Amafutha e-ATF. Ukuhlukaniswa nezici

Inhloso nezici

Ama-lubricant egiya ahlukaniswe ngokwemibandela abe ngamaqembu amabili:

• kuma-gearbox angama-mechanical (amabhokisi ogiya, amabhokisi okudlulisa namanye amayunithi lapho kusetshenziswa igiya kuphela futhi uwoyela ungasebenzi ukudlulisa ingcindezi yokulawula izindlela);
• kuma-automatic transmissions (umehluko wawo kumafutha omakhenikha kuyithuba elengeziwe lokusebenza ekulawuleni nasezindleleni ze-actuator ezisebenza ngaphansi kwengcindezi).

Uwoyela wokudlulisa we-ATF wokuhambisa okuzenzakalelayo awusetshenziswa kuphela kuma-gearbox wendabuko, lapho i-torque idluliselwa ngesiguquli se-torque kumasethi wamagiya eplanethi. Uketshezi lwe-ATF luphinde luthelwe emabhokisini esimanje e-DSG, ama-CVT, izinguqulo zamarobhothi zomakhenikha, isiteringi sikagesi kanye nezinhlelo zokumiswa kwe-hydraulic.

Amafutha e-ATP anenombolo yezici ezibalulekile ezibeka lezi zinto zokugcoba esigabeni esihlukile.

1. I-viscosity ephansi ngokuqhathaniswa. Isilinganiso se-kinematic viscosity ku-100°C kumafutha e-ATP ngu-6-7 cSt. Ngenkathi uwoyela wegiya webhokisi legiya lezandla eline-viscosity ngokuya nge-SAE 75W-90 (evame ukusetshenziswa endaweni ephakathi yeRussian Federation) inomsebenzi we-viscosity we-13,5 kuya ku-24 cSt.
2. Ukufaneleka komsebenzi kuma-hydrodynamic transmissions (i-torque converter kanye nokuhlanganisa uketshezi). Izinto zokugcoba ezivamile zi-viscous kakhulu futhi azikwazi ukuhamba okwanele ukumpompa ngokukhululekile phakathi kwama-impeller nama-turbine impeller blades.
3. Ikhono lokubekezelela umfutho wegazi ophakeme isikhathi eside. Kumayunithi okulawula kanye nabaphathi bokudlulisa okuzenzakalelayo, ingcindezi ifinyelela kuma-atmospheres ayi-5.

4. Ukuqina kwesisekelo nezithasiselo. Akwamukelekile ukuthi amafutha ayisisekelo noma izithasiselo zonakalise futhi zihle. Lokhu kuzodala ukungasebenzi kahle ohlelweni lwe-valve, ama-piston kanye nama-valve body solenoid. Uketshezi lwe-ATP lwezobuchwepheshe lungasebenza iminyaka engu-8-10 ngaphandle kokushintshwa.
5. Izakhiwo zokungqubuzana kumapetshi okuxhumana. Amabhande amabhuleki kanye nezinsimbi zokushayisana ziyasebenza ngenxa yamandla okungqubuzana. Kukhona izithasiselo ezikhethekile emafutheni okuhambisa okuzenzakalelayo asiza ama-disc nama-brake band ukuthi abambe ngokuphephile futhi angasheleli ekucindezelekeni okuthile endaweni yokuxhumana.

Ngokwesilinganiso, intengo yoketshezi lwe-ATF iphakeme ngokuphindwe izikhathi ezi-2 kunaleyo yamafutha okugcoba amagiya okuhambisa ngesandla.

Umndeni wakwaDexron

I-Dexron transmission fluids ibeka ijubane labanye abakhiqizi ngesikhathi sabo. Lolu hlobo luphethwe ngabakwaGM.

Amafutha e-Dexron 1 ATF avela emuva ngo-1964, lapho ukuhanjiswa okuzenzakalelayo kwakuyivelakancane. Uketshezi lwasheshe lwahoxiswa ekukhiqizeni ngenxa yokuvinjelwa kokusetshenziswa kwamafutha omkhomo, okwakuyingxenye yamafutha.

Ngo-1973, inguqulo entsha yomkhiqizo we-Dexron 2 ATF yangena ezimakethe. Lawa mafutha ayenezici eziphansi zokunqanda ukugqwala. Amaradiyetha esistimu yokupholisa ka-othomathikhi agqwalile ngokushesha. Yaqedwa kuphela ngo-1990. Kodwa imboni yezimoto ethuthuka ngokushesha yayidinga izixazululo ezintsha.

Ngemva kochungechunge lokubuyekezwa kokubunjwa, ngo-1993 uwoyela we-Dexron 3 ATF wabonakala ezimakethe. Iminyaka engu-20, lo mkhiqizo ushintshiwe izikhathi eziningana, futhi izinkomba zabelwa kuwo ngesibuyekezo ngasinye: F, G no-H. Ukuguqulwa kokugcina kwesizukulwane sesithathu se-Dextrons kwethulwa ngo-2003.

I-ATF 4 Dexron yasungulwa ngo-1995 kodwa ayizange yethulwe. Esikhundleni sokwethula uchungechunge, umenzi wanquma ukuthuthukisa umkhiqizo okhona.

Ngo-2006, kwakhululwa inguqulo yakamuva yoketshezi oluvela ku-GM, olubizwa nge-Dexron 6. Lolu ketshezi lwe-ATP luhambisana nawo wonke ama-lubricant omshini wangaphambilini.. Uma inodi ekuqaleni yayidizayinelwe i-ATP 2 noma i-ATP 3 Dextron, ungakwazi ukugcwalisa ngokuphephile i-ATP 6.

Izindinganiso ze-Dexron zokuhambisa okuzenzakalelayo. (Dexron II, Dexron III, Dexron 6)

I-Mercon Fluids

AbakwaFord sebezakhele awabo amafutha okuzishintshashintsha izimoto zabo. Yadalwa ngomfanekiso kanye nokufana kwe-Dextrons, kodwa enezici zayo. Okusho ukuthi, akukho mbuzo wokuguquguquka okuphelele.

Isibikezelo soketshezi oluhlala isikhathi eside lwe-Mercon kwakuyi-Ford ATF Type F. Namuhla ayisasebenzi, kodwa lusatholakala emakethe. Akunconywa ukuyigcwalisa emabhokisini enzelwe amafutha amasha. Ukwakheka okubuthakathaka kwezithasiselo zokulwa nokungqubuzana kungaphazamisa ukusebenza kwama-hydraulics. I-ATF Type F isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi isiteringi samandla kanye namakesi okudlulisa amanye amamodeli ezimoto zakwaFord.

Cabanga ngamafutha amanje ashintshashintshayo asuka kwaFord.

1. I-Mercon Lolu ketshezi lwe-ATP lwethulwa ekukhiqizeni ngo-1995. Isizathu esiyinhloko ukwethulwa kwe-automatic transmission ene-electric control kanye ne-valve body eyakhelwe ebhokisini emugqeni wokuhlanganisa. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, kube nokuthuthukiswa okuncane okuncane ekubunjweni kwe-Mercon 5. Ikakhulukazi, isisekelo sithuthukisiwe futhi iphakheji yokwengeza ilinganiselwe. Kodwa-ke, umenzi wenze isiqiniseko sokuthi zonke izinguqulo zala mafutha zazishintshashintsha ngokuphelele (akumele kudidaniswe nezinguqulo ze-LV ne-SP).
2. I-Mercon LV. Ibuye isetshenziswe ekudluliseni okuzenzakalelayo kwesimanje ngokulawulwa kwe-elekthronikhi. Ihluka ku-Mercon 5 ku-viscosity ephansi ye-kinematic - 6 cSt uma iqhathaniswa no-7,5 cSt. Ungayigcwalisa kuphela kulawo mabhokisi ehloselwe wona.
3. I-Mercon SP. Olunye uketshezi lwesizukulwane esisha oluvela kwaFord. Ku-100 ° C, i-viscosity ingu-5,7 cSt kuphela. Ishintshaniswa ne-Mercon LV kwamanye amabhokisi.

Kanti futhi kulayini kawoyela wenjini eshintshwayo ezimotweni zakwaFord kukhona uketshezi lwama-CVT namabhokisi e-DSG.

Amafutha akhethekile

Isabelo semakethe esincane uma kuqhathaniswa soketshezi lwe-ATF (cishe u-10-15%) sithathwa abantu abangaziwa kakhulu ohlotsheni olubanzi lwabashayeli bezimoto, amafutha akhethekile adalelwe amabhokisi athile noma izinhlobo zezimoto.

1. Uketshezi lwezimoto zeChrysler. Itholakala ngaphansi kophawu ATF +2, ATF +3 kanye ne-ATF +4. Umkhiqizi akakuvumeli ukuthi kuthelwe eminye imikhiqizo esikhundleni salezi ziphuzo. Ikakhulukazi, izimpawu zamafutha omndeni wakwa-Dexron azihambisani noketshezi lwe-Chrysler.
2. Amafutha okuhambisa izimoto zeHonda. Nansi imikhiqizo emibili edume kakhulu: i-Z-1 ne-DW-1. I-Honda ATF DW-1 fluid iyinguqulo ethuthuke kakhulu yamafutha e-ATF Z-1.

3. Uketshezi lwe-ATF lwezimoto zakwaToyota. Okufunwa kakhulu emakethe yi-ATF T4 noma i-WS. I-ATF CVT Fluid TC ithululelwa emabhokisini e-CVT.
4. Amafutha ku-automatic transmission Nissan. Lapha ukukhethwa kwezinto zokugcoba kubanzi kakhulu. Imishini isebenzisa i-ATF Matic Fluid D, i-ATF Matic S ne-AT-Matic J Fluid. Kuma-CVT, kusetshenziswa amafutha e-CVT Fluid NS-2 kanye ne-CVT Fluid NS-3.

Ukukhuluma iqiniso, wonke lawa mafutha enziwa kusetshenziswa cishe izithako ezifanayo njengamafutha e-Dexron. Futhi ngokombono zingasetshenziswa esikhundleni salokhu okungenhla. Nokho, i-automaker ayikukhuthazi ukwenza lokhu.

Uwoyela we-Ford automatic transmission. (Ford Mercon V, Meron LV, Mercon SP, Meron C)