Inyanga Yempumelelo Nokuphahlazeka Kokuqala kwe-F-35

Iqembu le-USMC VX-35 elihlola i-F-23B lilungiselela ukuhlala endizeni ethwala indiza i-HMS Queen Elizabeth. Yize lezi zimoto ezimbili ezihloliwe beziphawulwe ukuthi zingezokuba yisakhamuzi saseMelika, abaseBrithani bebengabaphathi - uLieutenant Commander uNathan Gray weRoyal Navy kanye noMajor Andy Edgell weRoyal Air Force, bobabili abangamalungu e-Mulnational Test Group ophikweni olushiwo ngenhla oluzinze e-US. I-Naval Base Patuxent River.

USepthemba ube enye inyanga enkulu kulo nyaka ohlelweni lwezindiza zokulwa ze-F-35 Lightning II, isilwi esibiza kakhulu emhlabeni kuze kube manje esigabeni saso.

Ukuhlangana okukhethekile kwemicimbi emikhulu yenyanga edlule kube ngenxa yezinto ezimbalwa - ukuhlelwa kwalesi sikhathi sokuhlolwa kwenkampani yezindiza yaseBrithani i-HMS Queen Elizabeth, ekupheleni konyaka wezimali ka-2018 e-United States kanye nokuphothulwa kwezingxoxo zomhla we-11. uhlelo olulinganiselwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kube nemicimbi ngokunwetshwa kokusetshenziswa kokulwa kwe-F-35, okuhlanganisa nokulahlekelwa enye yezimoto engozini.

Inkontileka yenqwaba yesingeniso elandelayo

NgoSepthemba 28, u-Lockheed Martin umemezele ukuphothulwa ngempumelelo kwezingxoxo noMnyango Wezokuvikela wase-US mayelana nomyalo weqoqo le-11 lezimoto ezinevolumu ephansi ye-F-35. Inkontileka enkulu kunazo zonke kuze kube manje ingama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-11,5 futhi izokhokhela ukukhiqizwa nokuhlinzekwa kwamakhophi angu-141 azo zonke izinguquko. I-Lightning II okwamanje iyasebenza ezisekelweni zomoya eziyi-16 futhi indize cishe amahora ayi-150.

Ngenxa yokuntuleka kwesitatimende esisemthethweni esivela eMnyangweni Wezokuvikela, imininingwane ethile kuphela yesivumelwano eyaziwayo, edalulwe umenzi. Iqiniso elibaluleke kakhulu ukuncishiswa kwentengo yeyunithi yenguqulo enkulu kakhulu ye-F-35A - ku-batch ye-11 izoba ngamaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-89,2 (ukwehla kwezigidi ezingu-5,1 zamadola aseMelika maqondana neqoqo le-10). Lesi samba sihlanganisa i-airframe eqediwe enenjini - u-Lockheed Martin kanye no-Pratt & Whitney basaqhuba imisebenzi okuhloswe ngayo ukwehlisa inani lentengo yeyunithi ibe ngu-$80 wezigidi, okufanele isifinyelelwe cishe ngo-2020. Ngokulandelayo, i-F-35B eyodwa izobiza u-$115,5 wezigidi (ukwehliswa kwezigidi ezingu-6,9 zamaRandi) kanti i-F-35C izobiza u-$107,7 wezigidi (ukwehliswa kwezigidi ezingu-13,5 zamaRandi). Ezimotweni ezi-odiwe, ezingama-91 zizoya eButhweni Lezempi laseMelika, kanti ezisele ezingama-50 zizoya kumakhasimende angaphandle. Ingxenye yendiza izokwakhiwa emigqeni yokugcina yokuhlangana eJapane nase-Italy (kuhlanganise nezindiza zaseNetherlands). Amayunithi angu-102 azokhiqizwa enguqulweni ye-F-35A, izinguqulo ezingu-25 F-35B futhi ezingu-14 zizoba ezenguqulo ye-F-35C emoyeni. Ukulethwa kulindeleke ukuthi kuqale ngonyaka ozayo futhi kuphezulu ku-ajenda ye-F-35. Inkontileka ivula indlela yokuqala yezingxoxo ezinemininingwane ngenkontileka yokuqala yesikhathi eside (ivolumu ephezulu), engahlanganisa ngisho nezinguquko ezihlukene ezingaba ngu-450 ze-F-35 ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Emasontweni ezayo, izenzakalo ezibalulekile zalolu hlelo zizoba ukukhishwa kokukhiqizwa kokuqala kwe-F-35s ukuthumela abamukeli bangaphandle - i-Australia kanye neRiphabhulikhi yaseKorea, okuzojoyina i-Japan, i-Israel, i-Italy, i-Netherlands, i-UK ne-Norway. , i-F-35 yayo isivele isinesinyathelo esisodwa ngemuva kwakho kulokhu. Ukuvinjelwa kokulethwa kwe-F-35A eTurkey kuseyinkinga engaxazululiwe. Njengamanje, izindiza ezimbili zokuqala zaseTurkey zisatshalaliswa endaweni yaseLuke, lapho abashayeli bezindiza nochwepheshe beqeqeshelwa uhlobo olusha lwendiza. Ngokusemthethweni, ziyimpahla kahulumeni waseTurkey futhi azikwazi ukuthunjwa abantu baseMelika, kodwa kuhlale kune-lophole ngendlela yokuntuleka kokusekelwa uma kwenzeka ukudluliselwa okungenzeka eTurkey. Umshayeli wokuqala waseTurkey we-Lightning II kwakungu-Major Halit Oktay, owathatha indiza yakhe yokuqala nge-F-35A ngo-Agasti 28 kulo nyaka. ICongress izovuma noma inganikezeli izindiza ngemuva kokubuyekeza umbiko ohlangene mayelana nesimo sobudlelwane bezombangazwe nezempi neTurkey, ozokwethulwa ngokuhlanganyela uMnyango Wezwe kanye noMnyango Wezokuvikela ngoNovemba.

Esinye isici esibalulekile sohlelo ukuqina kwesakhiwo. NgoSepthemba, umenzi kanye noMnyango Wezokuvikela bamemezele ukuthi ukuhlolwa kokukhathala kwenguqulo ye-F-35A kukhombisa isikhathi sokundiza esingenazinkinga samahora angama-24. Ukungabikho kwezinkinga kungase kuvumele ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe, okungase kuvumele impilo ende yesevisi. Njengoba kudingekile, i-F-000A okwamanje inempilo yesevisi yamahora endiza angu-35. Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo lwakamuva lubonisa ukuthi lungakhuphuka lube ngaphezu kwe-8000 - lokhu kungandisa ukukhanga kokuthenga i-F-10, njengoba izosindisa imali esikhathini esizayo noma ikhokhele, isibonelo, ukuthuthukiswa kwemishini.

I-Debut F-35B e-Afghanistan

Ngokokucatshangwa kwangaphambilini, imashi yokusebenza yeqembu lokuhlala phansi, umnyombo walo okuwumkhumbi wokufika emhlabeni wonke (LHD-2) USS Essex, kwakuyithuba lokuqala lokulwa le-F-35B ye-US Marine Corps. Iqembu lishiye isizinda saseSan Diego ngoJulayi, futhi ebhodini lalihlanganisa. indiza yalolu hlobo squadron VMFA-211. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-United States yaba umsebenzisi wesibili wemishini yalolu hlobo ngemva kuka-Israyeli, owasebenzisa ama-F-35 abo emsebenzini wokulwa.

Ngomhla zingama-35 kuSepthemba, isibalo esingaziwa sama-F-27B ashayisa izibhamu esifundazweni sase-Afghan, iKandahar, ngokwesitatimende esisemthethweni. Imishini yasuka e-Essex, ngaleso sikhathi eyayisebenza oLwandle lwase-Arabia. Ukundiza phezu kwethagethi kwakusho isidingo sokuphindaphinda kwezindiza ezindizayo e-Pakistani kanye nokufaka amafutha emoyeni. Kodwa-ke, okuthakazelisa kakhulu kwakuwukuhlaziywa kwezithombe ezenziwe esidlangalaleni ngemuva kwalesi senzakalo.