Li-ion ibhethri

Ibhethri ye-lithium ion noma ibhethri le-lithium ion wuhlobo lwebhethri ye-lithium

Ubuchwepheshe obusafufusa be-e-mobility

Omakhalekhukhwini, amakhamera asebhodini, ama-drones, amathuluzi kagesi, izithuthuthu zikagesi, ama-scooters ... amabhethri e-lithium akhona yonke indawo ekuphileni kwethu kwansuku zonke namuhla futhi aguqule ukusetshenziswa okuningi. Kodwa empeleni zilethani futhi zingase ziguquke?

Li-ion ibhethri

История

Kwakungama-1970 lapho ibhethri ye-lithium-ion yethulwa nguStanley Whittingham. Umsebenzi wakamuva uzoqhubeka nguJohn B. Goodenough no-Akiro Yoshino ngo-1986. Kwaze kwafika ngo-1991 lapho u-Sony ethula khona ibhethri lokuqala lohlobo lwayo emakethe futhi waqala uguquko kwezobuchwepheshe. Ngo-2019, abasunguli abathathu baklonyeliswa ngendondo yeNobel kuChemistry.

Isebenza kanjani?

Ibhethri ye-lithium-ion empeleni iyiphakethe lamaseli amaningana e-lithium-ion agcina futhi abuyise amandla kagesi. Ibhethri lisekelwe ezingxenyeni ezintathu eziyinhloko: i-electrode eqondile, ebizwa ngokuthi i-cathode, i-electrode engeyinhle, ebizwa ngokuthi i-anode, ne-electrolyte, isixazululo sokuqhuba.

Lapho ibhethri likhishwa, i-anode ikhipha ama-electron nge-electrolyte iye ku-cathode, yona ishintshanisa ama-ion aqondile. Ukunyakaza kuyashintsha ngenkathi ishaja.

Ngakho-ke, isimiso sokusebenza sihlala sifana nebhethri "lokuhola", ngaphandle kokuthi lapha i-lead ne-lead oxide yama-electrode ithathelwa indawo yi-cobalt oxide cathode, ehlanganisa i-lily encane ne-graphite anode. Ngokufanayo, i-sulfuric acid noma ukugeza kwamanzi kunikeza indlela ye-electrolyte kasawoti we-lithium.

I-electrolyte esetshenziswa namuhla isesimweni esiwuketshezi, kodwa ucwaningo luya ku-electrolyte eqinile, ephephile futhi ehlala isikhathi eside.

Izinzuzo

Kungani ibhethri le-lithium-ion ledlule wonke umuntu kule minyaka engu-20 edlule?

Impendulo ilula. Leli bhethri linikeza ukuminyana kwamandla okuhle kakhulu ngakho-ke lihlinzeka ngokusebenza okufanayo kokonga kwesisindo uma kuqhathaniswa nomthofu, i-nickel ...

Lawa mabhethri aphinde abe nokuzikhulula okuphansi uma kuqhathaniswa (ubukhulu obungu-10% ngenyanga), awanawo ukunakekelwa futhi awanawo umthelela wenkumbulo.

Okokugcina, uma zibiza kakhulu kunobuchwepheshe bebhethri obudala, ishibhile kune-lithium polymer (Li-Po) futhi zihlala zisebenza kahle kune-lithium phosphate (LiFePO4).

I-Lithium-ion ijwayelane nezimoto ezinamasondo angu-2, lapha nge-BMW C Evolution

amaphutha

Kodwa-ke, amabhethri e-lithium-ion awalungile futhi, ikakhulukazi, anomonakalo omkhulu weseli uma ekhishwe ngokugcwele. Ngakho-ke, ukuze bangalahlekelwa izakhiwo zabo ngokushesha, kungcono ukuzilayisha ngaphandle kokulinda ukuba zibe flat.

Okokuqala nje, ibhethri lingabeka engcupheni enkulu yokuphepha. Lapho ibhethri ligcwele ngokweqile noma lehla ngaphansi kuka -5 ° C, i-lithium iqina ngama-dendrites asuka ku-electrode ngayinye. Lapho i-anode ne-cathode zixhunywe ama-dendrite azo, ibhethri lingakwazi ukubamba umlilo futhi liqhume. Amacala amaningi abikwa nge-Nokia, Fujitsu-Siemens noma i-Samsung, ukuqhuma kwenzeka ezindizeni, ngakho-ke namuhla kwenqatshelwe ukuthwala ibhethri ye-lithium-ion endaweni yokubamba, futhi ukugibela ekhabetheni kuvame ukunqunyelwa ngokwamandla (okungavunyelwe ngenhla). 160 Wh futhi ngaphansi kwemvume esuka ku-100 kuye ku-160 Wh).

Ngakho, ukuze kuliwe nalesi simo, abakhiqizi basebenzise izinhlelo zokulawula i-electronic (BMS) ezikwazi ukukala izinga lokushisa kwebhethri, ukulawula i-voltage, nokusebenza njengama-circuit breakers uma kwenzeka iphutha. I-electrolyte eqinile noma ijeli ye-polymer nayo iyimibono ehloliwe ukuze kugwenywe inkinga.

Futhi, ukugwema ukushisa ngokweqile, ukushaja kwebhethri kwehliswa isivinini ngamaphesenti angu-20 okugcina, ngakho izikhathi zokushaja zivame ukukhangiswa ngo-80% ...

Kodwa-ke, ibhethri ye-lithium-ion ewusizo kakhulu yokusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke inomthelela omkhulu emvelweni, okokuqala ngokukhipha i-lithium, edinga inani lezinkanyezi lamanzi ahlanzekile, bese iphinda isetshenziswe ekupheleni kokuphila kwayo. Nokho, ukugaywa kabusha noma ukusetshenziswa kabusha kuyanda unyaka nonyaka.

5,4 kWh Isikuta sikagesi ATL 60V 45A Li-ion Ibhethri

Liyini ikusasa le-lithium ion?

Njengoba ucwaningo luya ngokuya lubheke kolunye ubuchwepheshe olungangcolisi kangako, oluhlala isikhathi eside, olushibhile ukwenziwa, noma oluphephile, ingabe ibhethri ye-lithium-ion ifinyelele amandla ayo?

Ibhethri le-lithium-ion, eselisebenze esikalini sezimboni amashumi amathathu eminyaka, alikaze libe nezwi lalo lokugcina, futhi ukuthuthukiswa kuyaqhubeka nokuthuthukisa ukuminyana kwamandla, isivinini sokushaja, noma ukuphepha. Sikubonile lokhu eminyakeni edlule, ikakhulukazi emkhakheni wezimoto ezinamasondo amabili, lapho isikuta sasikhona cishe amakhilomitha angamashumi amahlanu eminyakeni engu-5 edlule, ezinye izithuthuthu manje zedlula amatheminali angama-200.

Izithembiso zoguquko nazo zingamabutho afana ne-Nawa carbon electrode, ibhethri eligoqekayo le-Jenax, izinga lokushisa elisebenzayo elingu-105 ° C e-NGK ...

Ngeshwa, ucwaningo luvame ukubhekana neqiniso elinzima lenzuzo kanye nezimfuneko zezimboni. Kusalinde ukuthuthukiswa kobunye ubuchwepheshe, ikakhulukazi i-lithium-air elindelwe, i-lithium-ion isenekusasa eliqhakazile, ikakhulukazi emhlabeni wamasondo amabili kagesi, lapho ukuncishiswa kwesisindo nokuncipha kwezinyawo kuyimibandela ebalulekile.