I-gearbox ye-Powershift

Kuzo zonke izimoto zesimanje ezikhiqiza u-gearbox udlala indima ebalulekile. Kunezinhlobo ezi-3 eziyinhloko zokudluliswa: ukudluliswa kwe-manual (umshini), ukudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo (okuzenzakalelayo) kanye nokudluliselwa kwe-manual (robotic). Uhlobo lokugcina yibhokisi le-Powershift.

I-Powershift.

Yini i-powershift

I-Powershift iyi-robotic gearbox enama-clutch ama-2, ahlinzekwa ngokuhlukahluka okuhlukahlukene kumafekthri abakhiqizi bezimoto abahamba phambili emhlabeni.

Inezinhlobo ezi-2 zikabhasikidi we-clutch:

1. I-WD (I-Wet Dual Clutch) - ibhokisi elilawulwa ngamanzi, i-clutch emanzi. Isetshenziswa ezimotweni ezinezinjini ezinamandla.
2. I-DD (I-Dry Dual Clutch) - ibhokisi eline-electronic-hydraulic control, i-clutch yohlobo "eyomile". Lawa mabhokisi asebenzisa uketshezi lokudlulisela oluphindwe izikhathi ezingu-4 uma kuqhathaniswa ne-WD. Zifakwa ezimotweni ezinezinjini zamandla amancane naphakathi.

Umlando wendalo

Ekuqaleni kwawo-80s. Abakhi bezimoto ze-Porsche racing banikezwe umsebenzi wokunciphisa isikhathi sokuphumula lapho beshintsha ukuhambisa okwenziwa ngesandla. Ukusebenza kahle kokudluliselwa okuzenzakalelayo kwangaleso sikhathi emjahweni kwakuphansi, ngakho inkampani yaqala ukuthuthukisa isixazululo sayo.

Imoto yePorsche.

Ngo-1982, emijahweni yaseLe Mans, izindawo zokuqala ezi-3 zathathwa yizimoto zePorsche 956.

Ngo-1983, lo modeli, owokuqala emhlabeni, wawufakwe umshini wokuhambisa onama-clutch amabili. Abasebenzi bathathe izindawo zokuqala eziyisi-2 emjahweni weLe Mans.

Naphezu kwemvelo yenguquko yombono, izinga lokuthuthukiswa kwe-electronics ngaleyo minyaka alizange livumele lokhu kudluliselwa ukuba kungene ngokushesha emakethe yezimoto zokukhiqiza.

Udaba lokusebenzisa lo mqondo lwabuya ngeminyaka yawo-2000. Izinkampani ezi-3 ngesikhathi esisodwa. I-Porsche ikhiphe ukuthuthukiswa kwe-PDK (Porsche Doppelkupplung) yayo ku-ZF. I-Volkswagen Group yaphendukela kumkhiqizi waseMelika u-BorgWarner nge-DSG (Direkt Schalt Getriebe).

AbakwaFord nabanye abakhiqizi bezimoto batshale imali ekuthuthukisweni kwama-automakers yiGetrag. Eyokugcina yethula ngo-2008 ukukhetha kwangaphambili "okumanzi" - i-6-speed Powershift 6DCT450.

Ford

Ngo-2010, umhlanganyeli wephrojekthi, inkampani ye-LuK, wethula inguqulo ehlangene - ibhokisi "elomile" 6DCT250.

Yiziphi izimoto ezitholakala kuzo

Inkomba yenguqulo ye-Powershift imele:

• 6 - 6-speed (inani eliphelele lamagiya);
• D - kabili (kabili);
• C - bamba (clutch);
• T - transmission (gearbox), L - ilungiselelo longitudinal;
• 250 - i-torque ephezulu, Nm.

Amamodeli Ayinhloko:

• I-DD 6DCT250 (PS250) - ye-Renault (Megane, Kangoo, Laguna) ne-Ford kuze kufike ku-2,0 L (Focus 3, C-Max, Fusion, Transit Connect);
• I-WD 6DCT450 (DPS6/MPS6) — ku-Chrysler, Volvo, Ford, Renault kanye neLand Rover;
• I-WD 6DCT470 - yeMitsubishi Lancer, Galant, Outlander, njll.;
• I-DD C635DDCT - yamamodeli angaphansi kwe-Dodge, i-Alfa Romeo ne-Fiat;
• I-WD 7DCL600 - yamamodeli e-BMW ane-ICE longitudinal (BMW 3 Series L6 3.0L, V8 4.0L, BMW 5 Series V8 4.4L, BMW Z4 Roadster L6 3.0L);
• I-WD 7DCL750 — kwaFord GT, Ferrari 458/488, California kanye neF12, Mercedes-Benz SLS kanye neMercedes-AMG GT.

Idivayisi ye-Powershift

Ngomgomo wokusebenza kwayo, ibhokisi le-Powershift lifana kakhulu nokuhanjiswa okwenziwa ngesandla, nakuba ngokwemibandela libhekisela ekudluliseni okuzenzakalelayo.

transmission manual.

Isebenza kanjani

Amagiya egiya lamanje nalandelayo asebenza kanyekanye. Uma ushintsha, i-clutch yegiya lamanje ivuleka ngesikhathi esilandelayo sixhunyiwe.

Inqubo ayizwakali kumshayeli. Ukugeleza kwamandla ukusuka ebhokisini ukuya emasondweni okushayela cishe akuphazamiseki. Ayikho i-clutch pedal, ukulawula kwenziwa yi-ECU eneqembu lezinqubo nezinzwa. Ukuxhumana phakathi kwesikhethi ku-cabin kanye ne-gearbox ngokwayo kwenziwa ngekhebula elikhethekile.

Bamba kabili

Ngobuchwepheshe, lezi zindlela ezi-2 zokudluliswa kwezandla ezihlanganiswe emzimbeni owodwa, olawulwa yi-ECU. Umklamo uhlanganisa amagiya okushayela angu-2, ngalinye lizungeza ne-clutch yalo, elibhekele amagiya alinganayo nangavamile. Enkabeni yesakhiwo kukhona shaft eyinhloko enezingxenye ezimbili. Ngisho namagiya kanye namagiya abuyela emuva akhanyisa kusukela engxenyeni engaphandle engenalutho ye-shaft, okungajwayelekile - ukusuka eksisi emaphakathi.

UGetrag uthi amasistimu okudlulisa ama-dual-clutch ayikusasa. Ngo-2020, inkampani ihlela ukukhiqiza okungenani u-59% wawo wonke ama-gearbox ayo.

Bamba.

Izinkinga Zokudlulisa Okujwayelekile

Ukuze ungalethi ukuthunyelwa kwe-Powershift manual ekusebenzeni okungalungile futhi, ngokufanele, ukulungiswa okukhulu, ngesikhathi sokusebenza, kufanele kunakwe izimpawu ezilandelayo:

1. Uma isuka endaweni, imoto iyanyakaza, uma ishintsha amagiya, kuzwakala ukushaqeka, kanjalo nalapho ushayela esiminyaminya. Imbangela yokungasebenzi kahle kwe-clutch control actuator.
2. Ukushintshela ekudluliselweni okulandelayo kwenzeka ngokubambezeleka.
3. Awekho amandla okushintsha noma yikuphi ukuthunyelwa, kunomsindo ongaphandle.
4. Ukusebenza kokudlulisela kuhambisana nokudlidliza okwandisiwe. Lokhu kubonisa ukugqoka kwamagiya ama-shafts nama-synchronizers webhokisi.
5. U-gearbox uzishintshela ku-N mode, isibonisi esingasebenzi kahle sikhanyisa ku-instrument panel, imoto inqaba ukushayela ngaphandle kokuyiqala kabusha injini. Imbangela yesimo esiphuthumayo, cishe, ukwehluleka kokuthwala ukukhululwa.
6. Kunogearbox ovuza uwoyela. Lokhu kuwubufakazi bokugqoka noma ukungahambi kahle kwezimpawu zamafutha, okuholela ekwehleni kwezinga likawoyela.
7. Isibonisi sephutha sikhanyisa kuphaneli yezinsimbi.
8. I-clutch iyashelela. Uma ijubane lenjini linyuswa, isivinini semoto asikhundi ngendlela efanele. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho ama-clutch disc ehluleka noma uwoyela ungena kudiski kumaclutch e-DD.

Izimbangela zezinkinga ezisohlwini zingaphinda zibe ukulimala kwamagiya, izimfoloko, amaphutha e-ECU, njll. Ukungasebenzi ngakunye kufanele kuxilongelwe ngokomsebenzi futhi kulungiswe.

Ukulungisa i-Powershift

U-gearbox we-Powershift, owakhiwe phezu komgomo wokushintshwa ngesandla, ungakhandwa cishe kunoma iyiphi insiza yemoto. Isistimu inesistimu yokuqapha ukugqokwa okuzenzakalelayo.

Inkinga evame kakhulu wuphawu oluvuzayo.

I-Powershift.

Uma kwenzeka ukuqhuma kwamafoloko e-shift, kuyadingeka ukufaka esikhundleni somhlangano womhlangano, kanye nezimpawu.

Nakuba izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi, njengamabhodi wesekethe namamotho okulawula, zilungiseka, umenzi uncoma ukushintshwa kwazo futhi, ezimotweni zewaranti, unikeza ukushintshwa okuphelele.

Ngemuva kokulungiswa, ukuhanjiswa okwenziwa ngesandla kufanele kushintshwe. Kukhona okuhlukile emotweni entsha kanye nemoto enamamayela. Kumamodeli amaningi, lokhu kungukulinganisa:

• inzwa yendawo yesikhethi segiya;
• indlela yokushintsha;
• amasistimu wokubamba.

Ukulinganisa kuphela kwenzwa yokuma kwesikhethi segiya okungabizwa ngokuthi yi-classical. Ezinye izinqubo ezi-2 zibandakanya ukufunda i-ECU ngaphandle kokukhanyisa kwesofthiwe, phakathi nezimo zokushayela ezikhethekile.

Izinzuzo nezingozi nebubi

Ushintsho lwamagiya luyashesha. I-acceleration dynamics ngenxa ye-Powershift traction eqhubekayo idlula ukusebenza kwamanye ama-gearbox. Ukungabikho kokwehluleka kwamandla kunomphumela omuhle ekunethezekeni kokushayela, konga uphethiloli (ngisho uma kuqhathaniswa nokuhanjiswa okwenziwa ngesandla).

Isistimu ngokwayo ilula futhi ishibhile ukwenza kunokuthunyelwa okuzenzakalelayo okuzenzakalelayo, njengoba kungekho giya leplanethi, isiguquli se-torque, ama-clutches aphikisanayo. Ukulungiswa kwemishini kwala mabhokisi kulula kunokulungisa umshini wakudala. Ngokusebenza kahle, i-clutch ihlala isikhathi eside kune-transmission manual, ngoba izinqubo zilawulwa yi-electronics eqondile, hhayi nge-clutch pedal.

Kodwa izinto zikagesi nazo zingabalelwa ebunzimeni be-Powershift. Ingaphansi kokwehluleka kanye nemithelela yangaphandle kakhulu kunomshini. Isibonelo, uma isivikelo se-pan kawoyela silahlekile noma sonakalisiwe, ukungcola nomswakama, uma kungena ngaphakathi kweyunithi, kuzoholela ekuhlulekeni kwamasekethe e-ECU.

Ngisho ne-firmware esemthethweni ingaholela ekungasebenzi kahle.

I-Powershift transmission manual ihlinzeka ngokushintsha kusuka kwimodi ezenzakalelayo iye kumodi yezandla (Khetha u-Shift) futhi ngokuphambene nalokho. Umshayeli angakwazi uku-upshift kanye ne-downshift ekuhambeni. Kodwa ukuthola ukulawula okugcwele endaweni yokuhlola namanje akusebenzi. Lapho isivinini kanye nesivinini injini ziphezulu, futhi ufuna ukwehla, isibonelo, kusukela 5 kuya 3 ngokushesha, ECU ngeke avumele shift ukuba kwenzeke futhi izoshintsha igiye ezifanele kakhulu.

Lesi sici sethulwa ukuze kuvikelwe ukudluliselwa, njengoba ukwehla ngezinyathelo ezi-2 kungaholela ekwenyukeni okubukhali kwe-rpm ngaphambi kokunqanyulwa. Isikhathi sokushintsha kwejubane sizohambisana nokushaywa, umthwalo oweqile. Ukufakwa kwegiya elithile kuzokwenzeka kuphela uma ububanzi bokuguquguquka okuvumelekile kanye nesivinini semoto esibekwe ku-ECU sivumela lokhu.

Indlela yokwelula impilo yesevisi

Ukwandisa impilo ye-Powershift, le mithetho elandelayo kufanele igcinwe:

1. Amafutha asebhokisini kufanele ashintshwe kulelo elishiwo umenzi, njengoba noma yikuphi ukuchezuka kuholela ekungalumbeni kahle ekusebenzeni kwe-automation.
2. Uma usebenzisa umshini ozishintshayo, akunconywa ukushayela ungekho emgwaqeni, ukhiphe igesi kabusha, udonse noma yini ku-trailer, ukushelela, noma ukushayela uqine.
3. Endaweni yokupaka, kufanele uqale ushintshe isikhethi endaweni engu-N, ukhiphe ibhuleki lesandla ngenkathi ubambe i-pedal yebhuleki, bese ushintshela kumodi engu-P. Le algorithm izonciphisa umthwalo ekudluliseni.
4. Ngaphambi kohambo, kuyadingeka ukufudumala imoto, ngoba i-gearbox ifudumala kanye nenjini. Kungcono ukushayela i-10 km yokuqala yendlela ngendlela ethambile.
5. Kungenzeka ukudonsa imoto enephutha kuphela uma isikhethi sisesimweni sika-N. Kunconywa ukugcina umkhawulo wejubane ongekho ngaphezu kuka-20 km / h ngebanga elingafika ku-20 km.

Ngokuphathwa ngokucophelela, insiza yokusebenza ifinyelela ku-400000 km kuyo yonke impilo yesevisi ye-gearbox.