Imaphi amafutha enjini ebusika?

Ubusika yisikhathi esingemnandi kakhulu ezimotweni zethu. Umswakama, ukungcola, isithwathwa, nosawoti emgwaqeni - konke lokhu akufaki isandla ekusebenzeni kwemoto, kodwa, ngokuphambene nalokho, kungabangela ukulimala okukhulu kuyo. Ikakhulukazi uma singayinakekeli kahle imoto yethu. Kusho ukuthini ukugcinwa kwemoto ekusebenzeni? Okokuqala, ukushintshwa okujwayelekile koketshezi olusebenzayo, kanye nesitayela sokushayela esifanele esivumelana nezimo zezulu, ikakhulukazi izinga lokushisa.

Uzofundani kulokhu okuthunyelwe?

• Kungani injini idinga uwoyela?

• Ukushintsha kwamafutha asebusika - yini okudingeka ukwazi?

• Ibanga le-viscosity kanye nezinga lokushisa elizungezile.

• Amafutha asebusika, ingabe kufanelekile?

• Ukushayela edolobheni = ukushintsha uwoyela njalo kuyadingeka

TL, д-

Asikho isidingo sokushintsha uwoyela ngaphambi kobusika, kodwa uma amafutha ethu edlule kakhulu futhi ngokuvamile singawashintshi njalo ngonyaka, khona-ke ubusika buyoba isikhathi esihle sokunikeza imoto amafutha amasha. Ngezinsuku ezineqhwa, injini ibhekana nokucindezeleka okukhulu, ikakhulukazi uma ikakhulukazi sishayela uhambo olufushane edolobheni.

Amafutha enjini - yini futhi kanjani?

Amafutha emoto angenye ye uketshezi olubaluleke kakhulu emotweni yethu. Ihlinzeka ngokugcotshwa okufanele kwazo zonke izingxenye zokushayela, isuse ukungcola nezinhlayiya zensimbi ezifakwe phakathi nokusebenza kwenjini. I-lubricating fluid yenza umsebenzi wayo futhi pholisa injini - izakhi ze-crankshaft, isikhathi, ama-piston kanye nezindonga zesilinda. Kungacatshangwa ukuthi cishe. Phakathi kuka-20 no-30% wokushisa okukhiqizwa injini kukhishwa enjini ngenxa yamafutha.... Ukungcola okukhishwa uwoyela kubangelwa ikakhulukazi ukushiswa kwamafutha ayinsalela, ukuvuza phakathi kwamapiston nezindonga zamasilinda, kanye nokuguga okukhulunywe ngakho ngaphambili kwezingxenye zenjini.

Ukushintsha kwamafutha ebusika

Ubusika yisikhathi esihlotshaniswa nokusebenza okuqondile kwemoto - ngalesi sikhathi sonyaka ukushintshwa kuyadingeka. amathayi asebusika, imishini yezimoto enazo zonke izinhlobo zama-scrapers namabhulashi, kanye nama-heaters engilazi... Kodwa-ke, sivame ukukhohlwa iphuzu elibaluleke ngokufanayo, ngoba, kunjalo, ukushintsha uwoyela okuhlelekile enjinini... Iyunithi ngayinye yamandla kufanele igcotshwe njalo ngoketshezi olusezingeni elifanelana nezidingo kanye nemininingwane yenjini ethile. Uma sishayela kulawa mafutha isikhathi eside, cishe aguge kakhulu, okusho ukuthi izakhiwo zawo zokuzivikela zimbi kakhulu. Ubusika bunjalo isikhathi esinzima kakhulu sezimoto - ekuseni kusebusika kwenzeka ukuthi singayishiyi imoto noma siyenze ngobunzima obukhulu. Kungaba iphutha lebhethri, kodwa akumele kube njalo. Ngokuvamile kwenzeka ukuthi lesi simo sivela ngenxa ukusetshenziswa kukawoyela wenjiniokungashintshwanga ngesikhathi esifanele nakho kungabangela, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukulimala ku-turbocharger, ama-rod bearings noma ezinye izingxenye zenjini.

Naka ibanga le-viscosity

Uwoyela ngamunye ubonakala ngokuthi i-viscosity ethile... Ama-viscosities athandwa kakhulu asetshenziswa esimweni sethu sezulu yilezi: I-5W-40 Oraz 10W-40. Ungathenga amafutha anjalo cishe yonke indawo. Lolu phawu lwakhiwe i-Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), ehlukanise i-viscosity kawoyela kokubili amazinga okushisa asebusika nasehlobo. Ukumaka kokuqala kubonisa izici zasebusika zala mafutha, okungukuthi, 5W kanye no-10W, njengezibonelo ezinikeziwe. Zombili lezi zinombolo zinenhlamvu ethi W, emele ubusika, okungukuthi, ubusika. Isibalo esilandelayo (40), futhi, sibhekisela ku-viscosity yasehlobo (izinhlobonhlobo zasehlobo, ukushisa kwamafutha angu-100 degrees Celsius). Ukumakwa kwasebusika kunquma uketshezi lwamafutha emazingeni okushisa aphansi, okungukuthi, inani lapho le fluidity isagcinwa khona. Okucaciswe kakhulu - uma inombolo engu-W iphansi, kungcono ukuthambisa injini emazingeni okushisa aphansi.... Ngokuqondene nenombolo yesibili, ephakeme kakhulu, ukumelana kakhulu namazinga okushisa aphezulu la mafutha. I-viscosity yasebusika ibaluleke kakhulu, njengoba uketshezi olugcobayo lulugqinsi, futhi njengoba izinga lokushisa lehla, uketshezi lwalo kuncipha nakakhulu. Amafutha anencazelo engu-5W-40 yakhelwe ukuvimbela ukujiya kukawoyela ngokweqile ngisho emazingeni okushisa ehle aze afike ku--30 degrees Celsius kanye no-10W-40 kuya ku-12 degrees Celsius. Uma sibhekisisa i-lubricant ecacisiwe engu-15W-40, uketshezi lwawo luzogcinwa kuze kufike ku--20 degrees Celsius. Yiqiniso, kufanelekile ukungeza lokho isigaba se-viscosity sasebusika futhi ngokwengxenye sincike ku-viscosity yasehlobookungukuthi, isibonelo, uma sinawo 5W-30 uwoyela, theory ingasetshenziswa ngisho at -35 degrees Celsius, futhi liquid 5W-40 (ikilasi ebusika efanayo) - kuze -30 degrees Celsius. Nakuba ngisho nakulawa mazinga okushisa aphansi amafutha angase avuze, asikho isiqinisekiso sokuthi azokwanela. wagcoba injini... Kuyafaneleka ukwazi ukuthi okuthiwa ukusesha kuqalileokungukuthi, ukuqala injini ngemva kwesikhathi eside ingasebenzi lapho injini ingagcotshiwe ngokuphelele ngamafutha imizuzwana embalwa yokuqala ngemva kokuvula ukhiye. Uma kuncishiswa ubumanzi be-lubricant, kuthatha isikhathi eside ukufika kuwo wonke amaphuzu adinga ukugcotshwa.

Amafutha akhethekile ebusika - ingabe kufanelekile?

Ukubuza ukuthi ukushintsha amafutha enjini ebusika kunengqondo, ake sibheke nezindaba zomnotho. Uma sihamba kakhulu kangangokuthi amafutha ethu ashintshwa kabili ngonyaka, singase sinqume ukusebenzisa amafutha ahlukile entwasahlobo-ehlobo kanye namafutha ahlukile ekwindla-ebusika. Yebo okubalulekile kukhona lapha lubricating liquid nemingcele - uma imoto yethu isebenza kuwoyela odumile we-5W-30, khona-ke lokhu kuwumkhiqizo wesimo sezulu sonke okufanele usebenze kahle enjinini yesimanje nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka. Yiqiniso, singayishintsha ebusika ngokukhetha amafutha angu-0W-30 azosebenza kangcono ngezinsuku zeqhwa. Umbuzo nje uwukuthi, ingabe kungcono ngokuphawulekayo? Hhayi ezimeni zesi-Polish. Esimweni sethu sezulu, uwoyela we-5W-40 wanele (noma i-5W-30 yemiklamo emisha), i.e. amapharamitha kawoyela wenjini adume kakhulu. Yiqiniso, ungacabanga nge-5W-40 njengamafutha ehlobo kanye ne-5W-30 njengamafutha asebusika. Kodwa-ke, asikho isidingo sokushintsha uwoyela ngaphambi kobusika kumafutha ngaphandle kwalawo esihlala siwasebenzisa (inqobo nje uma ehlangabezana nezidingo zomkhiqizi wemoto). Okugcwele kuyoba inzuzo kakhulu ukushintsha amafutha kaningi kunokushintsha okungajwayelekile koketshezi, kodwa ngaphambi kwenguqulo eyaziwa ngokuthi "ubusika".

Ingabe uhamba kakhulu edolobheni? Shintsha amafutha!

Izimoto ukuthi bahamba kakhulu edolobheni, basebenzisa amafutha ngokusheshangakho-ke zidinga ukushintshwa njalo. Ukushayela edolobheni akuhambisani nokugcobisa, kodwa kunalokho ukusheshisa njalo, imithwalo yokushisa ebalulekile, njll. ukuhamba ibanga elifushane, nomthelela ekusetshenzisweni kukawoyela. Ngamafuphi, ngoba ezimweni ezinjalo, inani elikhulu lamafutha lingena emafutheni futhi zonke izithasiselo eziqukethe ziyadliwa. Futhi kufanelekile ukucatshangelwa ukujiya kwamanziokwenzekayo phakathi nalolu hlobo lokushayela - ukuba khona kwalo kuholela ekushintsheni kwezici zamafutha. Kungakho, ikakhulukazi emotweni ehamba amakhilomitha amaningi emigwaqweni yedolobha amabanga amafushane, kufanele kuqashelwe. ukushintsha amafutha avamile, kuhl. ngesikhathi sasebusika nje.

Nakekela injini - shintsha uwoyela

Ngikhathazekile mayelana injini emotweni lokhu phakathi kokunye ukushintsha amafutha avamile... Awukwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kwayo! Kungakhathaleki isizini, kufanele shintsha uwoyela kanye ngonyaka noma njalo ngamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane eziyi-10-20. Ungayibukeli phansi, ngoba ingenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni kahle kwedrayivu emotweni yethu - ipholisa izingxenye zayo, isuse ukungcola, inciphise ukungqubuzana futhi igcine. I-lubricant endala futhi iyancipha, iba yimbi nakakhulu indima yayo. Lapho uthenga uwoyela wenjini, ake sikhethe umkhiqizo onophawu olufakazelwe onokubuyekezwa okuhle kwabasebenzisi, isibonelo UCastrol, I-Elf, U-Liquid moly, iselula noma Igobolondo... Amafutha aphuma kulezi zinkampani ayaziwa ngokwethembeka nokuba sezingeni eliphezulu, ngakho-ke singaqiniseka ukuthi injini siyayigcwalisa ngesigcobo esizokwenza kahle endimeni yayo.

Ingabe udinga ulwazi olwengeziwe ngamafutha enjini? Qiniseka ukuthi uyahlola ibhulogi yethuexoxa ngokugcotshwa kwenjini ngokuningiliziwe.

Amafutha enjini ye-Castrol - yini eyenza ahluke?

Kungani kufaneleka ukushintsha uwoyela kaningi?

I-Shell - Hlangana nomkhiqizi kawoyela wezimoto ohamba phambili emhlabeni

www.unsplash.com,