I-speedometer yemishini ne-elekthronikhi. Idivayisi nomgomo wokusebenza

Akukona nje ukuqondana ukuthi i-speedometer itholakala endaweni evelele kakhulu kudeshibhodi yemoto. Phela, le divayisi ibonisa ukuthi ushayela ngesivinini esingakanani, futhi ikuvumela ukuthi ulawule ukuthobela umkhawulo wejubane ovumelekile, othinta ngokuqondile ukuphepha emgwaqeni. Singakhohlwa ngamathikithi ejubane, okungagwemeka uma uke uthi nhla ku-speedometer. Ngaphezu kwalokho, emigwaqweni yasemaphandleni ngosizo lwale divayisi, ungakwazi ukonga uphethiloli uma ugcina isivinini esiphezulu lapho ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kuncane kakhulu.

Imitha yejubane eyimishini yasungulwa eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule futhi isasetshenziswa kakhulu ezimotweni nanamuhla. Inzwa lapha ivamise ukuba yigiya elixhunywa ngegiya elikhethekile ku-shaft yesibili. Ezimotweni ezidonsa ngamasondo angaphambili, inzwa ingatholakala ku-eksisi yamasondo okushayela, nasezimotweni ezidonsa ngawo wonke amasondo, esimweni sokudlulisa.



Njengenkomba yesivinini (6) kudeshibhodi, kusetshenziswa idivayisi yesikhombi, ukusebenza kwayo okusekelwe kumgomo wokungeniswa kazibuthe.

Ukudluliswa kokujikeleza kusuka kunzwa (1) kuya kusibonisi sejubane (empeleni i-speedometer) kwenziwa kusetshenziswa i-shaft eguquguqukayo (ikhebula) (2) kusuka emicu eminingi yensimbi esontekile enethiphu ye-tetrahedral kuzo zombili iziphetho. Ikhebula lizungeza ngokukhululekile i-axis yalo emgodleni okhethekile wokuvikela wepulasitiki.

I-actuator iqukethe uzibuthe ongunaphakade (3), ogibele ikhebula ledrayivu futhi izungeza nayo, kanye nesilinda se-aluminium noma idiski (4), ku-axis lapho inaliti ye-speedometer igxilile. Isikrini sensimbi sivikela ukwakheka emiphumeleni yangaphandle kazibuthe, engahlanekezela ukufundwa kwedivayisi.

Ukuzungezisa kazibuthe kubangela ama-eddy currents kwinto engeyona i-magnetic (i-aluminium). Ukusebenzisana nenkundla kazibuthe kazibuthe ozungezayo kubangela ukuthi idiski ye-aluminum nayo ijikeleze. Nokho, ukuba khona kwentwasahlobo ebuyayo (5) kuholela eqinisweni lokuthi idiski, kanye nayo nomcibisholo wesikhombi, izungeza kuphela nge-engeli ethile ngokulingana nejubane lemoto.

Ngesinye isikhathi, abakhiqizi abathile bazama ukusebenzisa izinkomba ze-tape kanye ne-drum-type ku-speedometers yemishini, kodwa kwavela ukuthi akulula kakhulu, futhi ekugcineni bashiywa.



Naphezu kokulula kanye nekhwalithi yama-speedometers emishini ane-shaft eguquguqukayo njengedrayivu, lo mklamo uvame ukunikeza iphutha elikhulu, futhi ikhebula ngokwalo liyingxenye eyinkinga kakhulu kuyo. Ngakho-ke, ama-speedometers ayimishini kancane kancane kancane aphenduka into yesikhathi esidlule, ededela imishini ye-electromechanical kanye ne-electronic.

I-speedometer ye-electromechanical nayo isebenzisa i-flexible drive shaft, kodwa umhlangano wesivinini sokungenisa kazibuthe kudivayisi uhlelwe ngendlela ehlukile. Esikhundleni se-aluminium cylinder, i-inductor ifakwe lapha, lapho amandla kagesi akhiqizwa ngaphansi kwethonya lensimu yamagnetic eguqukayo. Ijubane lokujikeleza likazibuthe elihlala liphezulu, likhulu lamanje eligeleza kukhoyili. I-pointer milliammeter ixhunywe kumatheminali ekhoyili, esetshenziswa njengenkomba yesivinini. Idivayisi enjalo ikuvumela ukuba ukwandise ukunemba kokufundwa uma kuqhathaniswa ne-speedometer yomshini.

Kumshini wokubonisa izinga lejubane we-elekthronikhi, akukho ukuxhumana kwemishini phakathi kwenzwa yesivinini kanye nedivayisi kudeshibhodi.

Iyunithi yesivinini esikhulu yocingo inomjikelezo we-elekthronikhi ocubungula isignali ye-pulse kagesi etholwe kunzwa yesivinini ngezintambo futhi ikhiphe i-voltage ehambisanayo ekuphumeni kwayo. Le voltage isetshenziswa ku-milliammeter yokudayela, esebenza njengenkomba yesivinini. Kumadivayisi esimanjemanje, i-stepper ICE ilawula isikhombi.

Njengenzwa yesivinini, kusetshenziswa amadivaysi ahlukahlukene akhiqiza isignali kagesi eshaywayo. Idivayisi enjalo ingaba, isibonelo, inzwa ye-pulse inductive noma i-optical pair (i-diode ekhanyayo ekhanyayo + i-phototransistor), lapho ukwakheka kwama-pulses kwenzeka ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kokuxhumana okukhanyayo ngesikhathi sokujikeleza kwe-slotted disk efakwe ku-shaft.

Kodwa, mhlawumbe, izinzwa zejubane ezisetshenziswa kakhulu, isimiso sokusebenza esisekelwe kumphumela weHholo. Uma ubeka i-conductor lapho i-current eqondile igeleza khona endaweni kazibuthe, khona-ke umehluko ongaba khona oguqukayo uvela kuwo. Lapho inkambu kazibuthe ishintsha, ubukhulu bomehluko ongaba khona nawo buyashintsha. Uma i-disk yokushayela ene-slot noma i-ledge izungeza endaweni kazibuthe, khona-ke sithola uguquko oluguquguqukayo emehlukweni ongaba khona ophambanayo. Imvamisa yama-pulses izoba ngokulingana nesivinini sokujikeleza kwe-master disk.



Ukubonisa isivinini esikhundleni sesikhombi Kwenzeka ukuthi kusetshenziswe isibonisi sedijithali. Kodwa-ke, izinombolo ezishintsha njalo kusethi ye-speedometer zimbi kakhulu umshayeli azibona kunokunyakaza okushelelayo komcibisholo. Uma ufaka ukubambezeleka, khona-ke isivinini esisheshayo singase singaboniswa ngokunembile, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokusheshisa noma sokwehlisa. Ngakho-ke, izinkomba ze-analog zisasebenza kuma-speedometer.

Naphezu kwentuthuko eqhubekayo yezobuchwepheshe embonini yezimoto, abaningi bayaqaphela ukuthi ukunemba kokufundwa kwe-speedometer akuhlali kuphezulu kakhulu. Futhi lokhu akusona isithelo sokucabanga ngokweqile kwabashayeli ngabanye. Iphutha elincane libekwe phansi ngamabomu abakhiqizi asebevele benza amadivaysi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, leli phutha lihlale libheke endaweni enkulu, ukuze lingafaki izimo lapho, ngaphansi kwethonya lezici ezihlukahlukene, ukufundwa kwe-speedometer kuyoba ngaphansi kunejubane elingenzeka lemoto. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze umshayeli angadluli isivinini ngephutha, eqondiswa amanani angalungile kudivayisi. Ngaphezu kokuqinisekisa ukuphepha, abakhiqizi baphinde baphishekele izithakazelo zabo - bafuna ukungawafaki amacala abashayeli abangeneme abathole inhlawulo noma abangene engozini ngenxa yokufundwa kwe-speedometer okungamanga.

Iphutha lama-speedometers, njengomthetho, aliwona umugqa. Isondele ku-zero ngesivinini esingaba ngu-60 km/h futhi ikhula kancane kancane ngesivinini. Ngejubane lika-200 km/h, iphutha lingafinyelela kumaphesenti angu-10.

Ezinye izici nazo zithinta ukunemba kokufundwayo, njengalezo ezihlotshaniswa nezinzwa zesivinini. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi kuma-speedometer emishini, lapho amagiya aguga kancane kancane.

Ngokuvamile, abanikazi bezimoto ngokwabo bethula iphutha elengeziwe ngokubeka usayizi walo ohlukile kunegama. Iqiniso liwukuthi inzwa ibala ukuguquguquka kwe-shaft ephumayo ye-gearbox, ehambisana nokuphenduka kwamasondo. Kodwa ngobubanzi besondo obunciphile, imoto izohamba ibanga elifushane ekujikelezweni okukodwa kwesondo kunamathayi anosayizi ojwayelekile. Futhi lokhu kusho ukuthi i-speedometer izobonisa isivinini esilinganiselwe ngo-2 ... amaphesenti angu-3 uma kuqhathaniswa nengenzeka. Ukushayela ngamathayi aphelelwe umoya kuzoba nomthelela ofanayo. Ukufaka amathayi ngobubanzi obukhulayo, ngokuphambene nalokho, kuzodala ukubukelwa phansi kokufundwa kwe-speedometer.

Iphutha lingase lingamukeleki ngokuphelele uma, esikhundleni sejwayelekile, ufaka i-speedometer engaklanyelwe ukusebenza kule modeli yemoto. Lokhu kufanele kucatshangelwe uma kuba nesidingo sokushintsha idivayisi enephutha.

I-odometer isetshenziselwa ukukala ibanga elihanjiwe. Akufanele kudidaniswe ne-speedometer. Eqinisweni, lawa amadivaysi amabili ahlukene, avame ukuhlanganiswa esimweni esisodwa. Lokhu kuchazwa yiqiniso lokuthi kokubili amadivaysi, njengomthetho, asebenzisa inzwa efanayo.

Endabeni yokusebenzisa i-shaft eguquguqukayo njengedrayivu, ukudluliselwa kokujikeleza ku-shaft yokufaka ye-odometer kwenziwa ngebhokisi legiya elinenani elikhulu lamagiya - ukusuka ku-600 kuya ku-1700. Ngaphambilini, igiya lezikelemu lalisetshenziswa, lapho amagiya anezinombolo ajikeleziswayo. Kuma-odometers e-analog yesimanje, ukujikeleza kwamasondo kulawulwa yi-stepper motors.



Ngokukhula, ungathola amadivaysi lapho i-mileage yemoto iboniswa ngedijithali kusibonisi se-liquid crystal. Kulokhu, ulwazi mayelana nebanga elihanjiwe liphindwe kabili kuyunithi yokulawula injini, futhi kwenzeka ukuthi kukhiye we-electronic wemoto. Uma uvala i-odometer yedijithali ngokohlelo, umgunyathi ungatholwa kalula ngokuxilongwa kwekhompyutha.

Uma kunezinkinga nge-speedometer, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kufanele zinganakwa, kufanele zilungiswe ngokushesha. Kumayelana nokuphepha kwakho kanye nokwabanye abasebenzisi bomgwaqo. Futhi uma isizathu silele inzwa engalungile, izinkinga zingase futhi ziphakame, ngoba iyunithi yokulawula injini izolawula ukusebenza kweyunithi ngokusekelwe kwedatha yesivinini engalungile.