I-Cardan shaft: kuyini?
Ukudluliswa kwemoto kwenza umsebenzi obalulekile - idlulisela ukujikeleza kwe-crankshaft emasondweni.
Izinto eziyinhloko zokudlulisa:
- i-clutch - sikhulume ngayo kuVodi.su, ixhuma futhi inqamule i-gearbox kanye ne-flywheel ye-crankshaft;
- gearbox - ikuvumela ukuthi uguqule ukujikeleza okufanayo kwe-crankshaft ibe imodi ethile yokushayela;
- i-cardan noma i-cardan gear - esetshenziswa ezimotweni ezine-back or all-wheel drive, isebenzela ukudlulisa umfutho ku-axle yokushayela;
- umehluko - usabalalisa isikhathi sokuhamba phakathi kwamasondo okushayela;
- gearbox - ukwandisa noma ukunciphisa i-torque, inikeza isivinini esingaguquki.
Uma sithatha i-gearbox evamile, sizobona ama-shafts amathathu ekwakhiweni kwawo:
- okuyinhloko noma okuholayo - kuxhuma ibhokisi legiya ku-flywheel ngokusebenzisa i-clutch;
- eyesibili - exhunywe ngokuqinile ku-cardan, yiyona eyenzelwe ukudlulisa i-torque ku-cardan, futhi kusukela kuyo kakade kuya kumasondo okushayela;
- okuphakathi - ukudlulisa ukuzungezisa kusuka ku-shaft eyinhloko kuya kweyesibili.
Inhloso yomugqa wokushayela
Noma yimuphi umshayeli owayeshayela i-back-wheel drive noma imoto edonsa ngawo wonke amasondo, futhi ngisho nangaphezulu ku-GAZon noma i-ZIL-130, wabona i-cardan shaft - ipayipi elide elingenalutho elihlanganisa izingxenye ezimbili - elide nelifushane. axhunywe komunye nomunye ngokusekela okuphakathi nendawo kanye nesiphambano, okwenza ihinge. Ngaphambili nangemuva kwe-cardan, uyakwazi ukubona ama-flange okuxhumana okuqinile ne-axle yangemuva kanye ne-output shaft ephuma ku-gearbox.
Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-cardan akukhona nje ukudlulisa ukujikeleza kusuka ku-gearbox kuya ku-gearbox ye-axle yangemuva, kodwa futhi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi lo msebenzi udluliswa ngokuhambisana okuguquguqukayo kwamayunithi akhululiwe, noma, ngolimi olulula olulula, uxhumano oluqinile lwe-axle. amasondo okushayela ane-shaft ephumayo ye-gearbox inikezwa, kuyilapho ingavimbeli ukunyakaza okuzimele kwamasondo nokumiswa okuhlobene nomzimba.
Futhi, idivayisi yemoto injalo, ikakhulukazi uma kuziwa emalolini, ukuthi ibhokisi litholakala phezulu maqondana nobuso kunebhokisi le-axle yangemuva. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukudlulisa isikhathi sokunyakaza nge-engeli ethile, futhi ngenxa yedivayisi eshiwo ye-cardan, lokhu kungenzeka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenkathi ushayela, ifreyimu yemoto ingakhubazeka kancane - ngokoqobo ngamamilimitha, kodwa idivayisi ye-cardan ikuvumela ukuba ungazinaki lezi zinguquko ezincane.
Kuyafaneleka ukusho ukuthi igiya le-cardan lisetshenziswa hhayi kuphela ezimotweni ezidonsa ngawo wonke amasondo nezimoto ezingemuva, kodwa futhi zifakwe kuma-front-wheel drive. Yiqiniso, lapha kubizwa ngokuhlukile - SHRUS - amahinge ama-angular velocities alinganayo. Amajoyinti e-CV axhuma u-gearbox differential namahabhu amasondo angaphambili.
Ngokuvamile, isimiso sokudluliswa kwe-cardan sisetshenziselwa ezinye izinjongo:
- ukuqondisa kwekhadini eliphansi nangaphezulu;
- ukuxhuma ibhokisi le-junction ne-gearbox ye-axle ye-drive - ezimotweni ezingekho emgwaqeni ezine-plug-in-wheel drive, njenge-UAZ-469;
- ekususeni amandla enjini - ishafu yokususa amandla ephuma ku-gearbox kagandaganda isetshenziselwa ukuhambisa imishini ehlukahlukene yezolimo ngokusebenzisa i-cardan, isibonelo, izimba zamazambane noma izitsha zokutshala, ama-disc harrows, izimbewu, njalonjalo.
Idivayisi
Njengoba sekushiwo ngenhla, i-cardan shaft iqukethe amapayipi amabili angenalutho akhulunywe ngokuhlanganyela okujikelezayo. Ngaphambili kukhona i-spline roller ehambisana no-gearbox okhipha shaft usebenzisa i-adaptha.
Ekuhlanganeni kwezingxenye ezimbili ze-cardan, ngayinye yazo inemfoloko, futhi ixhunywe ngokusebenzisa isiphambano. Umkhawulo ngamunye wesiphambano unenaliti ethwele. Amafoloko afakwa kulawa ma-bearings futhi ngenxa yawo, ukudluliswa kokujikeleza kungenzeka kusuka ku-shaft eyodwa kuya kwenye lapho kwakhiwa i-engeli kusuka ku-15 kuya ku-35 degrees, kuye ngokuthi idivayisi. Nokho, ngemuva, i-cardan ifakwe ku-gearbox kusetshenziswa i-flange, efakwe kuma-bolts amane.
Indima ebalulekile idlalwa ukwesekwa okuphakathi, ngaphakathi lapho kukhona khona ibhola. Ukwesekwa kufakwe ngaphansi kwemoto, futhi ukuthwala kuvumela i-shaft ukuthi ijikeleze ngokukhululekile.
Njengoba sibona, idivayisi ilula kakhulu, ngokusekelwe kumgomo we-hinge. Nokho, onjiniyela kudingeka benze izibalo ezinembile ukuze zonke izici ezimisiwe zisebenze ngendlela elinganiselayo nehlangene.
Iyalayisha...
