Ukudluliswa kwe-manual - gearbox manual
Okuqukethwe
I-transmission manual ingenye yezingxenye ezibaluleke kakhulu zemoto, umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukwamukela, ukushintsha nokudlulisa i-torque kusuka emotweni kuya emasondweni. Ngamagama alula, ivumela amasondo emoto ukuthi ajikeleze ngesivinini esihlukile ngesivinini esifanayo senjini.
Abashayeli abaningi bezimoto bangase babe nombuzo onengqondo, kodwa kungani sidinga lo mshini? Ngemuva kwakho konke, ijubane lemoto lincike emandleni okucindezela i-accelerator, futhi, kubonakala sengathi, ungakwazi ukuxhuma injini ngqo kumasondo. Kodwa amayunithi motor asebenza uhla 800-8000 rpm. Futhi lapho ushayela - ebangeni elincane kakhulu lika-1500-4000 rpm. Ukugijima isikhathi eside kakhulu ku-RPM ephansi (ngaphansi kuka-1500) kuzodala ukuthi injini yehluleke ngokushesha ngoba umfutho kawoyela ayanele ukugcoba. Futhi ukusebenza isikhathi eside ngesivinini esiphezulu kakhulu (ngaphezu kuka-4000) kubangela ukuguga okusheshayo kwezingxenye.
Cabanga ukuthi i-gearbox ishintsha kanjani ijubane lemoto:
- injini izungeza i-crankshaft bese ishayela ku-shaft ngesikhathi sokusebenza;
- lokhu kunyakaza kudluliselwa egiyeni lika-transmission manual
- amagiya aqala ukuzungeza ngesivinini esihlukene;
- umshayeli uhlanganisa igiya elikhethiwe;
- ijubane lokujikeleza elinikeziwe lidluliselwa ku-cardan shaft namasondo;
- imoto iqala ukuhamba ngesivinini esidingekayo.
Ngamanye amazwi, u-gearbox uklanyelwe ukuqinisekisa ukukhetha kwemodi efanele yokusebenza kwezimoto ezimeni ezahlukene emgwaqeni - ukusheshisa, ukubhuleka, ukushayela okubushelelezi, njalonjalo. Ku "Mechanics" inqubo yokushintsha amagiya yenziwa ngumshayeli kwimodi yezandla, ngaphandle kokusebenzisa amadivaysi asizayo.
Imininingwane yokudlulisa ngesandla
Amakhono emoto ngayinye ene-manual transmission ancike esilinganisweni segiya, i.e. ukuthi mangaki amagiya akhona okulawula isivinini semoto. Izimoto zesimanje zijwayele ukuba namagiya amahlanu ashintshwayo.
Ukuhanjiswa okwenziwa ngesandla kuye kwakhiqizwa iminyaka engaphezu kweyi-100, namuhla ukwakheka kwabo sekulethwe cishe ekupheleleni. Zinokwethenjelwa, ukonga ekugcinweni, azithobeki ekusebenzeni futhi zilungiswa kalula. Mhlawumbe okuwukuphela kwemiphumela yabo yisidingo sokushitsha amagiya bebodwa.
U-gearbox usebenza eduze ne-clutch. Uma ushintsha igiya, umshayeli kufanele acindezele i-clutch pedal ukuze avumelanise ukusebenza kwenjini namashafti alawula ukwanda/ukuncipha kwejubane.
Lapho umshayeli ecindezela i-clutch futhi eqala ukushintsha igiya, amafoloko e-shift aqala ukusebenza, ahambisa ama-clutch ngendlela oyifunayo ukuze ashintshe. Kulokhu, ukukhiya (ukuvinjwa) kusebenze ngokushesha, okungabandakanyi ithuba lokushintsha ngesikhathi esisodwa amagiya amabili ngesikhathi esisodwa. Uma idivayisi ibingahlomekile ngesikhiya, khona-ke ngezikhathi ezithile izimfoloko zokushintsha igiya zingabambelela kuma-clutch amabili ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Ngemuva kokuthi imfoloko ithinte i-clutch, inikeza isiqondiso esidingekayo. Amazinyo okuhlanganisa kanye negiya lokudlulisela eliseduze ne-shaft axhumene, ngenxa yokuthi igiya livinjiwe. Ngemuva kwalokho, ukujikeleza okuhlanganisiwe okuhlangene ku-shaft kuqala ngokushesha, ukuhanjiswa kwe-manual kudlulisela lokhu kujikeleza ku-propulsion unit, ukusuka kuyo kuya ku-cardan shaft bese kuya kumasondo ngokwawo. Yonke le nqubo ithatha ingxenye yesekhondi.
Esimeni esifanayo, uma kungekho nokukodwa kwama-splined couplings asebenzisana negiya (okungukuthi alivimbi), ibhokisi lisesimweni sokungathathi hlangothi. Ngakho-ke, ukuhamba phambili akunakwenzeka, njengoba iyunithi yamandla kanye nokudlulisela kusesimweni esinqanyuliwe.
I-gearbox ye-manual ngokuvamile ifakwe i-lever ephathekayo, ochwepheshe abayibiza ngokuthi "isikhethi". Ngokucindezela i-lever endaweni ethile, umshayeli ukhetha ukunyuka noma ukwehla kwesivinini. Ngokwesiko, isikhethi segiya sifakwa ebhokisini ngokwalo endaweni yabagibeli, noma eceleni.
Izinzuzo zokusebenzisa ukudluliswa kwezandla eRussia
Inzuzo ebaluleke kakhulu yezimoto ezidluliswa ngesandla zingabhekwa njengezindleko zabo, ngaphezu kwalokho, "imishini" ayidingi ukupholisa okukhethekile, okuvame ukuhlonywa nge-othomathikhi.
Wonke umshayeli onesipiliyoni wazi kahle ukuthi izimoto ezishintshwayo ziyonga kakhulu ekusebenziseni uphethiloli. Isibonelo, i-Peugeot 208 Active 1.6 kaphethiloli, i-manual (115 hp), etholakala eqenjini lezinkampani zeFavorit Motors, idla amalitha angu-5.2 kuphela kaphethiloli ngamakhilomitha angu-100 ezindaweni zasemadolobheni. Njengalolu hlobo, ezinye izinhlobo zezimoto ezine-manual transmission njengamanje zifunwa yilabo bashayeli abafuna ukonga imali ngokuthenga uphethiloli ngaphandle kokuphazamisa indlela yokusebenza kwemoto.
I-transmission manual inomklamo olula, ukuze ukuxazulula izinkinga kungenziwa ngaphandle kokusebenzisa imishini ebizayo. Yebo, futhi ukulungiswa ngokwayo kuzodinga ukutshalwa kwezimali okuncane kakhulu kumnikazi wemoto kunasesimeni sokuxazulula inkinga ekudluliseni okuzenzakalelayo.
Enye inzuzo ye "mechanics" ukwethembeka nokuqina. Impilo ye-manual transmission imvamisa ilingana nempilo yemoto uqobo. Ukuthembeka okuphezulu kwebhokisi kuba ngesinye sezizathu ezinkulu ezenza abashayeli bakhethe izimoto ezishintshwayo. Kodwa-ke, imininingwane yokushintshwa kwamagiya izodinga ukushintshwa okuvame ukushintshwa kwezindlela ze-clutch, kodwa lena akuyona inqubo ebiza kakhulu.
Ezimweni eziphuthumayo emgwaqeni, imoto ene-manual transmission inezinketho eziningi nezindlela (ukushayela odakeni, iqhwa, amanzi). Ngakho-ke, ngisho nomshayeli ongenalwazi uzokwazi ukubhekana nokushayela ngaphandle komgwaqo obushelelezi. Uma kwenzeka ukuphuka, imoto ene-manual transmission ingaqalwa ngokusheshisa, futhi ivunyelwe ukuthutha imoto nge-tow ngaphandle kwemingcele yejubane lokuhamba.
Ingabe uphelelwe ibhethri noma isiqalisi esihlulekile? Kwanele ukubeka imoto nge "mechanics" ibe "neutral" bese uyiphusha, bese uvula igiya lesithathu - futhi imoto izoqala! Nge "othomathikhi" iqhinga elinjalo alikwazi ukwenziwa.
Ukudluliselwa ngesandla ngesandla
Amagiya esimanjemanje anenani elihlukile lamagiya - ukusuka kwamane ukuya kwayisikhombisa. Ochwepheshe babheka amagiya angu-5 no-6 njengokulungiswa okuhle, njengoba enikeza ukulawula okuphelele kwejubane lemoto.
Ama-gearbox angu-4-speed aphelelwe yisikhathi, namuhla atholakala kuphela ezimotweni ezisetshenzisiwe. Izimoto zanamuhla zithuthukisa isivinini esikhulu, futhi "izinyathelo ezine" aziklanyelwe ukushayela ngesivinini esingaphezu kuka-120 km / h. Njengoba kunamagiya angu-4 kuphela, uma ushayela ngesivinini esikhulu, kufanele ugcine isivinini esikhulu, okuholela ekugqokeni kwenjini ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
I-manual enamagiya ayisikhombisa ithembekile futhi ivumela ukuthi imoto ikwazi ukuyilawula ngokugcwele kodwa idinga ukushintshwa kwamagiya amaningi okungase kumkhathaze umshayeli uma eshayela edolobheni.
Izeluleko ezivela kochwepheshe ekusebenzeni kokudluliswa kwezandla
Njenganoma yimuphi omunye umshini wemoto oyinkimbinkimbi, ukuthunyelwa kwezimoto ngesandla kufanele kusetshenziswe ngokugcinwa ngokuqinile kwemithetho yomkhiqizi wemoto. Ukuqaliswa kwale mithetho elula, njengoba umkhuba wochwepheshe be-Favorit Motors ubonisa, kunganciphisa ukuguga kwezingxenye futhi kunciphise imvamisa yokuphuka kwamayunithi.
- Kuyancomeka ukuthi ushintshe amagiya ngokuhambisana nezincomo zabakhiqizi mayelana nesivinini esincane esivunyelwe kanye nesivinini esiphezulu esihloselwe igiya ngalinye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umkhiqizi uvame ukunikeza imiyalelo yokusebenza kwemoto ngokonga. Isibonelo, ngemoto yeVolkswagen Polo (injini engu-1.6, 110 hp, 5 speed manual transmission) kunezincomo zokusetshenziswa ukonga kukaphethiloli: shintshela egiyeni lesibili ngesivinini esingama-20 km/h, uye egiyeni lesithathu lapho ufinyelela ku-30 km/h. , igiya lesine - ku-40 km / h futhi okwesihlanu - ku-50 km / h.
- Ukushintshela egiyeni lokuhlehla (reverse) kufanele kwenziwe kuphela uma imoto imile ngokuphelele. Ngisho nangesivinini esiphansi, ukushintshela egiyeni elibuyela emuva akwamukelekile.
- Kunconywa ukuthi ucindezele i-clutch pedal ngokushesha, futhi uyikhulule kancane futhi ngaphandle kwama-jerks. Lokhu kunciphisa amandla okungqubuzana ku-bearing yokukhulula futhi kubambezela isidingo sokulungiswa.
- Uma ushayela emgwaqeni oshelelayo (iqhwa), ungawisa i-clutch noma ubeke u-gearbox endaweni engathathi hlangothi.
- Akunconywa ukushintsha amagiya ngesikhathi sokuphenduka okubukhali, lokhu kuholela ekugqokeni okusheshayo kwezinqubo.
- Noma iyiphi imoto idinga ukugadwa njalo inani likawoyela ku-crankcase yokuhambisa ngesandla. Uma, njengoba kudingekile, uketshezi olusebenzayo alufakwa phezulu futhi lushintshwe, amafutha agcwala uthuli lwensimbi, okwandisa ukugqoka.
Njengoba ubona, kungenzeka ukunweba "impilo" yebhokisi lomshini. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga nje ukulandela zonke izincomo zomenzi, futhi ekungabazeni kokuqala mayelana nekhwalithi yomsebenzi, thintana nochwepheshe be-Favorit Motors Group of Companies.
Izikhungo zobuchwepheshe zenkampani zihlome ngazo zonke izinto ezidingekayo zokuxilonga kanye namathuluzi anephrofayili emincane yokuxilonga ukungasebenzi kahle kanye nokulungisa ukuhanjiswa okwenziwa ngesandla. Ukwenza umsebenzi wokulungisa nokubuyisela, ochwepheshe be-Favorit Motors Group of Companies basebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obunconywe umkhiqizi kanye nezinsimbi eziyisipele eziqinisekisiwe zekhwalithi ephezulu.
Abaphathi bensizakalo yezimoto baneminyaka eminingi yokuhlangenwe nakho nolwazi olukhethekile, olubavumela ukuthi bahlole ngokushesha ukungasebenzi kahle futhi benze noma yiluphi uhlobo lokulungisa ukuhanjiswa okwenziwa ngesandla. Uchwepheshe ngamunye uhlala eqeqeshwa kabusha ezikhungweni zokuqeqesha abakhiqizi futhi uthola isitifiketi selungelo lokulungisa nokugcina uhlobo oluthile lwemoto.
Amakhasimende esevisi yemoto ye-Favorit Motors anikezwa uhlelo lokusebenza olulula, ukubhaliswa ku-inthanethi ukuze kulungiswe futhi kulungiswe, uhlelo lokwethembeka oluvumelana nezimo, isiqinisekiso sezingxenye ezisele kanye nazo zonke izinhlobo zokulungisa ukuthunyelwa kwezinto ngesandla. Zonke izinto ezidingekayo kanye nezinto ezisetshenziswayo ziyatholakala endaweni yokugcina impahla yenkampani.
Intengo yokukhanda umshini wokuhambisa ngesandla incike ohlotsheni lokuqhekeka kanye nenani lomsebenzi wokulungisa nokubuyisela okudingekayo. Ngokuthintana ne-Favorit Motors Group of Companies, ungaqiniseka ukuthi ukusebenza kwe "mechanics" kuzobuyiselwa ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, futhi izindleko zezinsizakalo ngeke zithinte kabi isabelomali somndeni noma sebhizinisi.
