Imoto ihlezi ingenzi lutho - izimbangela

Abashayeli abaningi bayasazi lesi simo uma injini iqala ukusebenza ngendlela engafanele noma ima ingasebenzi. Ngemva kokuba umshayeli ethatha unyawo lwakhe off the pedal gas, tachometer ingase ibonise inombolo evamile revolutions, noma okuphambene nalokho, ukufundwa kwayo kushintsha njalo futhi ukucwiliswa injini kuzwakala, futhi ngemva kwesikhashana igcina ngokuphelele.

Kungaba nezizathu eziningi zokungasebenzi kahle okunjalo, zincike ohlotsheni lwenjini - injector, carburetor - ekwenzeni imoto, kuhlobo lwebhokisi le-gearbox. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinkinga ezinjalo zivela hhayi ezimotweni ezifuywayo kuphela, kodwa nasezimotweni zakwamanye amazwe ezinemvelaphi ehloniphekile. Ake sizame ukukuqonda.

Izizathu ezinkulu zokuthi injini iyeke ukungenzi lutho

Ngisho nabashayeli abanolwazi abakwazi ukuhlonza inkinga ngendlela efanele. Izizathu ezimbalwa eziyinhloko ezifika ngokushesha engqondweni:

• inzwa yesivinini engenzi lutho ayisebenzi;
• umzimba we-throttle awuzange uhlanzwe isikhathi eside;
• ukwehluleka kwenzwa ye-throttle position;
• imibhobho yesistimu yomjovo ivalekile;
• I-carburetor ayisebenzi kahle, amanzi ku-carburetor.

Kunjalo, kukhona nezinkinga ezifana ne-banal njengetheminali yebhethri ephukile, ithangi elingenalutho, kanye nekhwalithi ephansi yamafutha. Kodwa lokhu sekuvele kuyicala elihlukile, futhi akufanelekile ukuchaza ukuthi zingasuswa kanjani.

Izindlela zokuxazulula izinkinga

Ngakho-ke, inzwa yesivinini engenzi lutho - iphinde ibe i-valve, iphinde ibe isilawuli, iphinde ibe i-valve ye-electro-pneumatic - inesibopho sokuhlinzeka komoya ku-multifold bypassing the throttle. Uma ihluleka, khona-ke umoya ungangena kuphela endaweni eningi ngokusebenzisa i-damper, ngokulandelana, lapho nje ususa unyawo lwakho ku-pedal pedal, injini iqala ukuqina.

Futhi, isizathu singase silele eqinisweni lokuthi umzila womoya lapho umoya ungena khona udlula i-throttle uvalekile. Yiba noma kunjalo, kodwa kulokhu kufanelekile ukudiliza inzwa ngokuphelele, ukuhlanza isiteshi nokufaka esisha.

Uma inkinga ingaphakathi mpintshakhona-ke kuyodingeka uyihlanze ngokuphelele. Ukuze wenze lokhu, iyahlakazwa, ihlakazwe, ihlanzwe ngosizo lwamathuluzi akhethekile futhi ifakwe endaweni.

Inzwa yesimo sempintsha - DPDZ. Uma ukwehluleka nokuma kwenjini kubonwa, khona-ke "Injini Yokuhlola" izokwazisa ngokuwohloka kwe-TPS. Inzwa ixhunywe ku-axis ye-throttle futhi isabela ezinguqukweni zayo, idlulisele lolu lwazi ku-CPU. Uma ulwazi ludluliselwa ngokungalungile, uhlelo lwe-fuel ngeke lukwazi ukusebenza ngendlela efanele. Akunzima ukufaka inzwa ngokwakho - itholakala epayipini le-valve ye-throttle, udinga nje ukukhulula ama-bolts amabili, uke wahlwitha ibhulokhi ngezintambo, futhi ugoqa inzwa entsha.

Uma izinkinga ku ama-injection, khona-ke kudingekile ukuxosha i-injector ngosizo lwezinhlanganisela ezikhethekile ezithengiswa kunoma yisiphi isiteshi segesi, zengezwe kuphethiloli futhi kancane kancane zenza umsebenzi wazo. Nakuba inqubo ephumelela kakhulu ukuhlanza i-injector, eyenziwa ngemishini ekhethekile.

Uma unayo carburetor futhi amanzi anqwabelana kuwo, lokhu kungase kubangelwe ukujiya. Kulokhu, uzodinga ukususa ikhava ye-carburetor futhi ususe umswakama. Uma inkinga iqhubeka, wonke amanzi kufanele akhishwe ethangini likaphethiloli nasezintanjeni zamafutha.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ukuxilonga inkinga ethile kuwumsebenzi onzima. Isibonelo, ukuhlukaniswa kwesilawuli sesivinini esingenzi lutho singaqagelwa kuphela ngezindlela ezingaqondile, kuyilapho inkinobho ethi "Hlola Injini" izokwazisa mayelana nokwehluleka kwe-TPS.

Izizathu ezengeziwe zokuma kokungenzi lutho

Ngaphezu kwakho konke lokhu okungenhla, okunye ukuwohloka kuvame ukwenzeka.

Ukwanda kwegebe phakathi kwama-electrode, amakhandlela agcotshwe ngamafutha. Isixazululo ukufaka ama-spark plug amasha, ukuwafaka kahle, noma ukuhlanza amadala.

Ukuvuza komoya kwenzeka ngenxa yokuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukuqiniswa kwekhava eningi ekhanda le-cylinder kuba buthaka ngenxa yokudlidliza. I-gasket eningi iqala ukungena emoyeni. Isixazululo ukukhulula i-manifold, uthenge i-gasket entsha bese usebenzisa i-sealant ukuyilungisa endaweni bese ugoqa i-manifold emuva ngokuhambisana ne-torque enqunyiwe - ukuqina okubuthakathaka noma okunamandla kakhulu kwe-stud kuholela ekulimaleni kwe-gasket.

Futhi, umoya ungavuza nge-carburetor noma ukuxuba i-gasket yegumbi.

Olunye udaba olubalulekile ukuthungela okusethwe ngokungalungile. Inhlansi ibonakala ngaphambi kwesikhathi noma sekwephuzile, ngenxa yalokho ukuqhunyiswa kungenzeki ngesikhathi okufanele kwenzeke ngaso. Isixazululo ukusetha isikhathi esiqondile sokuthungela usebenzisa ikhoyili yokuthungela kanye ne-crankshaft pulley, okumele ihlanganiswe namamaki asekhavani yesikhathi.

Uhlu lungaqhubeka isikhathi eside kakhulu. Kodwa okubaluleke kakhulu ukuxilonga kahle imbangela yokuwohloka, ngisho nama-gaskets amancane kakhulu, ama-cuffs noma ama-seal aphuka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, futhi lokhu kuholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu.

Ividiyo yalabo abanezimoto ezihlala engenzi lutho. Isixazululo kule nkinga ngesibonelo imoto Vaz 2109.

Iyalayisha...