Kanjani futhi kungani ulungise ama-valve ku-VAZ-2103

Abanikazi abaningi bezimoto zeSoviet VAZ izimoto babhekene nesidingo sokulungiswa ngezikhathi ezithile nokulungiswa kweyunithi yamandla futhi, ikakhulukazi, indlela yesikhathi. Ngenxa yokugqoka kwezingxenye, ukuvunyelwa okushisayo kwama-valve kuyanda, okuphazamisa ukusebenza kahle kwemoto futhi kungaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu. Njengoba inqubo yokulungisa ayiyona inkimbinkimbi, ingenziwa ngamathuluzi alula endaweni yegaraji.

Inhloso valve enjini Vaz 2103

Amavalvu ayisici esibalulekile sesakhiwo kuyunithi yokusabalalisa igesi yeyunithi yamandla. Ku-VAZ-2103, umshini wesikhathi unama-valve angu-8 (2 nge-cylinder ngayinye), eklanyelwe ukusabalalisa kahle amagesi kumasilinda. Amavalvu ahlinzeka ngengxube yomoya nophethiloli ngokusebenzisa i-manifold yokuthatha futhi asuse amagesi e-exhaust ngokusebenzisa i-exhaust. Uma kunenkinga ngenye yamavalvu, ukusebenza kwenjini kuyaphazamiseka.

Ukulungiswa kwe-valve ku-VAZ 2103

Njengoba ukusebenza kwenjini kusekelwe ekushiseni okuqhubekayo kwengxube ye-fuel-air kumasilinda, iqembu le-cylinder-piston lishisa kakhulu, okuholela ekwandeni kwensimbi.

Ngokwesakhiwo, umshini we-valve unezinsimbi ezikhethekile, ezibizwa nangokuthi ama-rocker. Zifakwe phakathi kwe-camshaft kanye nokuphela kwe-valve stem. Ngamanye amazwi, ikhamera ye-camshaft isebenza ku-valve ngokusebenzisa i-rocker, futhi igebe lilungiswa phakathi kwayo nekhamera ngokwayo. Ngenxa yokwanda kwensimbi, kuba nesidingo sokulingana.

Uma bekungekho igebe elinjalo, ukusebenza kwenjini bekuyoba okungalungile noma kungenzeki ngokuphelele ngenxa yokwephulwa kwesikhathi se-valve.

Ukulungiswa kwe-thermal clearance yama-valve kwenziwa phakathi kwe-camshaft cam kanye ne-lever ekhethekile.

Nini futhi kungani kwenziwa izinguquko

Ukulungiswa kwe-valve kungenye yemisebenzi ebalulekile lapho uhlinzeka injini ngezimoto zomndeni wakwaVAZ. Okokuqala, isidingo senqubo enjalo sihlotshaniswa nomklamo we-valve mechanism. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza komhlangano, ukugqoka kwakhiwa ezindaweni zokuxhumana ze-lever, ekupheleni kwe-valve kanye namakhamera we-camshaft, okuthinta ukwanda kwegebe. Ngenxa yokuthi umklamo womshini ulula, ukulungiswa ngaphandle kobunzima obuningi kungenziwa ngokwakho.

Isidingo sokusetha imvume efanele sivela ezimweni ezilandelayo:

• lapho ulungisa indlela yokwenza isikhathi;
• umsindo uzwakala endaweni yekhanda le-cylinder;
• I-mileage ngemuva kokulungiswa kokugcina ingaphezulu kwe-15 km.;
• amandla enjini ehlile;
• ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli.

Ngemuva komsebenzi wokulungisa ngomshini wesikhathi, kuphoqelekile ukulungisa ama-valve

Ukuncipha kwe-dynamics kungase futhi kuhlotshaniswe ne-carburetor. Uma ukulungiswa kwalesi yunithi akuzange kunikeze imiphumela, into elandelayo okufanele uyinake i-valve.

Amathuluzi okulungisa

Ukulungiswa kwegebe elishisayo kwenziwa kusetshenziswa izinto zokwakha namathuluzi okufanele abe ku-arsenal yawo wonke umnikazi we "classics":

• isethi yesokhethi kanye nama-wrenches avulekile (kufanele abe nama-wrenches avulekile "13" kanye "17");
• phenya ukulinganisa igebe;
• izikulufo;
• amanikiniki.

Ngokwehlukana, kufanele ugxile ku-probe, ngoba ithuluzi elivamile eliyisicaba lale nqubo ngeke lisebenze. Uzodinga i-probe ebanzi engu-0,15 mm ubukhulu.

Ukuze ulungise igebe elishisayo, uzodinga i-probe ekhethekile ebanzi engu-0,15 mm obukhulu

Umsebenzi wokulungiselela

Ngaphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ukulungiswa kwenziwa injini ebandayo, ukudilizwa ingxenye ezinye izakhi zayo kuyodingeka:

1. Siqaqa amantongomane bese sisusa isembozo sokuhlunga umoya, sikhipha isici sokuhlunga ngokwaso.
   

   Sisusa isihlungi somoya, ngemva kwalokho siqaqa icala ngokwalo
2. Sinqamula ama-hoses ukuya endlini yokuhlunga, emva kwalokho sikhulula izinsimbi.
3. Usebenzisa i-screwdriver, qaqa into yokubopha ikhebula lokumunca, bese uqaqa i-throttle rod.
   

   Ukuhlakazwa kwesembozo se-valve kuzophazamisa ikhebula lokumunca, kuqaqa izikulufu zokubopha kwayo futhi kukhiphe ingxenye eceleni.
4. Usebenzisa isikrufu sesokhethi ku-"10", khulula amantongomane uvikele ikhava yekhanda yesilinda bese uyisusa.
   

   Ukuze ulungise ama-valve, uzodinga ukususa isembozo se-valve, lapho sikhulula amantongomane okubopha.
5. Siqaqa ikhava yomsabalalisi.

Ngemuva kwezenzo ezenziwe, usebenzisa ukhiye okhethekile, uzodinga ukusetha i-piston yesilinda sesine ku-TDC. I-crankshaft pulley kuleli cala kufanele ifakwe ngokuphambene nobude bophawu ku-cylinder block, igiya le-camshaft - elibhekene ne-ebb ku-cap bearing, isilayidi sokusabalalisa - sihambisana nocingo lwesilinda sesine.

Ngaphambi kokuqala ukulungiswa, faka i-crankshaft ne-camshaft ngokusho kwamamaki ahambisanayo

Inqubo Yokulungiswa Kwevelufa

Ngemuva kokuthi wonke amamaki asethiwe, siqhubeka nokuhlola noma ukulungisa igebe, okufanele libe ngu-0,15 mm:

1. Siqala ukusebenza ngama-valve 6 no-8, sibala ukusuka ohlangothini lweketango lesikhathi. Sifaka i-probe phakathi kwe-camshaft cam kanye ne-rocker futhi, uma ingena ngokulinganayo, asikho isidingo sokulungisa.
   

   Sebenzisa i-feeler gauge ukuze uhlole imvume futhi ulungise uma kunesidingo.
2. Uma i-probe ingena ngokukhululeka noma ngobunzima, igebe kuzodingeka lilungiswe. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ngokhiye othi "13" sibambe ikhanda le-bolt, futhi ngesihluthulelo "17" sikhulula i-lock nut. Sifaka i-probe bese sibeka isikhundla esifunayo ngokuzungeza i-bolt, emva kwalokho siqinisa i-nati yokukhiya futhi, ngokulawula, hlola ukuthi igebe lishintshile.
   

   Ukuze ulungise imvume, ubambe ikhanda lebhawodi ngokhiye othi "13", futhi ukhulule i-lock nut ngokhiye ku-"17".
3. Igebe kuma-valve asele libekwe ngendlela efanayo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, vula i-crankshaft ingxenye yokujika bese ulungisa ama-valve 4 no-7.
   

   Ngemuva kwama-valve 6 no-8, siphendulela i-crankshaft isigamu ukujika, silungisa ama-valve 4 no-7.
4. Siphendulela i-crankshaft enye i-180˚ bese silungisa ama-valve angu-1 no-3.
   

   Ukuze ulungise ama-valve amanye amasilinda, vula i-crankshaft ngokhiye okhethekile
5. Okokugcina, sihlola futhi, uma kunesidingo, silungise ama-valve 2 no-5.

I-probe kuwo wonke ama-valve kufanele ikhishwe ngamandla afanayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kubalulekile ukwazi nokukhumbula ukuthi igebe elincane elishisayo liyoba libi kakhulu kunelikhulu, futhi lokhu kungaholela ekushiseni kwama-valve.

Ividiyo: ukulungiswa kwe-valve ku-VAZ 2101-07 izimoto

Izimpawu ze-valve stem

Ama-valve stem seal, abizwa nangokuthi ama-valve seal, aklanyelwe ukususa uwoyela kuma-valve futhi avimbele uwoyela oweqile ukuthi ungangeni enjinini. Ngenxa yokuthi ama-caps enziwe ngenjoloba, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi le ngxenye ivele iguge futhi iqale ukudedela amafutha, ngenxa yalokho ukusetshenziswa kwayo kuyanda.

Ziyini izigxivizo zikawoyela?

Ukuze i-camshaft isebenze kahle, umhlangano udinga ukugcotshwa njalo. Nokho, ukungena kwayo kumasilinda eyunithi yamandla kuyinto engathandeki. Yilokhu kanye izigqoko zamafutha ezaklanyelwe zona. Uma ibhokisi lokugxusha lingawenzi umsebenzi walo, amafutha angena ekamelweni elivuthayo eduze kwesiqu se-valve, okuholela ekwakhekeni kwengxube eyodwa ngophethiloli nomoya. Ngesikhathi sokushiswa kwamafutha, amadiphozi ekhabhoni akhiwa kokubili esihlalweni sevalvu nasohlangothini lwevalvu eseduze nayo. Ngenxa yalokho, ingxenye ayivali ngokujwayelekile.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-carbon deposits inqwabelana ezindongeni ze-cylinder, endaweni engaphezulu ye-piston, kanye nasemasongweni e-piston. Konke lokhu kuthinta kokubili ukusebenza kwenjini kanye nensiza yayo. Isibonelo, ukuphenduka kokungenzi lutho kuba nokungazinzi, ukucindezela kuyancipha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uwoyela ongena ekamelweni elivuthayo uholela ekuwohlokeni kwezici zokuthungela zengxube ye-fuel-air. Lokhu kuphakamisa ukuthi izimpawu ze-valve stem zenza umsebenzi obalulekile futhi ukunakwa okukhethekile kufanele kukhokhwe ekusebenzeni kwazo.

Yiziphi caps ukufaka ku-VAZ-2103

Bebhekene nesidingo sokushintsha nokukhetha ama-valve seal, bakhetha ncamashi leyo mikhiqizo efanele imodeli ethile yenjini. Njengoba abakhiqizi basekhaya bengaphansi kwekhwalithi kulabo abangenisiwe, okuthandwayo kufanele kunikezwe kumikhiqizo eyaziwa kakhulu njengo-Elring, Glazer, Goetze.

Ama-valve stem seal asetshenziselwa ukususa uwoyela kuma-valve.

Izimpawu zezimpawu zamafutha ezigugile

Ungahlulela ukuthi impilo yesevisi ye-caps isiphelile ngezimpawu ezilandelayo eziyinhloko:

• ukubonakala kwentuthu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kusuka ohlelweni lokukhipha umoya;
• ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kukawoyela (cishe ilitha elingu-1 ngekhilomitha eyinkulungwane);
• ukubonakala komsizi kuma-spark plugs.

Ngokwesilinganiso, izimpawu ze-valve "zihamba" cishe izinkulungwane eziyi-100 km.

Ungashintsha kanjani ama-valve stem seal ku-VAZ 2103

Ukuze ushintshe ama-valve seal, uzodinga ukulungiselela ithuluzi elilandelayo:

• i-cracker;
• ama-tweezers;
• induku ye-tin solder (d = 8 mm noma ngaphezulu);
• isando;
• izidladla zekhala ezinde.

Ukushintsha ama-valve stem seals, uzodinga ukulungisa isethi ethile yamathuluzi

Ngemva kwalokho, ungakwazi ukuya emsebenzini:

1. Sikhipha itheminali engalungile ebhethrini, into yokuhlunga, ikhava yayo yendlu kanye nevalvu.
   

   Siqala umsebenzi wokushintsha ama-valve stem seals ngokudiliza indlu ngesihlungi kanye nesembozo se-valve
2. Setha i-crankshaft ku-TDC 1 kanye namasilinda angu-4.
   

   Ukuze singaphazamisi isikhathi se-valve, sibeka i-piston ye-1 ne-4 ku-TDC
3. Khulula kancane ibhawudi yokukhweza i-camshaft sprocket ngokuqaqa iwasha yokukhiya.
4. Ngemva kokukhulula i-chain tensioner nut isigamu ukuphenduka, sikhipha isicathulo nge-screwdriver, sikhulule ukungezwani futhi siqinise i-nut emuva, okungukuthi sikhulula iketango.
   

   Ukuze ususe i-sprocket, uzodinga ukukhulula uchungechunge lwesikhathi, lapho i-chain tensioner nut ithukululwa khona.
5. Siqaqa ngokuphelele ibhawodi elilungisa i-sprocket futhi siyiqaqe, kuyilapho sigcina iketango lingawi. Ukuze ugweme ukuwa, ihlanganiswe ngocingo ku-vest nge-asterisk.
   

   Ngemva kokukhulula iketango, khulula ibhawodi elivikela igiya le-camshaft bese ulisusa
6. Siqaqa amantongomane ukuze sivikele indawo yokuzala.
   

   Ukudiliza izindlu ezithwalayo, qaqa amantongomane okubopha
7. Sicisha ikhandlela lesilinda sokuqala bese sifaka induku yethini. Ukuphela kwayo kufanele kubekwe phakathi kwe-piston ne-valve.
8. Ngosizo lwe-cracker, sicindezela iziphethu ze-valve yokuqala, emva kwalokho sikhipha ama-crackers ngamapulangwe ekhala elide.
   

   Ukuqaqa izigxivizo ze-valve stem, sicindezela iziphethu nge-cracker bese sikhipha ama-crackers ngamapulangwe ekhala elide.
9. Sisusa ithuluzi kanye ne-valve plate ngeziphethu.
   

   Ngemuva kokukhipha ama-crackers, susa ithuluzi neziphethu
10. Sifaka i-puller ku-cap bese siyisusa ku-valve.
    

    Ukuze ususe ama-caps, uzodinga umdobi okhethekile ofakwa ku-valve
11. Ukuze sigqoke into entsha, siqale siyimanzise emafutheni enjini bese siyicindezela endaweni yayo ngesidonsa.
12. Senza izenzo ezifanayo ngama-valve angu-4.
13. Sivula i-crankshaft ngo-180˚, okuzokwenza kube lula ukomisa ama-valve 2 no-3. Senza inqubo ngokulandelana okufanayo.
14. Ngokuzungezisa i-crankshaft, sishintsha izimpawu kuma-valve asele ngendlela efanayo.

Ngemva kokubuyisela i-crankshaft endaweni yayo yokuqala, isala ukulungisa ukucaciswa kwama-valve futhi ifake izinto ezihlakaziwe endaweni.

Ividiyo: esikhundleni se-valve stem seal ku-"classic"

Ungashintsha kanjani ama-valve stem seals ku-VAZ ngaphandle kokukhipha ikhanda

Isivalo se-valve

Izimoto zomndeni we-VAZ zibonakala ngokuvuza kwamafutha ngaphansi kwesembozo se-valve, okuholela ekungcoleni kwayo yonke injini. Inkinga empeleni ixazululwa kalula: vele ufake i-gasket.

Esikhundleni se-gasket lekhava ye-valve

Ukushintsha uphawu, uzodinga uhlu olulandelayo lwamathuluzi nezinto zokwakha:

• ikhanda isokhethi "10";
• intambo encane yokwandisa
• i-crank noma i-ratchet;
• indwangu eyomile.

Senza umsebenzi ngokulandelana okulandelayo:

1. Sidiliza isihlungi somoya ngezindlu, bese sisusa induku yokulawula i-carburetor throttle.
   

   Ngemuva kokudiliza isihlungi nezindlu, susa induku yokulawula i-carburetor throttle
2. Sikhulula amantongomane avikela ikhava ye-valve, sisusa wonke ama-washer.
   

   Ukuze uhlakaze isembozo se-valve, uzodinga ukukhulula wonke amantongomane bese ususa ama-washer
3. Ukushintsha i-gasket, susa endala, sula ubuso bekhanda bese umboza nge-rag.
   

   Ngemuva kokukhipha i-gasket endala, sula ubuso obuphezu kwekhava kanye nekhanda le-cylinder nge-rag ehlanzekile bese ufaka uphawu olusha.
4. Sifaka uphawu olusha, sibeke ikhava bese siyilungisa.
5. Sibeka zonke izakhi ezihlakaziwe ngokulandelana.

Ukuhleleka kokuqinisa ikhava ye-valve

Ukuze uqinise kahle ikhava ye-valve, inqubo kufanele yenziwe ngokulandelana okuthile, njengoba kuboniswe emfanekisweni ongezansi. Ochwepheshe bayeluleka ukwenza lo msebenzi, kuqala ngamabhawodi aphakathi futhi agcine ngalawa adlulele.

Ukuze kufakwe ikhava ye-valve, umthetho kufanele ulandele umyalelo othile wokuqinisa.

Ngokusetha igebe elishisayo ngendlela efanele, kuzokwazi ukunciphisa umsindo wenjini kuphela, kodwa futhi nokufeza ukuphuma kwamandla aphezulu nokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli. Ukuze uthole nokugcina ukusebenza okuphezulu kweyunithi yamandla, kunconywa ukuthi ukulungiswa kwe-valve kwenziwe ngesikhathi esifanele.