ukudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo - ukudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo

I-gearbox ezenzakalelayo (i-automatic transmission) ikhetha isilinganiso segiya ngaphandle kokubamba iqhaza komshayeli - kwimodi ezenzakalelayo ngokugcwele. Inhloso yebhokisi "okuzenzakalelayo" iyafana naleyo "yemishini". Umsebenzi wayo omkhulu ukwamukela, ukuguqula kanye nokudlulisa amandla ajikelezayo enjini emasondweni okushayela emoto.

Kodwa "okuzenzakalelayo" kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kune "mechanics". Kuhlanganisa amanodi alandelayo:

• isiguquli se-torque - sinikeza ngokuqondile ukuguqulwa nokudluliselwa kwenani lama-revolutions;
• Umshini wegiya leplanethi - ulawula isiguquli se-torque;
• i-hydraulic control system - iqondisa ukusebenza kweyunithi yegiya leplanethi.

Ngokusho kochwepheshe be-Favorit Motors Group of Companies, namuhla isabelo sokuthengiswa kwezimoto ezinokudluliselwa okuzenzakalelayo esifundeni saseMoscow cishe ku-80%. Izimoto ezinokudluliselwa okuzenzakalelayo zidinga indlela ekhethekile nokunakwa, nakuba zinikeza induduzo enkulu ngesikhathi sokugibela.

Umgomo wokusebenza kokudluliswa kwe-othomathikhi

Ukusebenza kwebhokisi "okuzenzakalelayo" kuncike ngokuphelele kusiguquli se-torque, i-gearbox yeplanethi kanye namadivayisi amaningana akuvumela ukuthi ulawule umhlangano we-gearbox. Ukuze uchaze ngokugcwele umgomo wokusebenza kokudluliswa kwe-othomathikhi, uzodinga ukuhlolisisa ukusebenza kwalezi zindlela.

Isiguquli se-torque sidlulisela i-torque emhlanganweni weplanethi. Yenza imisebenzi yakho kokubili i-clutch kanye ne-fluid coupling. Ngokwesakhiwo, umshini weplanethi uqukethe ama-impellers anama-multi-bladed (ipompo kanye nesondo le-turbine), atholakala eyodwa ebhekene nomunye. Womabili ama-impellers avalelwe endlini eyodwa futhi kuthelwa uwoyela phakathi kwawo.

Isondo le-turbine lixhunywe egiyeni leplanethi ngokusebenzisa shaft. I-impeller inamathele ngokuqinile ku-flywheel. Ngemva kokuqala iyunithi yamandla, i-flywheel iqala ukujikeleza futhi ishayela i-impeller yepompo. Ama-blade ayo athatha uketshezi olusebenzayo aluqondise kabusha emaceleni e-impeller ye-turbine, ayenze ukuthi ijikeleze. Ukuvimbela uwoyela ukuthi ungabuyi, i-reactor ene-bladed ifakwa phakathi kwama-impellers amabili. Ilungisa isiqondiso sokunikezwa kukawoyela kanye nokuminyana kokugeleza ngokuvumelanisa ijubane lakho kokubili izimpoqo. Ekuqaleni, i-reactor ayinyakazi, kodwa ngokushesha nje lapho isivinini samasondo silingana, iqala ukujikeleza ngesivinini esifanayo. Leli iphuzu lesixhumanisi.

I-gearbox iqukethe izinto ezilandelayo:

• imishini yamaplanethi;
• ama-clutches kanye nemishini yamabhuleki;
• izakhi zamabhuleki.

Idivayisi yeplanethi inesakhiwo esihambisana negama layo. Kuyigiya (“ilanga”) elitholakala ngaphakathi “kwenkampani yenethiwekhi”. Amasathelayithi anamathele "kumphathi", ngesikhathi sokujikeleza athinta igiya lomqhele. Futhi ama-clutches anesimo samadiski ahlanganiswe namapuleti. Ezinye zazo zijikeleza ngokuhambisana ne-shaft, kanti ezinye - ngokuphambene.

I-band brake iyipuleti elimboza enye yemishini yeplanethi. Umsebenzi wayo uhlanganiswe yi-hydraulic actuator. Uhlelo lokulawula i-gearbox yeplanethi lulawula ukugeleza koketshezi olusebenzayo ngokubhuleka noma ukukhulula izinto zokujikeleza, ngaleyo ndlela kulungiswe umthwalo emasondweni.

Njengoba ubona, amandla enjini adluliswa ngoketshezi aye ku-gearbox. Ngakho-ke, izinga likawoyela lidlala indima ebalulekile ekusebenzeni kwama-automatic transmissions.

Izindlela zokusebenza zokudlulisa okuzenzakalelayo

Cishe zonke izinhlobo zokuthutha okuzenzakalelayo namuhla zinezindlela zokusebenza ezifanayo njengengxenye yekhulu leminyaka edlule, ngaphandle kwezinguquko ezinkulu.

Ukudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo kwenziwa ngokwala mazinga alandelayo:

• N - kuhlanganisa indawo engathathi hlangothi;
• D - ukunyakaza okuya phambili, kuyilapho kuye ngezidingo zomshayeli, cishe zonke izigaba zezindlela zejubane eliphezulu zisetshenziswa;
• I-P - yokupaka, esetshenziselwa ukuvimba i-wheelset yokushayela (ukufakwa kokuvimbela kutholakala ebhokisini ngokwalo futhi akuhambisani neze ne-brake yokupaka);
• R - ukunyakaza okubuyela emuva kuvuliwe;
• L (uma ifakwe) - ikuvumela ukuthi ushintshele egiyeni eliphansi ukuze unyuse amandla enjini uma ushayela ezimeni ezinzima zomgwaqo.

Namuhla, isakhiwo se-PRNDL sithathwa njengesisetshenziswa okuvamile. Iqale ukuvela ezimotweni zakwaFord kanti selokhu yasetshenziswa njengemodeli elula nesebenzayo yokushintsha amagiya kuzo zonke izimoto emhlabeni.

Kwamanye ama-auto transmissions esimanjemanje, izindlela zokushayela ezengeziwe zingafakwa:

• I-OD - i-overdrive, ebonakala ngokuthi inciphisa ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kwimodi yokushayela eyongayo;
• I-D3 - Kunconywa lapho ushayela uzungeza idolobha ngesivinini esiphakathi, njengoba "i-gas-brake" ehlala njalo emarobhothini kanye nokuwela abahamba ngezinyawo kuvame ukuvimba ama-clutches kusiguquli se-torque;
• S - Imodi yokusebenzisa amagiya aphansi ebusika.

Izinzuzo zokusebenzisa i-AKCP e-Russia

Inzuzo eyinhloko yezimoto ezifakwe othomathikhi zingabhekwa njengokulula kokusebenza kwazo. Umshayeli akadingi ukuphazanyiswa ngokuguquguquka njalo kwe-lever, njengoba kwenzeka ebhokisini lemanyuwali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, impilo yesevisi yeyunithi yamandla ngokwayo iyanda kakhulu, ngoba ngesikhathi sokusebenza kokudluliselwa okuzenzakalelayo, izindlela zomthwalo owandayo azifakiwe.

Ibhokisi "okuzenzakalelayo" lisetshenziswa ngempumelelo ngokulinganayo ekuhlomiseni izimoto zamakhono ahlukene.

---

---