Iphampu yamafutha ku-VAZ 2106: isimiso sokusebenza, ukulungiswa, ukulungiswa
Okuqukethwe
Izimoto ze-VAZ 2106 ziye zakhiqizwa eRussia kusukela ngo-1976. Ngalesi sikhathi, kuningi okushintshile ekwakhiweni komshini, noma kunjalo, ekuqaleni izindlela ezikhethwe kahle zisetshenziselwa "eziyisithupha" kuze kube yilolu suku. Iyunithi yamandla, umzimba, ukumiswa - konke lokhu kwahlala kungashintshiwe. Indima ekhethekile ekusebenzeni kwenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi idlalwa yi-lubrication system, okuthi kusukela ngo-1976 ihlale iyiketanga. Azikho izindlela ezinjalo ezimotweni zanamuhla, ngakho-ke abanikazi be "six" kufanele bazi kahle ukuthi uhlelo lokugcoba lusebenza kanjani nokuthi yini okufanele yenziwe uma kwenzeka ukuphuka.
Injini yokugcoba uhlelo lwe-VAZ 2106
Isistimu yokugcoba yanoma iyiphi injini iyinkimbinkimbi yezinto ezihlukahlukene kanye nezingxenye ezivumela ukugcinwa kwekhwalithi ephezulu yeyunithi yamandla. Njengoba wazi, isihluthulelo sempumelelo ye-motor ukugcoba okugcwele ukuze izingxenye ezihambayo zingagugi isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka.
Ezimotweni ze-VAZ 2106, uhlelo lokugcoba lubhekwa luhlangene, njengoba ukugcotshwa kwezingxenye zokuxubha zenjini kwenziwa ngezindlela ezimbili:
- ngokufafaza;
- ngaphansi kwengcindezi.
Ingcindezi encane kawoyela ohlelweni ekushiseni okusebenzayo kwenjini okungama-85-90 degrees kufanele kube ngu-3,5 kgf / cm.2, umkhawulo - 4,5 kgf / cm2.
Isamba somthamo wesistimu yonke singamalitha angu-3,75. Isistimu yokugcoba ku-"isithupha" iqukethe izingxenye ezilandelayo, ngayinye edla noma yenza ingxenye yayo yamafutha:
- i-crankcase ye-liquid;
- inkomba yezinga;
- iyunithi yokupompa;
- ipayipi lokuhambisa uwoyela enjinini;
- isici sokuhlunga amafutha;
- valve;
- izinzwa zokucindezela uwoyela;
- imigwaqo emikhulu.
Iphampu kawoyela idlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni kwalo lonke uhlelo lokugcoba. Le divayisi iklanyelwe ukuhlinzeka ngokujikeleza okuqhubekayo kwamafutha kuzo zonke izingxenye zesistimu.
Iphampu yamafutha
Ezimotweni ze-VAZ 2106, i-pump yegiya ifakwe, esembozweni lapho sekuvele kukhona isamukeli samafutha kanye ne-valve yokunciphisa ingcindezi. Isakhiwo somzimba siyisilinda esinamagiya afakwe kuso. Omunye wabo uhamba phambili (oyinhloko), omunye uhamba ngenxa yamandla angenayo futhi ubizwa ngokuthi oqhutshwayo.
Idivayisi yepompo ngokwayo iwukuxhumana kwe-serial kwamayunithi amaningi:
- ikesi lensimbi;
- umamukeli kawoyela (ingxenye lapho amafutha angena khona empompini);
- amagiya amabili (ukushayela nokushayelwa);
- i-valve yokunciphisa ingcindezi;
- ibhokisi lokugxusha;
- amaphedi ahlukahlukene.
Umthombo wephampu kawoyela ku-VAZ 2106 ungaba amakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane eziyi-120-150. Kodwa-ke, i-gland nama-gaskets angakwazi ukwehluleka ngaphambi kwesikhathi, okuzoholela ekushintsheni ngaphambi kwesikhathi kwedivayisi.
Okuwukuphela komsebenzi wephampu kawoyela ukuhlinzeka ngamafutha kuzo zonke izingxenye zenjini. Singasho ukuthi ukusebenza kwe-motor kanye nensiza yayo kuncike ekusebenzeni kwepompo. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuqapha ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwamafutha oluthululelwa enjini, futhi ngayiphi imodi ipompo yamafutha isebenza.
Ukuthi isebenza kanjani
Ku-"six" iphampu kawoyela iqalwa kusetshenziswa i-chain drive. Lena isistimu yokuqala eyinkimbinkimbi, ngakho-ke ukulungiswa nokushintshwa kwepompo kungabangela ubunzima obuthile.
Umgomo wokusebenza usekelwe ezigabeni ezilandelayo zokuqala iphampu:
- Ngemuva kokuvula ukuthungela, igiya lokuqala lepompo liyaqala.
- Kusukela ekujikelezeni kwayo, igiya lesibili (eliqhutshwayo) liqala ukujikeleza.
- Ngokujikeleza, amagiya amagiya aqala ukudonsa uwoyela ngevalvu yokunciphisa ingcindezi angene endlini yepompo.
- Nge-inertia, uwoyela ushiya iphampu bese ungena emotweni ngemigqa ngaphansi kwengcindezi edingekayo.
Uma, ngenxa yezizathu eziningi, ingcindezi kawoyela iphakeme kunejwayelekile lapho iphampu iklanyelwe khona, ingxenye yoketshezi iqondiswa kabusha ngokuzenzakalelayo ku-crankcase yenjini, okusiza ukumisa ukucindezela.
Ngakho, ukujikeleza kwamafutha kwenziwa ngamagiya amabili ajikelezayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi yonke idivayisi yepompo ivalwe ngokuphelele, njengoba ukuvuza kancane kwamafutha kunganciphisa kakhulu ukucindezela kokusebenza ohlelweni futhi kuphazamise ikhwalithi yokugcoba imoto.
I-valve yokudlula (yokunciphisa).
Amagiya okushayela nashayelayo awavamile ukuphuka, njengoba anomklamo olula kakhulu. Ngaphandle kwezimpawu zamafutha kanye nama-gaskets, kunenye ingxenye kudivayisi yepompo engahluleka, ezoba nemiphumela eyinhlekelele enjinini.
Sikhuluma nge-valve yokunciphisa ingcindezi, ngezinye izikhathi ebizwa ngokuthi i-bypass valve. Le valve iyadingeka ukuze kugcinwe ukucindezela ohlelweni olwakhiwe yipompo. Phela, ukwanda kwengcindezi kungabangela kalula ukuwohloka kwezingxenye zemoto, futhi ukucindezela okuphansi ohlelweni akuvumeli ukugcotshwa kwekhwalithi ephezulu yezingxenye zokuxubha.
I-valve yokunciphisa ingcindezi (bypass) ku-VAZ 2106 inesibopho sokulawula ukucindezela kwamafutha ohlelweni.. Uma kunesidingo, yile valve engakwazi ukwenza buthaka noma ikhulise ingcindezi ukuze ihlangabezane nokujwayelekile.
Ukwanda noma ukwehla kwengcindezi ekhona kwenziwa ngezenzo ezilula: noma i-valve ivala noma ivule. Ukuvala noma ukuvulwa kwe-valve kungenzeka ngenxa ye-bolt, ecindezela entwasahlobo, yona, ivala i-valve noma ivule (uma kungekho ukucindezela ku-bolt).
I-bypass valve mechanism inezingxenye ezine:
- umzimba omncane;
- i-valve ngesimo sebhola (leli bhola livala indlela yokuhlinzeka ngamafutha, uma kunesidingo);
- intwasahlobo;
- misa ibhawodi.
Ku-VAZ 2106, i-valve ye-bypass ifakwe ngqo kwizindlu zephampu yamafutha.
Indlela yokuhlola iphampu yamafutha
Isibani esiphuthumayo sizoxwayisa umshayeli ukuthi kunezinkinga ezithile ekusebenzeni kwepompo likawoyela. Eqinisweni, uma kukhona amafutha anele ohlelweni, futhi isibani sisaqhubeka sivutha, khona-ke kukhona ukungasebenzi kahle ekusebenzeni kwepompo yamafutha.
Ukuze ubone ukungasebenzi kahle kwepompo, awukwazi ukukususa emotweni. Kwanele ukukala ukucindezela kwamafutha bese uqhathanisa nabo nokujwayelekile. Kodwa-ke, kungcono kakhulu ukwenza ukuhlola okuphelele kwedivayisi ngokuyisusa emshinini:
- Shayela i-VAZ 2106 endaweni engaphezulu noma umgodi wokubuka.
- Okokuqala, cisha amandla emotweni (susa izintambo ebhethrini).
- Khipha uwoyela ohlelweni (uma kusha, ungaphinda usebenzise uketshezi olukhanyiwe kamuva).
- Khipha amantongomane ukuze uthole ukumiswa kwelungu lesiphambano.
- Susa i-crankcase yenjini.
- Hlukanisa iphampu kawoyela.
- Hlukanisa idivayisi yepompo ibe izingxenye: qaqa ivalvu, amapayipi namagiya.
- Zonke izingxenye zensimbi kufanele zigezwe ngophethiloli, zihlanzwe ukungcola futhi zesule zomile. Ngeke kube okungadingekile ukuhlanza ngomoya ocindezelwe.
- Ngemuva kwalokho, kuzodingeka uhlole izingxenye zokulimala kwemishini (imifantu, ama-chips, amamaki okugqoka).
- Ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe kwepompo kwenziwa kusetshenziswa ama-probes.
- Izikhala phakathi kwamazinyo egiya nezindonga zepompo akufanele zibe ngaphezu kuka-0,25 mm. Uma igebe likhulu, kuzomele ushintshe igiya.
- Igebe phakathi kwendlu yepompo kanye nohlangothi lokugcina lwamagiya akufanele lidlule u-0,25 mm.
- Izikhala phakathi kwezimbazo zamagiya amakhulu nashayelwa kufanele zingabi ngaphezu kuka-0,20 mm.
Ividiyo: ukuhlola iphampu kawoyela ukuthi iyasebenza yini
Ukulungiswa kwengcindezi kawoyela
Umfutho kawoyela kufanele uhlale ulungile. Izici zokucindezela ezikhulayo noma ezilinganiselwe zihlale zithinta kabi ukusebenza kwenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi. Ngakho-ke, isibonelo, ukuntuleka kokucindezela kungase kubonise ukugqoka okukhulu noma ukungcoliswa kwepompo yamafutha, futhi ukucindezela kwamafutha okweqile kungase kubonise ukugxuma kwe-valve yokunciphisa ingcindezi.
Kunoma yikuphi, uzodinga ukuhlola izindlela ezimbalwa eziyisisekelo ze-VAZ 2106 ukuze uthole imbangela yokucindezela okuphezulu / okuphansi futhi ulungise ukusebenza kwesistimu yokugcoba:
- Qinisekisa ukuthi injini igcwele uwoyela wekhwalithi ephezulu, izinga lawo elingadluli okujwayelekile.
- Hlola isimo sepulaki yokukhipha uwoyela ku-sump. Ipulaki kufanele iqiniswe ngokugcwele futhi ingavuzi neconsi lamafutha.
- Hlola ukusebenza kwepompo yamafutha (imvamisa i-gasket ihluleka, okulula ukuyishintsha).
- Hlola ukuqina kwamabhawodi ephampu kawoyela amabili.
- Bona ukuthi isihlungi sikawoyela singcole kangakanani. Uma ukungcola kunamandla, kuzomele ukushintshe.
- Lungisa i-valve yokukhulula iphampu yamafutha.
- Hlola amapayipi okuhambisa uwoyela kanye nokuxhunywa kwawo.
Isithombe: izigaba eziyinhloko zokulungiswa
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- Akufanele kube khona ukuvuza kwamafutha eduze kwepulaki.
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- Zonke izingxenye zomshini kufanele zisebenze ngokujwayelekile.
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- Intwasahlobo nezinye izingxenye zevalvu akufanele zibe nomonakalo obonakalayo.
Zenzele wena ukulungisa iphampu kawoyela
Iphampu kawoyela ithathwa njengomshini ongalungiswa ngisho nomshayeli ongenalwazi. Konke kumayelana nobulula bomklamo kanye nenani elincane lezingxenye. Ukuze ulungise iphampu uzodinga:
- ama-wrenches avulekile "10" - ama-2 ama-pcs.;
- umbusi - 1 pc.;
- probes - isethi;
- i-vice.
Ukuze ulungise iphampu yamafutha, udinga ukuyikhipha emotweni bese uyiqaqa. Kungcono ukuqaqa ingxenye ngokulandelana:
- Nqamula ipayipi lokuhambisa uwoyela endaweni yephampu.
- Susa amabhawodi amathathu okufaka.
- Nqamula i-valve yokwehlisa umfutho.
- Susa intwasahlobo kusuka ku-valve.
- Susa ikhava empompini.
- Susa igiya eliyinhloko kanye ne-shaft endlini.
- Okulandelayo, susa igiya lesibili.
Isithombe: izigaba eziyinhloko zomsebenzi wokulungisa
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- Ngemva kokunqanyulwa, amafutha angase avuze emibhobho, ngakho-ke kunconywa ukulungisa ama-rags kusengaphambili
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- Iphampu ilungiswe ngamabholithi amathathu kuphela, ngakho-ke kuzoba lula ukuyisusa
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- Kungcono ukuqaqa iphampu endaweni ehlanzekile ukuvimbela uthuli ukuthi lungangeni ngaphakathi
Lokhu kuqeda ukuhlakazwa kwephampu kawoyela. Zonke izingxenye ezisusiwe kufanele zigezwe ngophethiloli (uphalafini noma i-solvent evamile), zomiswe futhi zihlolwe. Uma ingxenye inokuqhekeka noma izimpawu zokuguga, kufanele ishintshwe ngaphandle kokwehluleka.
Isigaba esilandelayo somsebenzi wokulungisa ukulungisa izikhala:
- phakathi kwe-axle negiya lesibili, igebe akufanele libe ngaphezu kuka-0,1 mm (kufanele lilinganiswe nerula), uma igebe likhulu, kufanele kushintshwe igiya lesibili;
- phakathi kwamazinyo amagiya amabili akufanele kube ngaphezu kuka-0,25 mm;
- igebe phakathi kwengxenye engenhla yamagiya kanye nesembozo ayikho ngaphezu kuka-0,2 mm;
- igebe phakathi kwesikhwama sepompo kanye nengxenye engaphandle yanoma yiliphi igiya alikho ngaphezu kuka-0,25 mm.
Ngemuva kokuhlola imingcele, ungaqhubekela esigabeni sokugcina sokulungisa - ukuhlola isiphethu ku-valve. Kudingeka ukukala ubude bentwasahlobo endaweni yamahhala - akufanele ibe ngaphezu kuka-3,8 cm ubude. Uma intwasahlobo igqoke kabi, kunconywa ukuyishintsha.
Ividiyo: kanjani ukukala izikhala ngendlela efanele
Ngaphandle kokwehluleka, ngesikhathi sokulungiswa, uphawu lwamafutha kanye nama-gaskets ashintshiwe, ngisho noma asesimweni esigculisayo.
Ngemva kokushintsha zonke izingxenye ezigugile, iphampu kawoyela kufanele ihlanganiswe ngokulandelana okuphambene.
Ividiyo: ukufaka iphampu kawoyela ku-VAZ 2106
I-Oil pump drive
I-oil pump drive iyingxenye edinga ukushiwo ngokwehlukana. Iqiniso liwukuthi ubude bemoto yonke buncike kuyo. Ingxenye yokushayela yepompo likawoyela ngokwayo iqukethe izingxenye eziningana:
- i-parasite shaft;
- igiya eliphakathi;
- umgodi omncane;
- umphini omkhulu.
Izimo eziningi zokuhluleka kwephampu kawoyela zihlotshaniswa ngokuqondile nokwehluleka kwedrayivu, noma kunalokho, nokuguga kwamagiya splines.. Imvamisa, ama-splines "akhotha" lapho eqala imoto ebusika, lapho ungeke ukwazi ukuqala injini futhi.
Ukugqokwa kwegiya kuyinqubo engenakuhlehliswa ngesikhathi sokusebenza isikhathi eside komshini. Uma amazinyo egiya eqala ukushelela, khona-ke ingcindezi ohlelweni lwamafutha izoba ngaphansi kunokusebenza. Ngakho-ke, injini ngeke ithole inani lokuthambisa elidingayo ukuze isebenze njalo.
Indlela yokushintsha idrayivu yepompo
Ukushintsha igiya lokushayela akuyona inqubo elula, kepha ngemuva kokulungiselela ngokucophelela, ungasusa idrayivu futhi uyilungise:
- Susa isisabalalisi sokuthungela.
- Ukuze ususe igiya eliphakathi, uzodinga umdonsa okhethekile. Kodwa-ke, ungadlula ngokhuni olulula olunobubanzi obungaba ngu-9-10 mm. Induku kufanele ishayelwe ngesando egiyeni, bese ilugoqa ngokulandela iwashi. Igiya libe seliphuma kalula.
- Esikhundleni segiya eligugile, faka elisha usebenzisa induku evamile.
- Faka isisabalalisi sokuthungela.
Ividiyo: esikhundleni sendlela yokushayela iphampu kawoyela
Iyini "ingulube" futhi ikuphi
Njengengxenye yemishini ye-VAZ 2106 kukhona i-shaft, ebizwa ngokuthi "ingulube" (noma "ingulube"). I-shaft ngokwayo ishayela iphampu kawoyela yemoto, kanye nephampu kaphethiloli nezinzwa. Ngakho-ke, uma "ingulube" ihluleka ngokuzumayo, khona-ke umshini uyayeka ukusebenza ngokujwayelekile.
I-shaft ephakathi itholakala engxenyeni yenjini ye-VAZ 2106 ohlangothini olungaphambili lwe-cylinder block. Ku-"isithupha", "ingulube" yethulwa ngokusebenzisa i-chain drive. Le shaft inesakhiwo esilula kakhulu - izintamo ezimbili kuphela. Kodwa-ke, uma ama-bushings ezintanyeni agqoke kabi, ukusebenza kwepompo yamafutha nezinye izindlela kuzoba nzima. Ngakho-ke, lapho behlola iphampu, ngokuvamile babheka ukusebenza "kwezingulube".
Sebenza ngepompo lamafutha ku-VAZ 2106 kungenziwa ngokwakho egaraji. Isici esiyinhloko se "six" ezifuywayo silele ngokunembile ekuziphatheni kokugcinwa nokulula kokuklama. Futhi kuvunyelwe ukulungisa iphampu yamafutha futhi ulungise ukucindezela ohlelweni ngokwakho, ngoba azikho izidingo ezikhethekile zale nqubo.
