Umsebenzi ohlaselayo we-Lvov-Sandomierz.
Okuqukethwe
Amathangi aseJalimane i-PzKpfw VI Tygrys kanye ne-PzKpfw V Pantera, adutshulwe endaweni yaseDrokhobych; IWestern Ukraine, ngo-August 1944
Izenzo eziyimpumelelo zamasosha aseSoviet eBelarus zidale izimo ezivumayo zokuhlasela kwe-1944th Ukrainian Front (1st UV) endaweni yaseLvov-Sandomierz maphakathi no-July 1. NgoMeyi 25, imashi yathatha umyalo we-FI 1st kuMarshal Georgy Zhukov. Ivan Konev.
Ekuqaleni kwe-440 km, eya entshonalanga ye-Kovel, i-Tarnopol ne-Kolomyia, iqembu lamasosha "eNyakatho ye-Ukraine" ngaphansi komyalo we-Field Marshal Walter Model lathatha ingxenye enkulu yamabutho alo. Yayihlanganisa amabutho amathangi aseJalimane oku-1 kanye nelesi-4, kanye nebutho le-1 laseHungary, izigaba ezingu-34 zamasosha, izigaba ezi-5 zamathangi, i-1 motorized kanye ne-2 infantry brigades. Ngokuhlangene kwakungaphezu kuka-600 6300 amasosha nezikhulu, izibhamu nezibhamu ezingu-900, amathangi angu-4 nezibhamu zokuhlasela. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izingxenye zophiko lwesokunxele lwe-1st Panzer Army zazingaphambi kwamasosha e-4th Belorussian Front. Izindiza ezingu-700 zatshalwa ukusekela imisebenzi yokuzivikela ye-XNUMXth Air Fleet. Umyalo waseJalimane wayethemba ukuthi ngala mabutho izobamba ingxenye ye-Ukraine ezandleni zayo, futhi iphinde ihlanganise izinkomba eziya eningizimu yePoland naseCzechoslovakia, okwakubaluleke kakhulu kwezomnotho namasu.
Njengoba ehlulwe ebhange elingakwesokudla e-Ukraine futhi elindele "amagalelo kaStalinist" amasha, amaJalimane aqinise futhi athuthukisa izikhundla zawo zokuzivikela, ikakhulukazi endaweni yaseLvov. Kuyo kwadalwa imigqa emithathu yokuzivikela, kodwa ngaphambi kokuqala kokuhlasela kwamasosha aseSoviet, kwakulungiselelwe ababili kuphela, okwenza umugqa wokuzivikela wokuzivikela. Izigaba ezinhlanu zamathangi, izigaba ezine ezinezimoto kanye nezintathu zamasosha asetshenziswa endaweni ebekiwe nabaphathi bamabutho kanye ne-GA "Northern Ukraine".
Ukusebenza kwe-Lvov
I-1st yase-Ukraine Front yayihlanganisa: onogada bokuqala, be-1 kanye ne-3, amabutho e-5, e-13, angu-18 nama-38, onogada bokuqala nowesithathu kanye namabutho ethangi yesine, ibutho lomoya lesibili, onogada besine, amabutho amathangi angama-60 kanye nama-1, onogada bamahhashi bokuqala nowesi-3. izidumbu. Corps, kanye neCzechoslovak 4st Army Corps. Ingaphambili lalihlanganisa izigaba ezingu-2 zamasosha, izigaba ezi-4 zabagibeli bamahhashi, izigaba ezi-25 zezikhali, isigaba esisodwa se-artillery se-Guardian (iziqhumane ze-artillery rocket), izinhlaka ezi-31 ezenziwe ngomshini, izindikimba zamathangi angu-1, ama-brigade ahlomile angu-6 ahlukene, ama-tank regiments angu-1 ahlukene kanye ne-self-self. izibhamu eziqhunyiswayo. - amasosha nezikhulu ezibalelwa ezigidini eziyi-74, izibhamu nezinsimbi eziyi-6, iziqhumane zamarokhethi eziyi-4, amathangi ayi-1 kanye nezibhamu ezizishayelayo ezingama-3, izindiza zokulwa eziyi-7. Bekuyiqembu elikhulu kunawo wonke akhiwe kuze kube manje.
Ikholomu yamasosha ebutho laseHungary idlula imoto yomphathi we-GA "Northern Ukraine" Field Marshal Walter Model.
Ngokuphathelene nokusebenza okulindelekile, uMkhuzi Ophakeme wabamba umhlangano okhethekile e-Kremlin ngoJuni 23, lapho uKonev abika khona ngesinqumo sakhe sokuqalisa iziteleka ezimbili: eziqondisweni zeLvov neRavsko-Rusyn. Lokhu kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuhlukanisa iqembu ukulwa GA "Northern Ukraine", azungeze futhi abhubhise isitha endaweni Brody. Lolu hlelo lwabangela ukubhuka okuvela kuStalin, owakubheka njengento engenamsebenzi ukuhlakaza amandla ezindaweni eziyinhloko. "Umphathi" wayala ukuba ashaye igalelo elilodwa - eLvov, etshala wonke amandla akhe nezindlela zakhe kuwo.
Ihhashi lachwaza, liphikisa ngokuthi ukuteleka ohlangothini olulodwa kuzovumela isitha ukuthi siqondise amayunithi amaqhinga nawezimoto endaweni ebekiwe futhi sigxilise zonke izindiza endaweni eyodwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlaselwa kwelinye lamaqembu eziteleka emkhakheni oqiniswe kakhulu ngeke kuholele ekuphumeleleni kwezokuvikela, kodwa ekuphumeleleni okunenkani kwemigqa yokuzivikela elandelanayo futhi ngeke kudale amandla amakhulu okusebenza. Ekugcineni, umkhuzi wamasosha wavikela umbono wakhe. NgoJuni 24, uStalin wagunyaza uhlelo lokusebenza oluhlongozwe yi-front, kodwa ekuhlukaniseni wathi: Khumbula, Konev, ukuthi ukuhlinzwa kufanele kuhambe kahle futhi ulethe umphumela olindelekile.
Umsebenzi wangaphambili wawuwukuthi: ukudabula i-GA "eNyakatho ye-Ukraine", ukuqedela ukukhululwa kwe-Ukraine futhi udlulisele ubutha endaweni yasePoland. Lo msebenzi wenziwa ngokubambisana namasosha e-1st Belorussian Front eqhubekela phambili eLublin. Bekufanele ishaye amagalelo amabili anamandla ophikweni lwesokudla naphakathi bese ihlephula iphambili ibe izingxenye ezimbili, iqhelelene ngamakhilomitha angama-60-70. Eyokuqala kwakufanele yenziwe endaweni esentshonalanga yeLutsk ibheke eSokal naseRava Russkaya, eyesibili - ukusuka esifundeni saseTarnopol kuya eLvov, nomsebenzi wokunqoba iqembu lamaJalimane iLvov, lithumba iLvov nenqaba yasePrzemysl.
Ibutho lesiteleka elisendleleni yaseLutsk lalihlanganisa: Ibutho Lesithathu Labalindi baseGordov Vasily Grigorievich, Ibutho Le-3 LikaLieutenant General Nikolai Pavlovich Pukhov, Ibutho Lokuqala Labalindi Bamasosha kaColonel General Katukov M.E., Iqembu Lamahhashi Amahhashi (elihlanganisa i-13th Tank Corps). kanye ne-1st Guards Cavalry Corps) ngaphansi komyalo kaLieutenant General Viktor Baranov. Lokhu kuhlasela kwasekelwa izinhlaka ezine zezindiza ze-25nd Air Army.
"Isibhakela" okwakufanele sishaye ngasohlangothini lwaseLvov sasihlanganisa: Ibutho Lama-60 likaColonel General Pavel A. Kurochkin, Ibutho Lama-38 likaColonel General Kirill Sergeevich Moskalenok, I-3rd Guards Tank Army kaColonel General Pavel Rybalka, Ibutho lesi-4: Ibutho Lethangi likaLieutenant General Dmitry Lkhatenko, IQembu LamaCavalry Mechanized likaLieutenant General Sergei Sokolov elihlanganisa: 31st Tank Corps kanye 6th Guards Cavalry Corps. Ukwesekwa komoya kwahlinzekwa yizisebenzi zomoya ezinhlanu.
Embuthweni wesiteleka owawuqhubekela phambili eLutsk, kwakufanele kugxilwe ekuhlukaniseni izibhamu ezingu-12, izinhlaka ezimbili zamathangi, oyedwa owenziwe ngomshini noyedwa wamahhashi, izigaba ezimbili zezikhali zokuphumelela - izibhamu ezingu-14 nodaka, amathangi angu-3250 nezibhamu ezizishayelayo. izibhamu ezizishayelayo, izindiza eziyi-717. Esigabeni esingamakhilomitha angu-1300 eLvov, izigaba ezingu-14 zezingane, amathangi amane, izibhamu ezimbili ezinomshini kanye neyodwa yamahhashi, kanye nezigaba ezimbili zokudubula - izibhamu ezingu-15 nodaka, amathangi angu-3775 nezibhamu ezizishayelayo, izindiza ze-1084 kwakufanele zishaye. .
Ngosuku lwesihlanu lokusebenza, i-3rd Guards kanye ne-4th Tank Armies, ekuhlaselweni okujulile kwe-flank eningizimu nasenyakatho yeLvov, yafika emgqeni we-Nemirov-Yavorov, ebangeni elide entshonalanga yedolobha.
Ngakwesobunxele ngaphambili, emagqumeni aseCarpathians, amabutho e-1st Guards Army, uColonel General Andrei Grechka kanye ne-18th Army, uLieutenant General Yevgeny Petrovich Zhuravlev. Isebenzisa impumelelo yomakhelwane bayo, ibutho lamaGrikhi, selidale iqembu lesiteleka lezigaba ezinhlanu zezingane kanye ne-4th Guards Tank Corps, kwakufanele liqhubeke nokuhlasela, libambe ibhuloho esifundeni saseGalich, ngaleyo ndlela lihlanganise izenzo amasosha abheke eLvov. Ibutho leZhuravlev, elisebenza eningizimu ye-Dniester, lalinomsebenzi wokubamba imingcele egcwele futhi lilungele ukuhlasela ohlangothini lwaseStanislavov.
Ngaphambilini kwakukhona i-5th Guards Army (izigaba eziyisishiyagalolunye) zikaColonel-General Alexei Sergeevich Zhadov, osuswe ku-2nd Ukraine Front, kanye ne-47th Rifle Corps ngomyalo weNdlunkulu ye-Supreme High Command.
Ngemva kokuqalisa ukuhlasela, amaqembu eziteleka kwakufanele anqobe amabutho ezitha ezinkulu, futhi ingxenye yamabutho awo kwakufanele enze umzila wokuzungeza lapho ehlangana khona futhi abhubhise ukwakheka kwamaJalimane endaweni yaseBrody. Khona-ke babezothatha idolobha, bathuthukise iLvov ecasulayo futhi badlule enyakatho naseningizimu-ntshonalanga. Ngosuku lwesihlanu lokusebenza, kwakuhlelwe ukuthi kufinyelele emngceleni: Hrubieszow - Tomaszow - Nemirov - Yavoruw - Radlów. Esigabeni sesibili sokusebenza, isiteleka sidluliselwe ohlangothini lwe-Sandomierz ukuze kuphoqwe i-Vistula futhi kwakhiwe indawo yokusebenza enkulu eduze kwaseSandomierz. Eqinisweni, ukuhlelwa kokuzungeza kwakuhlotshaniswa nobunzima obuphawulekayo, kusukela phambili emgqeni wokuthunyelwa kwamaqembu okuthuthumela anwetshwe ngendlela eqondile, ngaphandle kokugoba.
NgoJulayi 10, iNdlunkulu yagcina iluvumile uhlelo lokusebenza. Kwaphinde kwakhishwa umyalo wokuthi kusetshenziswe amabutho ahlomile kanye neqembu labagibeli bamahhashi abanomshini ukuze babhodloze ukuzivikela, futhi kwavezwa ukungabaza mayelana nokwenzeka kokuwela le ndawo ngezinyawo ngesivinini esingamakhilomitha angu-35 ngosuku, njengoba uKonev enqume. Umkhuzi wangaphambili waphoqeleka ukuba avume futhi enze izinguquko ohlelweni lokusetshenziswa kwamabutho ahlomile: manje base bezolethwa empini ngosuku lwesibili lomsebenzi ngemva kokuba amabutho ezikhali ahlangene ephule indawo yokuzivikela yesitha.
Ukuze kufihlwe ukulungiswa komsebenzi, indlunkulu yangaphambili yakha uhlelo lokufihla okusebenzayo, oluhlinzekela ukulingisa ukuhlushwa kwamabutho amabili kanye ne-tank corps ohlangothini lwesobunxele lwangaphambili, emaqenjini e-1st Guards Army kanye ne- Ibutho le-18. Ngakho-ke, ukulingiswa okukhulu kokuthuthwa kwezitimela zamathangi nezibhamu ezizishayelayo kwaqala, izindawo zokuthulula amaqembu ahlomile zalingiswa, izindlela zokumasha kwazo eziya ezindaweni zokuhlushwa zavezwa, futhi kwaqhutshwa izincwadi ezijulile emoyeni. Inani elikhulu lamamodeli amathangi, izimoto, izikhali nezinye izinto zokusebenza zavezwa ezindaweni zomgunyathi. Izinkundla zezindiza ezingelona iqiniso ezihlekisa ngezindiza bezimbozwe ngokhiye bomsebenzi wabalwi ukugcizelela ubuqiniso bazo. Amaqembu okuhlola amisa ezindaweni eziningi, ekhetha izindawo zokuhlala "indlunkulu namasosha afikayo."
Amathangi aseHungary nawaseJalimane ane-PzKpfw VI Ausf. E Tiger; IWestern Ukraine, ngoJulayi 1944
Naphezu kokusetshenziswa kwezindlela eziqinile zokuzifihla, kwakungenakwenzeka ukukhohlisa ngokuphelele isitha. AmaJalimane ayelindele ukuqhubekela phambili kwamasosha e-1st Ukraine Front, ikakhulukazi ebheke eLviv, lapho kwafakwa khona izindawo zokugcina zokusebenza - i-1st Panzer Corps (i-8th and 20th Panzer Divisions kanye ne-1st Motorized Division) kaGeneral Herman Breit. Bahlonze isimo nokwakheka kwamabutho ezikhali ahlanganisiwe, banquma izikhombisi-ndlela zeziteleka ezizayo, nezinyathelo zokuphikisa ezihleliwe, ikakhulukazi ukuhoxa emgqeni wesibili wokuzivikela engxenyeni enkulu yangaphambili. Umkhuzi we-160th Panzer Army, u-General Erhard Raus, ukhumbula ukuthi wayazi ngokunemba okwanele isiqondiso sokuhlasela okukhulu kwe-Rusyn, lapho ama-sappers akhe abeka khona abantu abangu-200 XNUMX. izimayini ezilwa nabasebenzi kanye nezimayini ezingama-anti-tank eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-XNUMX. Ukuhoxa okucashile, ukumelana nenkani ekujuleni, ukuhlasela ngaphandle kokulibala kusetshenziswa ukwakheka kwesivinini esikhulu - ayenjalo amaqhinga okuzivikela eJalimane. Isikhathi kuphela esasingaziwa, ujenene wahoxisa amabutho akhe ohlwini lokuqala lwezokuvikela ubusuku obuthathu ngokulandelana, wabe esewayala ukuba abuyele kulayini owawuhlalwe ngaphambili. Yiqiniso, bahlulekile ukubona ukuthunyelwa kabusha kwebutho lethangi likaKatukov eningizimu yeLutsk.
