo ecitshwayo.

Ukusebenza "Ngengilazi ebukekayo" kanye "ne-Night Watch"

NgoFebhuwari 1961, i-Strategic Air Command (SAC) yethula i-Operation Through the Looking Glass. Umgomo wayo kwakuwukugcina izindiza ezihamba emoyeni zisemoyeni, zenza imisebenzi yomyalo kanye nendawo yokulawula yamabutho enuzi (ABNCP - Airborne Command Post). Izindiza eziyisithupha ze-Boeing KC-135A Stratotanker ezifaka amafutha, eziqokwe i-EC-135A, zikhethelwe le mishini. Ekuqaleni bezisebenza njengeziteshi zomsakazo endizayo kuphela. Nokho, kakade ngo-1964, 17 EC-135C izindiza zafakwa enkonzweni. Lezi bekuyizinkundla ezikhethekile ze-ABNCP ezihlome ngohlelo lwe-ALCS (Airborne Launch Control System), oluvumela ukwethulwa kude kwemicibisholo ejikijelwayo evela eziqhulwini ezisekelwe phansi. Emashumini eminyaka alandela eMpi Yomshoshaphansi, umyalo we-SAC wasebenzisa indiza ehlukahlukene ye-ABNCP ukuze iqhube i-Operation Through the Looking Glass, njenge-EC-135P, EC-135G, EC-135H kanye ne-EC-135L.

Maphakathi nawo-60s, iPentagon yethula umsebenzi ofanayo obizwa nge-Night Watch. Inhloso yawo kwakuwukugcina ukulungela ukulwa kwezindiza ezisebenza njengezikhungo zokulawula ukuthuthwa kwezindiza zikaMongameli kanye Negatsha Eliphethe Lezwe (i-NEACP - I-National Emergency Airborne Command Post). Uma kwenzeka noma iyiphi inkinga, indima yabo kwakuwukukhipha uMongameli kanye namalungu kahulumeni wase-US. Amathangi amathathu e-KC-135B, alungiselwe izinga le-EC-135J, akhethelwe ukwenza umsebenzi we-NEACP. Ekuqaleni kwawo-70s, kwaqalwa uhlelo lokuthatha indawo yendiza i-EC-135J ngeplatifomu entsha. Ngo-February 1973, i-Boeing yathola inkontileka yokuhlinzeka ngezindiza ezimbili ze-Boeing 747-200B ezishintshiwe, eziqokwe i-E-4A. Ama-E-Systems athole i-oda lokuyihlomisa ngama-avionics nezinhlelo zokuxhumana. Ngo-1973, i-USAF yathola amanye ama-B747-200B amabili. Eyesine yayihlome ngemishini yesimanjemanje, okuhlanganisa. i-antenna yezokuxhumana ngesathelayithi yohlelo lwe-MILSTAR futhi ngenxa yalokho ithole igama elithi E-4B. Ekugcineni, ngoJanuwari 1985, womathathu ama-E-4A athuthukiswa ngokufanayo futhi aqokwa nge-E-4B. Ukukhethwa kwe-B747-200B njengeplathifomu ye-Night Watch kusize ukudalwa komyalo kahulumeni nezikhungo zokulawula ngezinga eliphezulu lokuzimela. I-E-4B ingakwazi ukugibela, ngaphezu kwabasebenzi, abantu abangaba ngu-60. Esimeni esiphuthumayo, abantu abangafika ku-150 bangahlaliswa ebhodini. Ngenxa yekhono lokuthatha uphethiloli emoyeni, ubude bendiza be-E-4B bunqunyelwe kuphela ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo. Bangakwazi ukuhlala emoyeni ngaphandle kwekhefu kuze kube yizinsuku ezimbalwa.

Ekuqaleni kuka-2006, kwakunohlelo lokuqeda wonke ama-E-4B ukuze luqale phakathi neminyaka emithathu. Ekufuneni ingxenye yokonga, i-Air Force iphinde yaphakamisa ukuthi isibonelo esisodwa kuphela esingahoxiswa. Ngo-2007, lezi zinhlelo zashiywa futhi kwaqala ukuthuthukiswa kancane kancane kwemikhumbi ye-E-4B. Ngokusho kwe-US Air Force, lezi zindiza zingakwazi ukusebenza ngokuphepha esikhathini esingaphezu kuka-2038.

I-E-4B ifakwa uphethroli yindiza yethangi le-Boeing KC-46A Pegasus. Ungabona ngokucacile umehluko obalulekile ngobukhulu bazo zombili izakhiwo.

Mission TAKAMO

Ekuqaleni kwawo-60, i-US Navy yaqala uhlelo lokwethula uhlelo lwezokuxhumana olusebhodini ngemikhumbi-ngwenya ejikijelwayo ebizwa ngokuthi i-TACAMO (Thatha futhi Uphume). Ngo-1962, ukuhlolwa kwaqala ngendiza ye-KC-130F Hercules yokufaka amafutha. Ifakwe isidlulisi sefrikhwensi yerediyo ephansi kakhulu (i-VLF) kanye nekhebula le-antenna eliphumuza phakathi nendiza futhi linqamule ngesisindo esimise okwekhoni. Kwabe sekunqunywa ukuthi ukuze kutholwe amandla afanele kanye nebanga lokudlulisela, ikhebula kufanele libe ngu-8 km ubude futhi lidonswe yindiza ecishe iqonde mpo. Indiza, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kufanele icishe iqhubeke njalo indilinga. Ku-1966, ama-Hercules C-130G amane aguqulelwe umsebenzi we-TACAMO futhi aqokwa i-EC-130G. Nokho, lesi kwakuyisixazululo sesikhashana. Ngo-1969, ama-EC-12Q angu-130 emishini ye-TACAMO aqala ukungena enkonzweni. Ama-EC-130G amane nawo ashintshiwe ukuze ahlangabezane nezinga le-EC-130Q.