Iliphi ibhethri ongalikhethela imoto?

Ibhethri (ibhethri - ibhethri) inhliziyo kagesi yezimoto zethu. Manje ngokusetshenziswa kwemishini ngamakhompiyutha, indima yayo iba nkulu kakhulu. Nokho, uma ukhumbula imisebenzi eyinhloko, kukhona ezintathu kuphela kubo:

1. Lapho ugesi ucishiwe, amandla kumasekhethi kagesi adingekayo emotweni, isibonelo, ikhompyutha esebhodini, i-alamu, iwashi, izilungiselelo (kokubili ideshibhodi ngisho nezihlalo, ngoba zilawulwa ugesi ezimotweni eziningi zangaphandle. ).
2. Injini iyaqala. Umsebenzi oyinhloko ukuthi ngaphandle kwebhethri ngeke uqale injini.
3. Ngaphansi kwemithwalo esindayo, lapho i-generator ingakwazi ukubhekana nayo, ibhethri ixhunyiwe futhi ilahle amandla aqoqwe kuwo (kodwa lokhu kwenzeka kuyaqabukela kakhulu), uma kuphela i-generator isivele iphelile.

Iliphi ibhethri ongalikhethela imoto?

Lapho ukhetha ibhethri, kufanele unake amaphuzu alandelayo:

1. Idethi yokukhiqiza nendawo yokubeka. Okokuqala, bheka ukuthi ibhethri lenziwe nini. Uma ibhethri ligcinwe isikhathi eside (izinyanga eziyisithupha noma ngaphezulu), kufanele ucabangisise ngaphambi kokulithenga. Uma ibhethri lingasebenzi, liyaphuma. Ebusika, amabhethri ngokuvamile agcinwa endaweni yokugcina izinto, futhi izindawo zokugcina izimpahla azivamile ukushisisa. Lokhu kuzophinde kuthinte kabi ukushajwa kwebhethri.
2. Umthamo webhethri. Umbono oyiphutha ovamile lapho ukhetha ibhethri ukuthi uma umthamo uphakeme, izohlala isikhathi eside. Lokhu akunjalo, njengoba i-alternator emotweni yakho ikhiqiza inani elithile lokuqala lamanje lebhethri elifakwe kuyo ngokuzenzakalelayo. Futhi uma ufaka ibhethri elikhulu, ijeneretha ngeke ikwazi ukuyishaja kuze kube sekugcineni. Futhi ngokuphambene nalokho, ngokufaka ibhethri yomthamo omncane, izothola inani elikhulayo lenkokhelo futhi izohluleka ngokushesha.

Umthamo kufanele ufane nenani elishiwo emiyalweni. Uma ufake impahla kagesi eyengeziwe emshinini wakho, ungase udinge umthamo owengeziwe. Kulesi simo, ngeke kube yinto engafaneleki ukubonisana nenkosi.

1. Ukuhlelwa kwetheminali. Kwamanye amabhethri, i-polarity yamatheminali ingashintshwa. Konke kuncike emotweni yakho, okuthi ebhethrini lasembonini ingaba ne-"plus" kwesokudla, kanye "nokukhipha" kwesokunxele. Ukuze ungagijimi ubuyele esitolo, hlola kusenesikhathi ukuthi indawo yamatheminali ebhethrini elisha ifana nemoto yakho.
2. Ubukhulu bebhethri. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi uma ibhethri elisha likhulu kunebhethri lasembonini, ngeke lingene endaweni elihlinzekiwe. Kwezinye izimo, kungase kungabi nezintambo ezanele zokuyixhuma. Ngaphambi kokuthenga, ungabi ubuvila futhi ulinganise izilinganiso nge-tape measure.

Yiziphi izinhlobo zamabhethri emoto akhona?

Wonke amabhethri ayizinhlobo ezintathu:

1. Ayinakekelo - lawa amabhethri anamapulaki avaliwe okugcwalisa i-electrolyte.
2. Ukunakekelwa okuphansi. Zihluke ngokuthi amapulaki okufaka i-electrolyte awavalwanga kuwo. Ububi bazo ukuthi badinga ukunakekelwa ngezikhathi ezithile: engeza i-electrolyte futhi uwashaje ngokugcwele kanye ngonyaka.
3. Isevisiwe (iyalungiseka). Lapho amapuleti efinyezwa ebhethri elinjalo, angashintshwa, kodwa njengoba amapuleti enamandla aphansi, lokhu kwenziwa ngokungavamile kakhulu. Isidingo salolu hlobo lwebhethri asisikhulu kakhulu.

Ukuze uhlukanise phakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zamabhethri, udinga ukubonisana nomthengisi, ngoba abakhiqizi ababonisi ukuthi ibhethri likusiphi isigaba.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwamabhethri aphinde ashajwe kwenzeka ikakhulukazi ngokubunjwa kwama-electrode, kanye nezinhlobo zama-electrolyte. Kunezinhlobo eziyisishiyagalombili zamabhethri emoto sezizonke:

• I-Antimony. Uma sikhuluma ngokufaneleka okungenamibandela, khona-ke lokhu kuyizindleko zabo eziphansi, ukuzithoba nokuphikisana nokukhishwa okujulile. Ukungalungi: ukuzikhulula okukhulu, ukuqala okuphansi okwamanje, impilo yesevisi emfushane (iminyaka engu-3-4 yokusetshenziswa okusebenzayo), ukwesaba ukugxusha nokuphenduka ubheke phansi.
• I-antimony ephansi. Izinzuzo ezingenakuphikwa yinani eliphansi kanye nezinga eliphansi lokuzikhipha ngesikhathi sokugcinwa, uma kuqhathaniswa nama-analogues e-antimony. Futhi azithobeki kakhulu kumapharamitha kagesi wemoto, ngakho-ke angasetshenziswa ezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zamanethiwekhi ebhodi - ukwehla kwamandla kagesi akukona neze okuyingozi kubo, ngokungafani namabhethri athuthuke kakhulu.
• i-calcium. Zinamandla amakhulu kanye nemisinga yokuqala enamandla. Enye inzuzo yazo yizinga lokuzikhipha, okuyi-70% ephansi kune-antimony ephansi. Ngakho-ke amabhethri e-calcium angagcinwa ngaphandle kokusetshenziselwa injongo yawo isikhathi eside. Ngokusetshenziswa okusebenzayo ebhodini lemoto, umkhiqizo onjalo awuphili iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-5-6. Phakathi kokushiyeka - besaba ukuphenduka futhi babekezelele kabi ukukhishwa okujulile. Uma izikhathi ezingu-3-4 zilahlekelwa amandla ngokuphelele, khona-ke amandla azokwehla ngo-80% futhi ngeke akwazi ukuwabuyisela. Eminingi yale mijikelezo yokukhipha egcwele izothumela ibhethri lemoto ku-scrap. Enye inkinga ukuzwela okuphezulu ekwehleni kwe-voltage.
• Ingxubevange. Hlanganisa izinzuzo zamabhethri e-antimony ne-calcium. Zidinga ukunakekelwa (ukugcwalisa ngamanzi acwengekile kuyadingeka njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha), kodwa akudingi ukunakekelwa okucophelela njengemikhiqizo ene-antimony. Ukumelana kahle nokukhishwa okujulile nokukhokhiswa ngokweqile. Amaconsi kagesi nawo awakonakali kuwo njengamabhethri e-calcium. Zithengiswa ngezindleko ezilinganiselwe kakhulu ezakhiweni zazo eziwusizo futhi zisebenza iminyaka emi-5.
• Ijeli. I-electrolyte isesimweni esifana nejeli, yingakho ingavuzi ngenxa yesimo sengqondo sokunganaki. Ijeli empeleni ayibilisi, okusho ukuthi okungaphakathi kuvikelwe ngokuthembekile ekushiseni ngokweqile nasekuchithekeni. Awesabi ukutsheka nokuzamazama, akhishwa kancane kancane futhi ashajwe ngokushesha, angakwazi ukumelana nemijikelezo eminingana yokushaja futhi ngeke wonakalise. Basebenza iminyaka engu-15. Ukungalungi - intengo, ukubekezelelana okungalungile kwesithwathwa, badinga ukukhokhiswa kusetshenziswa amadivaysi akhethekile ane-voltage ye-14,4-15 V, awakubekezeleli ukwehla kwe-voltage kanye nezifunda ezimfushane.
  
  Lena inguqulo ethuthukisiwe yebhethri yejeli. Azincikile kangako ku-voltage yokushaja, azizwela kakhulu kumasekhethi amafushane futhi zimelana nesimo sezulu esibandayo kangcono. Kodwa-ke, zibuthakathaka ngokwemibandela yokubekezelela imijikelezo yokushaja-yokukhipha, zibhekana nokubi kakhulu ngokukhishwa okujulile futhi zikhiphe ngokushesha lapho zigcinwe ngaphandle kwegridi. Impilo yesevisi yiminyaka eyi-10-15.
  
  Amabhethri ezimoto anjalo azibonakalise kahle ohambweni lwasemadolobheni amakhulu, lapho ngokuvamile kufanele ume emarobhothini futhi ume esiminyaminya. Bamelana kahle nokukhishwa okujulile, ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa izakhiwo eziwusizo ngenxa yokulahlekelwa yizindleko. Ngenxa yokuqina kwamandla aphezulu kanye nemisinga emihle yokuqala lapho kubanda noma kushisa, asebenza ngokuzinzile futhi awagqwali. Ibhethri le-EFB alidingi ukuseviswa ngesikhathi lisetshenziswa. Iyakwazi ngaphandle kobunzima kanye nokuwohloka kwezakhiwo ukuze ibekezelele imijikelezo eminingana yokukhipha imali.
• I-alkaline. Babekezelela kahle ukukhishwa okujulile futhi bazikhiphe kancane kancane. Ziyakwazi ukumelana nemvelo, ziye zanda ukumelana nokushajwa ngokweqile, futhi zibhekana kahle nesithwathwa. Inkinga enkulu ngamabhethri e-alkaline yilokho okubizwa ngokuthi "umphumela wememori", lapho, lapho ikhishwa kakhulu, ibhethri ingakwazi ukukhumbula umkhawulo wokukhipha futhi ngokuzayo izonikeza amandla kuphela kuze kufike kulo mngcele. Zisetshenziswa kakhulu emishinini ekhethekile.

Ungakhetha kanjani ibhethri elifanele lemoto yakho?

Khetha ibhethri lemoto ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zakho kuphela futhi ungajahi amandla. Umbandela oyinhloko wokukhetha izindleko kanye nobudlelwano bayo nekhwalithi yokusebenza. Okushibhile futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo izinketho ezibuthakathaka zikhona i-antimony accumulators. Ifanele imoto yasekhaya endala, engadingi ukunikezwa kwamandla kagesi. Kodwa ngisho ngenxa yezizathu zomnotho, ngisho nezindleko eziphansi ngeke zisindise i-antimony. Kungcono ukuthatha i-antimony ephansi inguqulo ezobe ibiza kancane, kodwa ngakolunye uhlangothi, kulula ukuyithola ekuthengisweni, futhi amanzi akuwo awabilisi ngokushesha, futhi impilo yesevisi yinde kakhulu.

I-calcium amamodeli abiza ngokuphindwe kabili kune-antimony. Umnikazi wemoto kudingeka aqinisekise ukuthi ibhethri alikhishwa ngokuphelele futhi aqaphele ukwehla kwe-voltage kungazelelwe. Lolu khetho lufanele iningi lemikhiqizo yesimanje, ngaphandle kwezimoto ze-premium "eziminza" ngokuphelele ngokwezinto zikagesi.

I-Hybrid amamodeli ngokwamanani nezakhiwo eziwusizo aphakathi phakathi kwe-antimony ne-calcium: awanamandla njenge-calcium, kodwa ngasikhathi sinye adlula ama-antimony kuzo zonke izici, kufaka phakathi isikhathi sokunakekela (udinga ukwengeza i-distilled). amanzi njalo ezinyangeni ezingu-5-6). Ngemoto engafanele nomnikazi onekhono ngokobuchwepheshe, le nketho ifaneleka kakhulu.

EFB, AGM kanye nejeli Amabhethri enzelwe izimoto ezibiza kakhulu ezinezici eziningi zikagesi. Isithiyo esikhulu sokuthenga amabhethri anjalo kumshayeli ojwayelekile yinani. Uma izindleko ze-EFB zisengadonswa ngumuntu onemali engenayo emaphakathi, khona-ke amajeli angokuzijabulisa kubashayeli abacebile kuphela noma kulabo abadinga amabhethri anamandla aphezulu avela ezicini zobuchwepheshe.

Isiqalisi sidinga isilinganiso esingu-350-400 A ukuqalisa injini ngisho kumakhaza, ngakho-ke amaza okuqalisa ajwayelekile angu-500 A maningi. Amabhethri amaningi e-calcium nawe-hybrid anomthamo ongu-60 Ah aklanyelwe la mandla. Ngakho-ke, ukuthenga imikhiqizo yejeli enesiqalo esingu-1 A kubashayeli abaningi abanemoto evela esigabeni esijwayelekile kuwukumosha imali nje. Ngisho nabanikazi bezimoto ze-premium, asikho isidingo samandla ebhethri yesimanje yejeli kanye ne-AGM. Ibhethri elihle le-calcium noma i-hybrid lizobafanela.

Uma ibhethri olifunayo selikhethiwe, kufanele uhlole ukusebenza kwalo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, xhuma ipulaki yokulayisha kuyo futhi ulinganise i-voltage engenzi lutho, kanye nangaphansi komthwalo. I-voltage engenzi lutho akufanele ibe ngaphansi kuka-12,5 V, futhi ngaphansi komthwalo, ngemva kwemizuzwana engu-10 yokusebenza - ingabi ngaphansi kuka-11 V.

Uma umdayisi wayengenayo imfoloko yomthwalo, kufanele ucabange ngokushintsha isitolo. Akulungile futhi ukuhlola ibhethri ngesibani esingu-12 volt. Izilinganiso ezinjalo azikhombisi ukwethembeka nokuqina kwebhethri.

Sikweluleka ukuthi uthenge amabhethri ezindaweni ezikhethekile zokuthengisa. Ezitolo ezinjalo, kungenzeka ukuthi uthenge umkhiqizo wekhwalithi, futhi uma kwenzeka ushada, ibhethri izothathelwa indawo wena. Okubaluleke kakhulu, ungakhohlwa ukuhlola ikhadi lewaranti futhi ugcine irisidi.

Khumbula ukuthi ngaphambi kokushintsha ibhethri, kufanele uhlole isimo sikagesi kanye nesiqalisi semoto yakho. Kungenzeka ukuthi ibhethri lakho lihlelekile, kodwa inkinga ihlukile, futhi uma ingalungiswa, ibhethri elisha ngeke lihlale isikhathi eside.