Ama-motors amahle kakhulu eminyakeni engama-20 edlule
Okuqukethwe
Ngo-1999, umagazini i-Technology International (UK) wamemezela ukusungulwa komklomelo womhlaba wenjini ehamba phambili emhlabeni wonke. Ukuhlaziywa kwakususelwa kuzibuyekezo ezinikezwe izintatheli zezimoto ezingaphezu kwezingu-60 ezaziwayo ezivela emhlabeni wonke. Wazalwa kanjena umklomelo we-International Engine of the Year.
Isikhumbuzo seminyaka engama-20 kwasungulwa lo mncintiswano siyisikhathi esihle kakhulu sokufingqa izinjini ezibabazekayo ebukhoneni balo mklomelo (1999-2019). Kugalari engezansi, ungabona ukuthi yikuphi ukuguqulwa okwenziwe kwaba phezulu kwabangu-10.
Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi le miklomelo imvamisa inikezwa izinjini ezintsha ngokususelwa kokuvelayo kwezintatheli, hhayi ngokuhlangenwe nakho kwabashayeli. Ngalesi sizathu, uhlu aluqukethe wonke amayunithi ahlukaniswa ngokuthembeka nokuqina kwawo.
10. I-Fiat TwinAir
Indawo yeshumi ohlwini ihlukaniswe phakathi kwamayunithi amathathu. Enye yalezi zinto yiFiat 0,875 litre iTwinAir, eyahlabana ngezindondo ezine emcimbini ka-2011, okubalwa neBest Engine. Usihlalo weJury uDean Slavnic uyibize "njengenye yezinjini ezihamba phambili emlandweni".
Iyunithi yeFiat ibonakala ngesistimu yesikhathi sokushintsha kwe-valve esebenzisa ama-hydraulic drives. Uhlobo lwayo oluyisifiso semvelo luyatholakala kwiFiat Panda naku-500, ibanikeze amandla amahhashi angama-60.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziguquguqukayo ezine-turbocharged ezinamandla angama-80 no-105. Zisetshenziswa kumamodeli afana neFiat 500L, Alfa Romeo MiTo neLancia Ypsilon. Le njini nayo ithole umklomelo ohlonishwayo waseJalimane uRaoul Pitsch.
10. BMW N62 4.4 Valvetronic
Le V8 efiseleke ngokwemvelo bekuyinjini yokuqala yokukhiqiza enezinhlobo eziningi zokutholwa kokudla kanye neBMW 2002 yokuqala eneValvetronic. Ngo-XNUMX, yathola imiklomelo emithathu yaminyaka yonke ye-IEY, efaka phakathi i- "Grand Engine of the Year".
Ukuhlukahluka kwayo okuhlukahlukene kufakiwe ku-5-Series enamandla kakhulu, 7-Series, X5, lonke ulayini we-Alpina, kanye nabakhiqizi bezemidlalo abanjengoMorgan noWiesmann. Amandla amayunithi avela ku-272 kuya ku-530 amandla wehhashi.
Ubuchwepheshe bayo obuthuthukisiwe bukulethele udumo emhlabeni wonke, kepha ngenxa yomklamo wayo osezingeni eliphezulu, akuyona yezimoto ezithembeke kakhulu ezizungezile. Sincoma ukuthi abathengi bezimoto ezisetshenzisiwe baqaphele le yunithi.
10. IHonda IMA 1.0
Isifinyezo se-Integrated Motor Assist siwubuchwepheshe bokuqala obuyingxube obukhiqizwe ngobuningi benkampani yaseJapane, ekuqaleni obuhlongozwe imodeli yangaphandle edumile i-Insight. Empeleni iyihybrid ehambisanayo, kodwa enomqondo ohluke ngokuphelele uma uqhathaniswa, yithi, iToyota Prius.
Ku-IMA, kufakwa imoto kagesi phakathi kwenjini yomlilo nokudluliswa ukuze kusebenze njengesiqalo, idivayisi yokulinganisa kanye neyunithi elisizayo njengoba kudingeka.
Sekuyiminyaka eminingi lolu hlelo lusetshenziswa ngezinjini ezifika ku-1,3 amalitha. Ifakwe ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zakwaHonda - kusukela ku-Insight, i-Freed Hybrid, i-CR-Z ne-Acura ILX Hybrid yase-Europe kuya ezinguqulweni eziyingxube zeJazz, Civic ne-Accord.
9. IToyota KR 1.0
Eqinisweni, lo mndeni wamayunithi amathathu oyisilinda onamabhulokhi e-aluminium awuthuthukiswanga yiToyota, kepha wenziwe yiDaihatsu engaphansi kwawo.
Kuqala ngo-2004, lezi zinjini zisebenzise amakhanda amasilinda aqhutshwa ngamaketanga e-DOHC, umjovo onamaphoyinti amaningi kanye nama-valve amane isilinda ngasinye. Enye yamandla abo kwakuyisisindo sabo esiphansi ngokungajwayelekile - ama-kilogram angama-4 kuphela.
Kuyo yonke le minyaka, izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zalezi zinjini zenziwe ngomthamo wamandla wamahhashi angama-65 kuye kwangama-98. Afakwe esizukulwaneni sokuqala nesesibili seToyota Aygo / Citroen C1 / Peugeot 107, Toyota Yaris ne-IQ, eDaihatsu Cuore naseSirion, kanye naseSubaru Justy.
8. IMazda 13B-MSP Renesis
Ukuphikelela kwenkampani yaseJapan ekufakeni izinjini ze-Wankel, eyayizinike ilayisense kwa-NSU ngaleso sikhathi, yaklonyeliswa ngalo msebenzi wobuciko, obizwa ngekhodi 13B-MSP. Kuyo, imizamo yesikhathi eside yokulungisa ubuthakathaka obubili obuyinhloko balolu hlobo lwenjini - ukusetshenziswa okuphezulu nokukhishwa kwegesi ngokweqile - kubonakala kuthela izithelo.
Ushintsho lwangempela kokuphindwayo kokukhipha luye lwakhuphula kakhulu ukucindezela kwangempela namandla ngalo. Kukonke, ukusebenza kahle kukhuphuke ngama-49% kunezizukulwane ezedlule.
KwaMazda bafake le njini ku-RX-8 bahlabana ngayo nezindondo ezintathu ngo-2003, okuhlanganisa neyokuhlonishwa kweye-Engine of the Year. Ikhadi elikhulu lecilongo laliyisisindo esiphansi (112 kg kunguqulo eyisisekelo) nokusebenza okuphezulu - amandla afinyelela ku-235 ngamalitha angu-1,3 kuphela. Kodwa-ke, kuhlala kunzima kakhulu ukuyinakekela futhi kunezingxenye eziguga kalula.
7.BMW N54 3.0
Uma kunezinkulumo ezithile zokukhuthazela nge-BMW's 4,4-litre V8, kunzima ukuzwa igama elibi nge-N54 inline-six.
Le yunithi yamalitha amathathu yaqala ngo-2006 ezinhlotsheni ezinamandla kakhulu zochungechunge lwesithathu (i-E90) futhi yazuza umklomelo we-International Engine of the Year iminyaka emihlanu ilandelana. Impumelelo efanayo itholakele kumlingani waseMelika uWard's Auto iminyaka emithathu ilandelana.
Ngomjovo oqondile nokulawulwa okuguquguqukayo okubili kwe-camshaft (VANOS), lena yinjini yokuqala ye-BMW ekhiqiza i-turbocharged yokuqala. Sekuyiminyaka eyishumi ihlanganiswe kuyo yonke into: E90, E60, E82, E71, E89, E92, F01, kanye nezinguquko ezincane, kulayini we-Alpina.
6. BMW B38 1.5
I-BMW ingumkhiqizo oklonyeliswe kakhulu emashumini amabili okuqala eminyaka (i-International Engine of the Year) kanti lo ongenele ongalindelekile wenze umncintiswano obucayi: i-three-cylinder turbo engine enomthamo wamalitha ayi-1,5, 11: 1 compression ratio, umjovo oqondile, i-VANOS yamawele kanye ne-aluminium turbocharger yokuqala emhlabeni eyenziwe Izwekazi.
Iphinde yakhelwe nezimoto ezidonsa ngamasondo angaphambili njengeBMW 2 Series Active Tourer neMINI Hatch, kanjalo nezinhlobo zangemuva zamasondo.
Kepha isimangalo sayo esikhulu sodumo sivela ekusetshenzisweni kwayo kokuqala: kwi-i8 yezemidlalo hybrid, lapho, kwiphakeji enezinjini zikagesi, inikeze ukushesha okufanayo neLamborghini Gallardo eyake yaba nayo.
5. IToyota 1NZ-FXE 1.5
Le nguqulo ekhethekile yenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi yochungechunge lwe-NZ ene-aluminium block. Yenzelwe ngqo izimoto ezi-hybrid, ikakhulukazi i-Prius ethandwayo. Injini inesilinganiso sokucindezela ngokomzimba esiphakeme esingu-13,0: 1, kepha ukuvalwa kwe-valve yokudla kuyabambezeleka, okuholela ekucindezelweni kwangempela kuye ku-9,5: 1 nokuyibangela ukuthi isebenze ngohlobo lomjikelezo we-Atkinson olingisiwe. Lokhu kunciphisa amandla ne-torque, kepha kwandisa ukusebenza kahle.
Lokhu okuhlukile nge-77 hp. (5000 rpm), yayimi ngaphansi kwesikhwama se-Prius MK1 neMK2 (isizukulwane sesithathu sesivele sihlonyiswe nge-2ZR-FXE), i-Yaris hybrid namanye amamodeli amaningi anenjini efanayo yomlilo yangaphakathi.
4. IVW 1.4 TFSI, TSI Twincharger
Isisekelo salolu phiko sithathwe i-EA111. Ngokokuqala ngqa, ukuguqulwa kwe-turbocharged yenjini evuthayo yezwakala ku-Frankfurt Motor Show ngo-2005. Yayisetshenziswa njengeyunithi enkulu yeGolf-5. Ekuqaleni, ama-in-line amane (1,4 amalitha) athuthukise i-150 hp. futhi yayifakwe i-Twincharger system - i-compressor kit ene-turbocharger. Ukususwa okuncishisiwe kunikeze ukonga okukhulu kukaphethiloli kuyilapho amandla ayephezulu ngo-14% kune-2.0 FSI.
Yenziwe eChemnitz, le divayisi isetshenziswe ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene cishe kuyo yonke imikhiqizo eyenziwe ngesiJalimane. Kamuva kwavela inguqulo enamandla ancishisiwe, ngaphandle kwe-compressor, kodwa kuphela nge-turbocharger ne-intercooler. Bekubuye kube lula nge-14 kg.
3. BMW S54 3.2
Iyunithi yamandla kaBavaria 3,2-litre izuze indawo yesithathu phakathi kwezinjini zomlilo zangaphakathi ezimangazayo eminyakeni engama-20 edlule. Le njini ingukuguqulwa okusha kwe-S50 esivele isebenza kahle (i-6-cylinder TSI aspirated). Iyunithi yokugcina yenzelwe ngokukhethekile enye yezinsimbi ezithandwa kakhulu ezemidlalo i-M3 (E46).
Ezisethweni zefektri, le yunithi yayinezici ezilandelayo: 343 hp. ngo-7 900 rpm, i-torque ephezulu engu-365 Newtons futhi iba kalula ngama-8 rpm.
2. IFord 1.0 EcoBoost
Ngemuva kwama-tweaks ambalwa abucayi futhi anomsindo, izinkulungwane zemibiko yokushisa ngokweqile nokuzishisa, lezi zinjini ezingama-3 cylinder zinegama elonakalisiwe.
Kodwa-ke, ubuchwepheshe be-EcoBoost uqobo babungeyona imbangela yalezi zinkinga (lokhu kuyintuthuko enkulu yobunjiniyela). Iningi lezinkinga livele ngokuphathelene nezinkinga ohlelweni lokupholisa nezinye izinhlelo ezisemaphethelweni.
Ithuthukiswe yiFord Europe eDanton, UK, le ICE yethulwa ngo-2012. Kusukela ngomzuzu wokuqala, ujabulise zonke izintatheli zezimoto nabathandi bezimoto. Kwilitha elilodwa levolumu, iyunithi ikhiqize i-hp engakholeki engu-125. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, kwavela inguqulo enamandla amakhulu, eyatholwa yi-Fiesta Red Edition (i-subcompact yangaphakathi yomlilo injini yathuthukisa amabutho ayi-140). Uzophinde ukuthole ku-Focus naku-C-Max. Phakathi kuka-2012 no-2014, ubephumelele kathathu kulo mklomelo waminyaka yonke.
1. IFerrari F154 3.9
"Umpetha" ophelele weminyaka emine edlule. Abenzi bezimoto base-Italy bayikhiphe njengendawo ye-F120A (2,9 L). Intsha ithole i-turbine ephindwe kabili, uhlelo lokujova ngqo, ukusatshalaliswa kwegesi okuguquguqukayo, kanti i-camber ingu-90о.
Isetshenziswa ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene eFerrari California T, GTC4 Lusso, Portofino, Roma, 488 Pista, F8 Spider kanye ne-high-tech Ferrari SF90 Stradale.
Uzophinde ukuthole kuzinguqulo eziphezulu ze-Maserati Quattroporte neLevante. Ihlobene ngqo ne-V6 emnandi esetshenziswa yi-Alfa Romeo Giulia Quadrifoglio.
