I-T-55 yakhiqizwa futhi yesimanje ngaphandle kwe-USSR

I-Polish T-55 enesibhamu somshini esingu-12,7 mm DshK namathrekhi esitayela esidala.

I-T-55, njenge-T-54, yaba enye yezimoto zokulwa ezikhiqizwa kakhulu futhi ezithunyelwa ngaphandle kwenkathi yangemva kwempi. Ayeshibhile, kulula ukuwasebenzisa futhi enokwethenjelwa, ngakho amazwe asathuthuka ayezimisele ukuwathenga. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-China, ekhiqiza ama-clones we-T-54/55, yaqala ukuwathumela ngaphandle. Enye indlela amathangi alolu hlobo asatshalaliswa ngayo kwaba wukuthumela kabusha abasebenzisi bawo bangempela. Lo mkhuba wanda kakhulu ekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule.

Ngokushesha kwacaca ukuthi i-T-55 iyinto enhle yesimanje. Bangakwazi ukufaka kalula izindlela ezintsha zokuxhumana, izinto ezibukwayo, ezisizayo ngisho nezikhali ezinkulu. Kwakulula futhi ukufaka izikhali ezengeziwe kuzo. Ngemva kokulungiswa okungathi sína, kwakungenzeka ukusebenzisa amathrekhi esimanje, ukungenelela esitimeleni sikagesi ngisho nokushintsha injini. Ukuthembeka okukhulu, ngisho nokubi nokuqina kobuchwepheshe baseSoviet kwenza kwaba nokwenzeka ukwenza izimoto zibe zesimanje amashumi eminyaka ambalwa ubudala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthengwa kwamathangi amasha, kokubili eSoviet naseNtshonalanga, kwakuhlotshaniswa nezindleko ezinkulu kakhulu, ezivame ukudikibala abasebenzisi abangase babe khona. Yingakho i-T-55 iklanywe kabusha futhi yathuthukiswa inombolo yerekhodi lezikhathi. Ezinye zathuthukiswa, ezinye zenziwa ngokulandelana kwazo futhi zafaka amakhulu ezimoto. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi le nqubo isaqhubeka nanamuhla; Iminyaka engu-60 (!) Kusukela ekuqaleni ukukhiqizwa T-55.

Poland

E-Kum Labendy, amalungiselelo okukhiqiza amathangi e-T-55 aqala ngo-1962. Kulokhu, kwakufanele kuthuthukiswe kakhulu inqubo yobuchwepheshe yokukhiqiza i-T-54, ukwethula, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukushiselwa kwe-arc okuzenzakalelayo okungaphansi kwamanzi, nakuba ngaleso sikhathi le ndlela enhle kakhulu yayingasetshenziswanga embonini yasePoland. Imibhalo enikeziwe yayihambisana namathangi aseSoviet ochungechungeni lokuqala, nakuba ekuqaleni kokukhiqizwa ePoland kwenziwa izinguquko ezimbalwa ezincane kodwa ezibalulekile kuwo (zethulwa ezimotweni zasePoland ekupheleni kweminyaka eyishumi, ngaphezulu kwalokho) . Ngo-1964, amathangi ayi-10 okuqala anikezwa uMnyango Wezokuvikela Kazwelonke. Ngo-1965, kwakukhona 128 T-55 amayunithi. Ngo-1970, amathangi angu-956 T-55 abhaliswe noMnyango Wezokuvikela Kazwelonke. Ngo-1985, kwakukhona 2653 kubo (kuhlanganise cishe 1000 T-54s yesimanje). Ngo-2001, wonke ama-T-55 akhona ezinguquko ezihlukahlukene ahoxiswa, ingqikithi yezingcezu ezingu-815.

Ngaphambilini, ngo-1968, i-Zakład Produkcji Doświadczalnej ZM Bumar Łabędy yahlelwa, eyayibambe iqhaza ekuthuthukisweni nasekusetshenzisweni kokuthuthukiswa komklamo wamathangi, futhi kamuva nokudalwa kwezimoto eziphuma kuyo (WZT-1, WZT-2, BLG-67). ). Ngawo lowo nyaka, ukukhiqizwa T-55A kwethulwa. Izinguquko zokuqala zasePoland zintsha

Amathangi akhiqiziwe ahlinzekelwe ukufakwa kwesibhamu somshini esilwa nendiza esingu-12,7-mm i-DShK. Kwabe sekwethulwa isihlalo somshayeli esithambile, okwanciphisa umthwalo emgogodleni okungenani kabili. Ngemva kwezingozi eziningana ezimbi lapho kuphoqelelwa imingcele yamanzi, kwethulwa imishini eyengeziwe: igeji yokujula, iphampu ye-bilge esebenza kahle, nohlelo lokuvikela injini ekukhukhuleni uma ima ngaphansi kwamanzi. Injini isishintshiwe ukuze ingasebenzisi udizili kuphela, kodwa iphinde isebenze kuphalafini futhi (ngesimo esiphuthumayo) isebenzisa uphethiloli we-octane ephansi. Ilungelo lobunikazi lasePoland liphinde lahlanganisa nedivayisi yesiteringi samandla, i-HK-10 futhi kamuva i-HD-45. Bebethandwa kakhulu ngabashayeli, njengoba becishe bayiqeda nya imizamo yesiteringi.

Kamuva, inguqulo yesiPolish yemoto yomyalo engu-55AK yathuthukiswa ngezinguqulo ezimbili: i-T-55AD1 yabakhuzi bamabutho kanye ne-AD2 yabakhuzi bezempi. Imishini yazo zombili izinguqulo ithole esinye isiteshi somsakazo i-R-123 ngemuva kwe-turret, esikhundleni sabaphathi bama-cannon cartridges angu-5. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukuze kwandiswe ukunethezeka kwabasebenzi, kwenziwa i-niche engxenyeni ye-aft ye-turret, eyayihlala esiteshini somsakazo. Umsakazo wesibili wawusebhilidini, ngaphansi kombhoshongo. Ngo-AD1 kwakuyi-R-130, kwathi ngo-AD2 kwaba eyesibili i-R-123. Kuzo zombili izimo, umlayishi wasebenza njengomqhubi we-telegraph yomsakazo, noma kunalokho, umqhubi we-telegraph oqeqeshiwe wathatha indawo yesilayishi futhi, uma kunesidingo, wenza imisebenzi yokulayisha. Izimoto zenguqulo ye-AD ziphinde zathola ijeneretha kagesi ukuze kusebenze imishini yezokuxhumana ekhona, injini icishiwe. Ngawo-80s, kwavela izimoto ze-T-55AD1M kanye ne-AD2M, zihlanganisa izixazululo ezifakazelwe zezimoto eziyalayo kanye nokuthuthukiswa okuxoxwe ngakho kwenguqulo ye-M.

Ngo-1968, ngaphansi kokuqondisa kuka-Eng. bala T. Ochvata, umsebenzi usuqalile emshinini wokuphayona S-69 "Pine". Bekuyi-T-55A ene-KMT-4M trench trawl kanye neziqalisi ezimbili zebanga elide ze-P-LVD ezifakwe ezitsheni ngemuva kwamaleji ethrekhi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, amafreyimu akhethekile afakwe kuwo, futhi uhlelo lokuthungela lwalethwa endaweni yokulwa. Iziqukathi zazizinkulu impela - izivalo zazo zazicishe zibe phezulu ophahleni lombhoshongo. Ekuqaleni, izinjini ze-500M3 Shmel anti-tank ezicitshwayo eziqondiswayo zazisetshenziselwa ukudonsa izintambo zamamitha angu-6, lapho iziqhumane ze-cylindrical ezineziphethu ezikhulayo zahlanganiswa, ngakho-ke, ngemva kokwethulwa komphakathi kokuqala kwala mathangi, abahlaziyi baseNtshonalanga banquma ukuthi lezi ziqhumane. Iziqalisi ze-ATGM. Uma kunesidingo, izitsha ezingenalutho noma ezingasetshenzisiwe, ezidume ngokuthi amabhokisi, zingalahlwa ethangini. Kusukela ngo-1972, womabili amathangi amasha e-Labendy nezimoto ezikhandwe e-Siemianowice alungiselwe ukufakwa kwe-ŁWD. Banikezwe igama elithi T-55AC (Sapper). Okuhlukile kwezisetshenziswa, okokuqala kwaqokwa i-S-80 Oliwka, yathuthukiswa ngeminyaka yama-81s.