Lonke ulwazi mayelana Dsg gearbox
Okuqukethwe
Ezimotweni zokukhathazeka kweVolkswagen, kusetshenziswa ibhokisi le-robotic DSG, kodwa akubona bonke abanikazi abaqondayo ukuthi kuyini nokuthi bawusingatha kanjani umhlangano. Ngaphambi kokuthenga imoto, umshisekeli wemoto udinga ukuzijwayeza ngomklamo we-preselective transmission, othatha indawo yamayunithi wemishini yakudala. Ukuthembeka kwe-DSG "yerobhothi" kuncike ngokuqondile ezindleleni zokusebenza.
Yini i-DSG
Isifinyezo esithi DSG simelela okuthi Direkt Schalt Getriebe, noma i-Direct Shift Gearbox. Idizayini yeyunithi isebenzisa ama-shafts angu-2, inikeza imigqa yesivinini esilinganayo nesingavamile. Ukushintsha amagiya abushelelezi futhi asheshayo, ama-clutch ama-2 azimele asetshenziswayo. Umklamo usekela ukusheshisa okuguquguqukayo komshini ngenkathi uthuthukisa ukunethezeka kokushayela. Ukwenyuka kwezinyathelo ku-gearbox kukuvumela ukuthi usebenzise kahle amandla enjini evuthayo yangaphakathi ngenkathi unciphisa ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli.
Umlando wendalo
Umqondo wokudala amabhokisi e-gearbox ngokukhetha kwesiteji sokuqala uvele ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule, u-Adolf Kegress waba umbhali womklamo. Ngo-1940, kwavela i-gearbox ye-4-speed eyakhiwe unjiniyela u-Rudolf Frank, esebenzisa i-clutch ephindwe kabili. Ukuklanywa kweyunithi kwenza kwaba nokwenzeka ukushintsha izigaba ngaphandle kokunqamula ukugeleza kwamandla, okwakudingeka kakhulu emakethe yezimpahla zokuthengisa. Umklami uthole ilungelo lobunikazi lokusungulwa kwakhe, ama-prototypes enzelwe ukuhlolwa.
Ekupheleni kweminyaka yama-70s. idizayini efanayo yahlongozwa ngabakwaPorsche, abathuthukise iphrojekthi yemoto yomjaho i-962C. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ibhokisi elifanayo eline-clutch eyomile kabili lisetshenziswe ezimotweni ze-Audi rally. Kodwa ukwethulwa okwengeziwe kwamayunithi kwaphazanyiswa ukushoda kwezinto zikagesi ezikwazi ukulawula ukusebenza kwama-clutch kanye nokushintshwa kwamagiya.
Ukufika kwezilawuli ezihlangene kuholele ekuthuthukisweni kokudluliswa kwe-clutch ekabili yemishini ephakathi nendawo. Inguqulo yokuqala yebhokisi le-DSG lakudala elinama-clutch angu-2 yethulwa ekukhiqizeni ngobuningi ekupheleni kuka-2002. U-Borg Warner no-Temic, abahlinzeka nge-clutch, ama-hydraulics kanye nokulawula i-electronics, babambe iqhaza ekudaleni umhlangano. Amayunithi anikeze isivinini esi-6 esiya phambili futhi afakwe i-clutch emanzi. Umkhiqizo uthole inkomba yemboni ye-DQ250 futhi wavumela ukudluliswa kwe-torque kufika ku-350 N.m.
Kamuva, kwavela uhlobo olomile lwe-7-speed DQ200, eyenzelwe izinjini ezine-torque efinyelela ku-250 N.m. Ngokunciphisa umthamo we-oyela sump kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamadrayivu ahlangene, ubukhulu nesisindo sokudlulisa kuye kwancishiswa. Ngo-2009, kwethulwa u-gearbox wohlobo olumanzi lwe-DQ500 othuthukisiwe, walungiselwa ukusetshenziswa emishinini enangaphambili noma wonke amasondo.
Kanjani lo msebenzi
Ibhokisi le-DSG liqukethe ingxenye yomshini kanye neyunithi ehlukile ye-mechatronics enikeza ukukhetha kwezivinini. Umgomo wokusebenza kokudlulisela usekelwe ekusetshenzisweni kwama-clutch angu-2, okuvumela ukuthi uguqule kahle noma uhlehlise igiya. Ngesikhathi sokushintsha, i-clutch yokuqala iyanqanyulwa futhi iyunithi yesibili ye-clutch ivaliwe kanyekanye, okuqeda ukulayisha ukushaqeka.
Ekwakhiweni kwemojuli yemishini, kunamabhulokhi angu-2 aqinisekisa ukusebenza kwenani elilinganayo neliyinqaba lesivinini. Ngesikhathi sokuqala, ibhokisi lihlanganisa izinyathelo ezi-2 zokuqala, kodwa i-overdrive clutch ivuliwe.
Isilawuli se-elekthronikhi sithola ulwazi kuzinzwa zokuzungezisa, bese sishintsha isivinini (ngokohlelo olunikeziwe). Kulokhu, kusetshenziswa ama-couplings ajwayelekile nama-synchronizers, izimfoloko ziqhutshwa ngamasilinda e-hydraulic atholakala kuyunithi ye-mechatronics.
I-crankshaft ye-motor ixhunywe ku-dual-mass flywheel, ehambisa i-torque ngoxhumano lwe-spline kuhabhu. Ihabhu ihlanganiswe ngokuqinile nediski ye-dual clutch drive, esabalalisa i-torque phakathi kwama-clutch.
Amagiya afanayo asetshenziswa ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwegiya lokuqala eliya phambili nangemuva, kanjalo namagiya angu-4 no-6 aya phambili. Ngenxa yalesi sici sokuklama, kwakungenzeka ukunciphisa ubude be-shafts kanye nomhlangano womhlangano.
Izinhlobo ze-DSG
I-VAG isebenzisa izinhlobo ezi-3 zamabhokisi ezimotweni:
- 6-speed uhlobo olumanzi (ikhodi yangaphakathi DQ250);
- 7-speed uhlobo olumanzi (ikhodi yomkhiqizi i-DQ500 ne-DL501, eyenzelwe ukukhweza okuphambene nobude, ngokulandelana);
- I-7-speed dry type (ikhodi DQ200).
I-DSG 6
Idizayini yebhokisi le-DSG 02E isebenzisa ama-clutch anamadiski asebenzayo azungeza kubhavu kawoyela. Uketshezi luhlinzeka ngokuncishiswa kokuguga kolayini bokungqubuzana nokwehla ngasikhathi sinye kwezinga lokushisa. Ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha kunomphumela omuhle esisetshenziswa seyunithi, kodwa ukuba khona koketshezi ku-crankcase kunciphisa ukusebenza kahle kokudluliselwa futhi kuholela ekwandeni kokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli. Indawo yokugcina uwoyela icishe ibe ngamalitha ayi-7, ingxenye engezansi yendlu yebhokisi legiya isetshenziselwa ukugcinwa (umklamo ufana nokuhanjiswa kwemishini).
Izici ezengeziwe ezifakwe ebhokisini lohlobo elomile:
- imodi yezemidlalo;
- ukushintsha ngesandla;
- Imodi ye-Hillholder, evumela ukuthi umise imoto ngokwandisa ingcindezi kumjikelezo we-clutch;
- ukwesekwa kokunyakaza ngesivinini esiphansi ngaphandle kokungenelela komshayeli;
- ukugcina ukuhamba kwemoto ngesikhathi sokusebenza okuphuthumayo.
I-DSG 7
Umehluko phakathi kwe-DQ200 nezinguqulo zangaphambilini zebhokisi kwakuwukusetshenziswa kwama-clutches ohlobo olomile kanye nezinhlelo zikawoyela ezihlukanisiwe ezingu-2 eziklanyelwe ukugcoba ingxenye yemishini yokudlulisela kanye nokusebenzisa amasekhethi e-hydraulic mechatronic. Uketshezi luhlinzekwa kuma-actuator e-mechatronic kusetshenziswa iphampu ehlukile eqhutshwa ngogesi, empompa uwoyela ethangini lokunikezela. Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-lubrication kanye nezinhlelo ze-hydraulic kwenza kwaba nokwenzeka ukunciphisa umphumela omubi wemikhiqizo yokugqoka kuma-solenoids.
Izinzwa zokulawula zihlanganiswe kwisilawuli sokulawula, okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukugwema ukufakwa kwe-wiring eyengeziwe. Ibhokisi lisekela zonke izindlela ezisetshenziswe kumayunithi esizukulwane sangaphambilini. Ama-Hydraulics ahlukaniswe izigaba ezi-2 ezinikeza amagiya alinganayo nangavamile.
Iyunithi ye-DQ500 ihlukile ku-DQ250 ngokubukeka kwegiya eliya phambili elengeziwe. Edivayisini yebhokisi, kusetshenziswa i-flywheel yedizayini eguquliwe, kanye nama-clutch aklanyelwe ukukhulisa i-torque. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-mechatronics ethuthukisiwe kwenza kwaba nokwenzeka ukusheshisa inqubo yokushintsha isivinini.
Yiziphi izimoto ezingatholakala
Ukuhanjiswa kwe-DSG kungatholakala ezimotweni zeVolkswagen, Skoda, Seat noma Audi. Inguqulo yokuqala yebhokisi le-DQ250 yasetshenziswa ezimotweni zakwaVolkswagen ezakhiwa ngemva kuka-2003. Inguqulo ye-DQ200 yayisetshenziswa ezimotweni ezifana neGolf noma iPolo. Ungakwazi ukunquma ubukhona bebhokisi le-DSG ngophawu olutholakala kusibambo sokushintsha.
Kodwa kusukela ngo-2015, ukukhathazeka kwe-Volkswagen kuye kwashiya izimpawu ezinjalo kuma-levers, uhlobo lokudlulisela kunqunywa ukubukeka kwebhokisi (eceleni kwe-crankcase kukhona iyunithi ye-mechatronics enesembozo sokuhlunga esiphumayo).
Izinkinga ezijwayelekile
Isixhumanisi esibuthakathaka ekwakhiweni kwamabhokisi yi-mechatronics, eshintsha ngokuphelele. Iyunithi ehlulekile ibuyiselwa kuma-workshops akhethekile noma efekthri. Ezinguqulweni zokuqala ze-gearbox yohlobo olumanzi, imikhiqizo yokugqoka yama-friction linings ingena oketshezini.
Isihlungi esinikezwe ekwakhiweni sivaleka ngezinhlayiya zokungcola; ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwesikhathi eside, iyunithi ayinikezi ukuhlanzwa kukawoyela. Uthuli olucolekile ludonselwa kuyunithi yokulawula amashifu, okubangela ukuguguleka kwamasilinda nama-solenoid.
Impilo ye-clutch emanzi ithintwa i-torque ye-motor. Impilo yesevisi ye-clutch ifinyelela ku-100 km, kodwa uma kusetshenziswa iyunithi yokulawula injini ehlelwe kabusha, i-mileage ngaphambi kokushintshwa iyancipha izikhathi ezingu-2-3. Izintambo ezomile zokungqubuzana ku-DSG7 zisebenza isilinganiso esingamakhilomitha angama-80-90 ayizinkulungwane, kodwa ukwandisa amandla ne-torque ngokukhanyisa isilawuli semoto kunciphisa insiza ngo-50%. Ubunkimbinkimbi bokushintsha izinto ezigugile buyafana, ukukhanda kuyadingeka ukukhipha u-gearbox emotweni.
Emabhokisini e-DQ500, kunenkinga ngokukhipha uwoyela ngembobo yokukhipha umoya. Ukuze kuqedwe ukukhubazeka, i-hose yokwandisa ifakwe kumshini wokuphefumula, oxhunywe esitsheni esincane sevolumu (isibonelo, endaweni yokugcina amanzi esuka ku-clutch cylinder evela ezimotweni zeVAZ). Umkhiqizi akakubheki njengokubalulekile isici.
Yini ephuka ebhokisini le-DSG
Ukwephulwa okuvamile kwama-gearbox we-DSG:
- Kumayunithi e-DQ200, iyunithi yokulawula ye-elekthronikhi ingase yehluleke. Isici sibonwa emabhokisini ochungechunge lwangaphambi kwesikhathi ngenxa yokungaphumeleli kwedizayini yamabhodi esekethe aphrintiwe lapho amathrekhi asuka khona. Kumamodeli e-DQ250, ukwehluleka kwesilawuli kuholela ekusebenzeni kwemodi ephuthumayo ngesikhathi sokuqala kwemoto, ngemuva kokucisha nokuqalisa kabusha iphutha liyanyamalala.
- Isetshenziswa ebhokisini elomile, iphampu kagesi isebenza kumasiginali avela kuzinzwa zokucindezela. Uma ukuqina kulahleka, isifunda asibambi ukucindezela, okuvusa ukusebenza okuqhubekayo kwepompo. Ukusebenza isikhathi eside kwenjini kubangela ukushisa ngokweqile kwama-windings noma ukuphuka kwethangi lokugcina.
- Ukushintsha amagiya, i-DQ200 yasebenzisa izimfoloko ezinebhola elihlangene, eliwa ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Ngo-2013, ibhokisi lenziwe lanamuhla, laphothula ukuklanywa kwamafoloko. Ukwandisa impilo yamafoloko esitayela esidala, kunconywa ukuthi ushintshe uwoyela wegiya engxenyeni yemishini njalo ngamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-50.
- Kumayunithi e-DQ250, ukuguga kwama-bearings kubhulokhi yomshini kungenzeka. Uma izingxenye zonakele, kuvela i-hum uma imoto ihamba, ehluka ngephimbo kuye ngesivinini. Umehluko owonakele uqala ukwenza umsindo lapho ujika imoto, kanye nangesikhathi sokusheshisa noma ukubhuleka. Imikhiqizo ye-Wear ingena emgodini we-mechatronics futhi ikhubaze ukuhlanganisa.
- Ukubonakala kwe-clang ngesikhathi sokuqala injini noma ngesikhathi sokungenzi lutho kubonisa ukubhujiswa kwesakhiwo se-fly-mass flywheel. Umhlangano awukwazi ukulungiswa futhi uthathelwa indawo ingxenye yokuqala.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=2&v=5QruA-7UeXI&feature=emb_logo
Izinzuzo nezingozi nebubi
Izinzuzo zokudluliswa kwe-DSG:
- ukuqinisekisa ukusheshisa okusheshayo ngenxa yesikhathi esifushane sokushintsha isivinini;
- ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kungakhathaliseki indlela yokushayela;
- ukushintshwa kwamagiya abushelelezi;
- amandla okulawula ngesandla;
- ukugcinwa kwezindlela ezengeziwe zokusebenza.
Ububi bezimoto ezine-DSG buhlanganisa ukukhuphuka kwezindleko uma kuqhathaniswa nama-analogue afakwe ugesi oshintshwayo. Ama-mechatronics afakwe emabhokisini ayahluleka ngenxa yokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa; ukuze ubuyisele ibhokisi endaweni yokusebenza, uzodinga ukufaka iyunithi entsha. Kumayunithi ohlobo olomile, ama-jerks aphawulwa lapho ushintsha isivinini sokuqala esingu-2, esingenakuqedwa.
I-DSG Transmission ayidalelwe ukushayela okunamandla ngoba ukushaqeka kubhubhisa amasondo amabili ezindizayo kanye nama-friction clutches.
Ingabe kufanelekile ukuthatha imoto nge-DSG
Uma umthengi edinga imoto ngaphandle kokugijima, ungakhetha ngokuphepha imodeli ngebhokisi le-DSG. Lapho uthenga imoto esetshenzisiwe, udinga ukuhlola isimo sobuchwepheshe seyunithi. Isici samabhokisi e-DSG yikhono lokwenza ukuxilongwa kwekhompyutha, okuzocacisa isimo se-node. Ukuhlola kwenziwa kusetshenziswa intambo exhunywe kubhulokhi yokuxilonga yomshini. Ukuze ubonise ulwazi, isofthiwe "VASYA-Diagnost" isetshenziswa.
