Imaphi amafutha egiya angcono kakhulu? Ufuna indawo ekahle yomakhenikha
Okuqukethwe
Imibandela yokuhlola uwoyela wegiya ukuhanjiswa okwenziwa ngesandla
Amafutha ajwayelekile okuhanjiswa okwenziwa ngesandla anezinkomba ezimbili eziyinhloko ezinquma amandla azo okusebenza kumayunithi athile okudlulisela: isigaba sikawoyela we-API kanye ne-viscosity. Lawa amapharamitha ajwayeleke kakhulu ekuhlukaniseni uwoyela wegiya.
Eqinisweni, ukudluliswa kwemishini kuyisethi yamagiya alayishwe kakhulu, ama-shaft awo azungeza kuma-bearings aginqikayo. Izindlela zokulawula, amaphiko nezimfoloko, zilayishwa kancane kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, akukho kugcizelelwa okukhethekile okubekwa ekugcobeni kwabo, ngoba noma iyiphi i-lubricant yokudlulisela ngokuvamile yanele ekusebenzeni okujwayelekile kwalezi zindlela.
Ama-synchronizer nawo adlala indima ebalulekile ekuhanjisweni okwenziwa ngesandla. Ingqikithi ye-synchronizer iwukuqondanisa isivinini samagiya okukhwelana ngaphambi kokuhlanganyela. Uma amagiya ezungeza ngesivinini esihlukene, kuba yinkinga ukwakha ukusebenzisana kwawo ekuhambeni. Imvamisa, ukwehluleka kwama-synchronizer kubonakala ngokuhlanganyela okuqinile kwamagiya ane-rattle metallic eyisici.
I-synchronizer isebenza kalula. Ngaphambi kokumatanisa amagiya, lapho ushintsha amagiya, okokuqala indawo engaphezulu ye-synchronizer ihlangana nobuso obuseceleni belinye lamagiya futhi, ngenxa yamandla okushayisana, ilinganisa ijubane lokuphenduka kwawo womabili amagiya. Ngemuva kwalokho, amagiya ahlanganyela kalula futhi ngaphandle kwemisindo engaphandle. Kodwa uma kunezithako eziningi zokulwa nokungqubuzana emafutheni, i-synchronizer izoqala ukuslayida eduze kwendawo eseceleni yegiya. Isivinini sokuzungezisa ngeke silingane. Ibhokisi lizoqala ukungasebenzi kahle.
Kuvela ukuthi uwoyela wegiya kufanele uhlangabezane nalezi zindlela ezilandelayo kuze kufike ezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu:
- vikela amagiya alayishiwe ukuthi angagugi futhi agwetshwe;
- gcoba ngempumelelo ama-rolling bearings;
- ungaphazamisi ukusebenza kwama-synchronizers namanye amayunithi okulawula;
- ukwenza imisebenzi yabo isikhathi eside.
Uma iphezulu ikhwalithi yenhlanganisela yalezi zindlela zokuhlola, kuba ngcono uwoyela wegiya.
Amafutha egiya angcono kakhulu
Umkhuba wamafutha egiya empeleni ulula kakhulu: lapho izindleko zikawoyela ziphezulu, kuzovikela kangcono ukudluliswa kwesandla ekugugeni futhi kuzohlala isikhathi eside. Kodwa-ke, ungakhohlwa ukuthi udinga ukukhetha uwoyela ngokuqinile ekilasini kanye ne-viscosity enconywe umenzi wemoto futhi ehambisana nezimo zezulu.
Isibonelo, kunconywa uwoyela wezigaba ze-GL-3 kanye ne-GL-4 (cishe i-analogue ephelele ye-TM-3 ne-TM-4 yasekhaya) ukuhanjiswa okuvumelanisiwe okwenziwe ngesandla, lapho, lapho kukhona i-hypoid gearing egiyeni eliyinhloko, umthwalo aweqi ku-2500 MPa no-3000 MPa, ngokulandelana.
Izithambisi ezithe xaxa zobuchwepheshe i-GL-5 ne-GL-6 (TM-5 ne-TM-6) ziyakwazi ukuvikela amagiya namabheringi ngokwawo ngempumelelo, kodwa awahambisani namanye ama-transmission manual avumelanisiwe.
Kunzima ukuhlola izinga likawoyela wokudlulisela ukuthunyelwa ngesandla ngesikhathi esifushane, ngoba izikhathi zokushintsha ngokuvamile zidlula i-60-80 km eyizinkulungwane. Ngakho-ke, ngezansi sibhala abakhiqizi bamafutha egiya abanikazi bezimoto abakhuluma kahle ngawo:
- Igobolondo;
- I-Elf;
- Ama-Fuchs;
- ICastrol;
- I-Liquid Moly;
- I-Motul;
- I-Mannol.
Phakathi kwabakhiqizi basekhaya ngokwesiko Gazpromneft, Lukoil futhi Rosneft kukhona abaholi.
Amafutha angcono kakhulu wokudlulisa we-VAZ
Ake sibheke kafushane amafutha egiya angcono kakhulu ezimoto ze-AvtoVAZ.
- I-Zic. Lo mkhiqizi waseKorea wokugcoba unqoba ngokuzethemba izimakethe zeRussian Federation, ikakhulukazi emphakathini wabanikazi bezimoto zeVAZ. Phakathi kukawoyela wegiya, abashayeli bakhuluma kahle nge-G-FF class GL-4 synthetics. Lawa mafutha afanele amabhokisi azo zombili izinhlobo zakudala (kusuka ku-VAZ-2101 kuya ku-VAZ-2107), futhi kamuva - imindeni ye-Samara, i-VAZ-2110 ne-Samara-2 (VAZ-2114). Kumamodeli akamuva e-VAZ, ama-synthetics e-GF TOP class GL-4/5 afanelekile.
- U-Agip. Lo mkhiqizi owaziwa kancane uthandwa ngabanikazi abaningi be-VAZ nge-gearbox eshintshwayo. Amafutha, nakuba kungokwalabo semi-synthetics, kodwa, ukwahlulela ukubuyekezwa abashayeli, isebenza kahle ngisho emabhokisini onobuhle kuqhathaniswa yesimanje, ezifana Grant futhi Priora. Amafutha wegiya we-Agip Rotra akhiqizwa ezinhlobonhlobo ze-viscosities, kodwa izinketho ezithandwa kakhulu ziyi-75W-90 kanye ne-75W-80, efanelekile emgqeni ophakathi nasenyakatho weRussian Federation. Ezifundeni ezinesimo sezulu esifudumele, kusetshenziswa izinto zokuthambisa eziwugqinsi.
- I-Lukoil. Mhlawumbe umkhiqizi odume kakhulu wamafutha egiya wezimoto zasekhaya eRussian Federation. I-Lukoil TM-5 yeklasi GL-5 kanye ne-viscosity ye-85W-90 ivame ukusetshenziselwa i-Niva. I-Lukoil nayo inconywa ukuthi igcwalise abanikazi bezinye izinhlobo ze-VAZ. Emibuthanweni yabashayeli bezimoto, kunombono wokuthi la mafutha alungile ngokwenani lentengo / izinga.
- IGazpromneft. Manje isigxile kakhulu ekukhiqizweni kwamafutha egiya azishintshayo, kodwa kusenenqwaba yezinto ezilula zokuthambisa ezisetshenziswa ngama-manual transmissions ezithengiswayo. Ku-inthanethi, kuvame ukubuyekezwa kubanikazi be-Kalin, abakhuluma kahle ngalawa mafutha.
- Rosneft. Amafutha we-Kinetic Hypoid line ayinayo kuphela imvume esemthethweni ye-AvtoVAZ PJSC, kodwa futhi aqoqe izimpendulo eziningi ezinhle kubanikazi bezimoto. Abashayeli bezimoto baqaphela ukushintshwa okushelelayo kanye nokugcina uwoyela emazingeni okushisa abandayo, okwenza kube lula ukuqala ukushayela ebusika.
Ukubuyekezwa okungalungile mayelana nowoyela wegiya ikakhulukazi kuhlobene ne-viscosity engalungile noma ibanga, kanye nokubambezeleka kokushintshwa.
