Imaphi amafutha angcono ukugcwalisa injini yomlilo yangaphakathi

Umbuzo uwukuthi yikuphi uwoyela okungcono ukugcwalisa injiniikhathaza abanikazi bezimoto abaningi. Ukukhethwa koketshezi lokugcoba kuvame ukususelwa ekukhethweni kwe-viscosity, isigaba se-API, i-ACEA, ukuvunyelwa kwabakhiqizi bezimoto nezinye izici ezimbalwa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, bambalwa abantu abacabangela izici ezingokomzimba zikawoyela nezindinganiso zekhwalithi ngokuphathelene nokuthi injini yemoto isebenza ngani uphethiloli noma izici zokuklama kwayo. Ezinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi ezine-turbocharged kanye nezinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi ezinemishini ye-gas-balloon, ukukhethwa kwenziwa ngokwehlukana. kubalulekile futhi ukwazi ukuthi yini umphumela omubi uphethiloli onenani elikhulu lesulfure enjinini yangaphakathi yomlilo, nokuthi ungakhetha kanjani uwoyela kulokhu.

Izidingo zamafutha enjini

ukuze unqume ukuthi hlobo luni lwamafutha oluzogcwaliswa enjini yangaphakathi yemoto, kufanelekile ukuqonda izidingo okufanele zihlangabezane nazo uketshezi lokugcoba. Lezi zindlela zokunquma zihlanganisa:

• izindawo zokuhlanza eziphezulu kanye ne-solubilizing;
• amakhono aphezulu okulwa nokugqoka;
• ukuzinza okuphezulu kwe-thermal kanye ne-oxidative;
• akukho mphumela olimazayo ezingxenyeni zenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi;
• ikhono lokulondoloza isikhathi eside izakhiwo zokusebenza kanye nokumelana nokuguga;
• izinga eliphansi lemfucuza enjini yomlilo yangaphakathi, ukuguquguquka okuphansi;
• ukuzinza okuphezulu kokushisa;
• ukungabikho (noma inani elincane) le-foam kuzo zonke izimo zokushisa;
• ukuhambisana nazo zonke izinto ezenziwe ngazo izakhi zokuvala zenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi;
• ukuhambisana nama-catalysts;
• ukusebenza okuthembekile emazingeni okushisa aphansi, ukuqinisekisa isiqalo esibandayo esivamile, ukudonsa okuhle esimweni sezulu esibandayo;
• ukuthembeka kokugcotshwa kwezingxenye zenjini.

Phela, bonke ubunzima bokukhetha ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukuthola i-lubricant ezokwanelisa ngokugcwele zonke izidingo, ngoba ngezinye izikhathi zivele zihluke. Futhi ngaphandle kwalokho, ayikho impendulo eqondile yombuzo wokuthi yimaphi amafutha okugcwalisa uphethiloli noma udizili injini evuthayo yangaphakathi, ngoba uhlobo oluthile lwenjini udinga ukukhetha olwakho.

Amanye ama-motor adinga uwoyela ohambisana nemvelo, amanye ama-viscous noma okuphambene nalokho. Futhi ukuze uthole ukuthi iyiphi i-ICE engcono ukuyigcwalisa, udinga ngempela ukwazi imiqondo efana ne-viscosity, okuqukethwe komlotha, inombolo ye-alkaline ne-asidi, nokuthi ihlobene kanjani nokubekezelelana kwabakhiqizi bezimoto nezinga le-ACEA.

Viscosity kanye tolerances

Ngokwesiko, ukukhethwa kwamafutha enjini kwenziwa ngokuya nge-viscosity nokubekezelelana kwe-automaker. Ku-inthanethi ungathola ulwazi oluningi mayelana nalokhu. Sizokhumbula kafushane nje ukuthi kunamazinga amabili ayisisekelo - i-SAE ne-ACEA, ngokuya ngakuphi uwoyela okufanele kukhethwe ngawo.

Ukulebula uwoyela wezimoto

incazelo eningiliziwe yazo zonke izimpawu ku-canister yamafutha emoto. Thola ukuthi izimpawu zamafutha enjini i-API, SAE, ACEA, ILSAC kanye neGOST zisho ukuthini ukuze ukhethe uwoyela odingekayo wenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi yemoto Funda kabanzi

 

I-viscosity value (isibonelo, i-5W-30 noma i-5W-40) inikeza ulwazi oluthile mayelana nezakhiwo zokusebenza ze-lubricant, kanye nenjini lapho isetshenziswa khona (amafutha athile anezici ezithile kuphela angathululelwa kwezinye izinjini). Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukunaka ukubekezelelana ngokwezinga le-ACEA, isibonelo, i-ACEA A1 / B1; I-ACEA A3/B4; I-ACEA A5/B5; I-ACEA C2 ... C5 nabanye. Lokhu kusebenza kuzo zombili izinjini zikaphethiloli nezikadizili.

Abaningi abathanda izimoto banesithakazelo embuzweni wokuthi iyiphi i-API engcono? Impendulo kuyo izoba - ilungele injini ethile yangaphakathi evuthayo. Kunamakilasi amaningana ezimoto ezikhiqizwa manje. Ngophethiloli, lawa amakilasi e-SM (yezimoto ezakhiwe ngo-2004 ... 2010), SN (yezimoto ezakhiwe ngemuva kuka-2010) kanye nesigaba esisha se-API SP (yezimoto ezakhiwe ngemuva kuka-2020), ngeke sicabangele okunye ngenxa iqiniso lokuthi zibhekwa njengeziphelelwe yisikhathi. Izinjini zikadizili, amagama afanayo yi-CI-4 futhi (2004 ... 2010) kanye ne-CJ-4 (ngemuva kuka-2010). Uma umshini wakho usumdala, kuzomele ubheke amanye amanani ngokwezinga le-API. Futhi khumbula ukuthi akudingekile ukugcwalisa amafutha amaningi "amasha" ezimotweni ezindala (okungukuthi, isibonelo, gcwalisa i-SN esikhundleni se-SM). Kudingeka ukunamathela ngokuqinile emiyalweni ye-automaker (lokhu kungenxa yokuklama kanye nemishini yemoto).

Uma, lapho uthenga imoto esetshenzisiwe, awukwazi ukuthi hlobo luni lwamafutha umnikazi wangaphambili owagcwalisa, khona-ke kufanelekile ukushintsha ngokuphelele isihlungi samafutha namafutha, kanye nokugubha uhlelo lwamafutha usebenzisa amathuluzi akhethekile.

Abakhiqizi benjini yenjini banezimvume zabo zikawoyela wenjini (isb. BMW Longlife-04; Dexos2; GM-LL-A-025/ GM-LL-B-025; MB 229.31/MB 229.51; Porsche A40; VW 502 00/VW 505 nabanye). Uma amafutha ehambisana nokubekezelelana okukodwa noma okunye, khona-ke ulwazi mayelana nalokhu luzoboniswa ngokuqondile kulebula ye-canister. Uma imoto yakho inokubekezelelana okunjalo, ngakho-ke kuhle kakhulu ukukhetha uwoyela ohambisana nawo.

Izinketho ezintathu ezisohlwini zokukhetha ziyisibopho futhi ziyisisekelo, futhi kufanele zilandelwe. Kodwa-ke, kukhona futhi imingcele eminingi ethokozisayo ekuvumela ukuthi ukhethe uwoyela olungele injini yomlilo yangaphakathi yemoto ethile.

Abakhiqizi bakawoyela baphakamisa i-viscosity ephezulu yokushisa ngokungeza ama-polymeric thickeners ekwakhiweni kwawo. Kodwa-ke, inani le-60, empeleni, lidlulele, njengoba ukungezwa okwengeziwe kwalezi zakhi zamakhemikhali akufanelekile, futhi kulimaza kuphela ukwakheka.

Amafutha ane-viscosity ephansi ye-kinematic afaneleka ku-ICE entsha ne-ICE, lapho iziteshi zamafutha nezimbobo (izici) zinesigaba esincane sesiphambano. Okungukuthi, uketshezi olugcobayo lungena kubo ngaphandle kwezinkinga ngesikhathi sokusebenza futhi lwenza umsebenzi wokuzivikela. Uma uwoyela owugqinsi (40, 50, nangaphezulu kuka-60) uthululelwa kumshini onjalo, awukwazi ukudlula eziteshini, okuzoholela emiphumeleni emibili edabukisayo. Okokuqala, injini yomlilo yangaphakathi izokoma. Okwesibili, iningi lamafutha lizongena ekamelweni elivuthayo, futhi ukusuka lapho lingene ohlelweni lokukhipha umoya, okungukuthi, kuzoba "isishisi samafutha" kanye nentuthu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ekuphumeni.

Amafutha ane-viscosity ephansi ye-kinematic avame ukusetshenziswa kuma-ICE ane-turbocharged kanye nama-boxer (amamodeli amasha), njengoba kuvame ukuba neziteshi zikawoyela ezincane, futhi ukupholisa kubangelwa ikakhulukazi uwoyela.

Amafutha anama-viscosities okushisa aphezulu angama-50 no-60 aminyene kakhulu futhi afanele izinjini ezinamaphaseji kawoyela abanzi. Enye injongo yazo iwukusetshenziswa ezinjinini ezinamamayela aphakeme, anezikhala ezinkulu phakathi kwezingxenye (noma kuma-ICE wamaloli alayishwe kakhulu). Ama-motor anjalo kufanele aphathwe ngokuqapha, futhi asetshenziswe kuphela uma umenzi wenjini ekuvumela.

Kwezinye izimo (lapho ukulungiswa kungenakwenzeka nganoma yisiphi isizathu), uwoyela onjalo ungathululelwa enjini endala yangaphakathi ukuze kuncishiswe ukushuba kwentuthu. Kodwa-ke, ngesikhathi sokuqala, kuyadingeka ukwenza ukuhlolwa nokulungisa injini yomlilo yangaphakathi, bese ugcwalisa uwoyela onconywa ngumenzi wemoto.

I-ACEA ejwayelekile

I-ACEA - I-European Association of Machine Manufacturers, ehlanganisa i-BMW, ​​i-DAF, i-Ford yase-Europe, i-General Motors Europe, i-MAN, i-Mercedes-Benz, i-Peugeot, i-Porsche, i-Renault, i-Rolls Royce, i-Rover, i-Saab-Scania, i-Volkswagen, i-Volvo, i-FIAT nabanye. . Ngokwezinga, amafutha ahlukaniswe izigaba ezintathu ezibanzi:

• I-A1, A3 ne-A5 - amazinga ekhwalithi yamafutha ezinjini zikaphethiloli;
• I-B1, B3, B4 kanye ne-B5 amazinga ekhwalithi kawoyela ezimotweni zabagibeli namaloli amancane anezinjini zikadizili.

Imvamisa, uwoyela wesimanje awukho emhlabeni wonke, ngakho-ke ungathelwa kukho kokubili uphethiloli nodizili ICE. Ngakho-ke, enye yalezi zindlela ezilandelayo isemathinini kawoyela:

• I-ACEA A1 / B1;
• I-ACEA A3 / B3;
• I-ACEA A3 / B4;
• I-ACEA A5/B5.

futhi ngokwezinga le-ACEA, kukhona amafutha alandelayo akhulise ukuhambisana nabaguquli be-catalytic (ngezinye izikhathi babizwa ngokuthi umlotha ophansi, kodwa lokhu akulona iqiniso ngokuphelele, njengoba kukhona amasampula omlotha aphakathi nendawo futhi agcwele emgqeni).

• C1. Ingamafutha omlotha ophansi (SAPS - Sulphated Ash, Phosphorus and Sulfur, "sulfated ash, phosphorus and sulfur"). Ingasetshenziswa futhi nezinjini zikadizili, ezingagcwaliswa ngamafutha ane-viscosity ephansi, kanye nomjovo oqondile wamafutha. Amafutha kufanele abe nesilinganiso se-HTHS okungenani esingu-2,9 mPa•s.
• C2. Inosayizi omaphakathi. Ingasetshenziswa nama-ICE ananoma iyiphi isistimu yokukhipha umoya (ngisho neyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu nesimanje). Kubandakanya izinjini zikadizili ezinomjovo oqondile wamafutha. Ingathululelwa ezinjinini ezisebenza ngamafutha ane-viscosity ephansi.
• C3. Ngokufana neyangaphambili, i-medium-ash, ingasetshenziswa nanoma yiziphi izinjini, kuhlanganise nalezo ezivumela ukusetshenziswa kwezinto zokugcoba eziphansi ze-viscosity. Nokho, lapha inani le-HTHS livunyelwe lingekho ngaphansi kuka-3,5 MPa•s.
• C4. Amafutha omlotha aphansi. Kuzo zonke ezinye izici, ziyefana namasampula angaphambilini, nokho, ukufundwa kwe-HTHS kufanele okungenani kube ngu-3,5 MPa•s.
• C5. Ikilasi lesimanjemanje elethulwa ngo-2017. Ngokusemthethweni, iwumlotha omaphakathi, kodwa inani le-HTHS lapha alikho ngaphansi kuka-2,6 MPa•s. Uma kungenjalo, amafutha angasetshenziswa nanoma iyiphi injini ye-diesel.

futhi ngokwezinga le-ACEA, kunamafutha asetshenziswa kuma-ICE adizili asebenza ezimeni ezinzima (amaloli nemishini yokwakha, amabhasi, njalonjalo). Zinegama - E4, E6, E7, E9. Ngenxa yokucaciswa kwazo, ngeke sizicabangele.

Ukukhethwa kukawoyela ngokwezinga le-ACEA kuncike ohlotsheni lwenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi nezinga layo lokugqoka. Ngakho-ke, i-A3, B3 ne-B4 endala ilungele ukusetshenziswa ezimotweni eziningi ze-ICE ezineminyaka okungenani engu-5 ubudala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zingasetshenziswa nekhaya, hhayi izinga eliphezulu kakhulu (elinokungcola okukhulu kwesibabule) uphethiloli. Kodwa izindinganiso ze-C4 ne-C5 kufanele zisetshenziswe uma uqinisekile ukuthi uphethiloli ungowekhwalithi ephezulu futhi uhlangabezana nendinganiso yesimanje yemvelo eyamukelwayo ye-Euro-5 (futhi ngisho nangaphezulu i-Euro-6). Uma kungenjalo, amafutha asezingeni eliphezulu, ngokuphambene nalokho, "azobulala" injini yomlilo yangaphakathi kuphela futhi anciphise insiza yayo (kuze kube yingxenye yesikhathi esibaliwe).

Umphumela wesulfure kuphethiloli

kufanelekile ukugxila kafushane embuzweni wamuphi umphumela isibabule esikhona kuphethiloli esinawo enjinini yangaphakathi yomlilo kanye nezakhiwo zokugcoba zamafutha. Njengamanje, ukuze kuncishiswe ukukhishwa okuyingozi (ikakhulukazi izinjini zikadizili), enye yezinhlelo (futhi ngezinye izikhathi zombili ngasikhathi sinye) zisetshenziswa - i-SCR (i-exhaust neutralization isebenzisa urea) kanye ne-EGR (Exhaust Gas Recirculation - i-exhaust gas recirculation system). Lesi sakamuva sisabela kahle kakhulu esibabuleni.

Isistimu ye-EGR iqondisa amanye amagesi e-exhaust asuka ku-exhaust manifold abuyele endaweni eningi. lokhu kunciphisa inani le-oksijini ekamelweni elivuthayo, okusho ukuthi izinga lokushisa lomlilo wengxube kaphethiloli lizoba phansi. Ngenxa yalokhu, inani le-nitrogen oxides (NO) liyancishiswa. Kodwa-ke, ngesikhathi esifanayo, amagesi abuya e-exhaust manifold anomswakama ophezulu, futhi lapho ethintana nesibabule esikhona kuphethiloli, enza i-sulfuric acid. Iphinde ibe nomthelela omubi kakhulu ezindongeni zezingxenye zenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi, okunomthelela ekugqwaleni, okuhlanganisa i-cylinder block kanye nama-unit injection. nezinhlanganisela zesulfure ezingenayo zinciphisa impilo yamafutha enjini agcwaliswayo.

Futhi, isibabule kuphethiloli sinciphisa impilo yesihlungi sezinhlayiya. Futhi uma iqhubeka, isihlungi sihluleka ngokushesha. Isizathu salokhu ukuthi umphumela wokushiswa yi-sulfate sulfate, enomthelela ekwandeni kokubunjwa kwe-soot engashi, kamuva engena esihlungini.

Izinketho ezengeziwe zokukhetha

Amazinga kanye nama-viscosities lapho amafutha akhethwa khona ulwazi oludingekayo lokukhethwa. Kodwa-ke, ukuze wenze ukukhetha kube kuhle, kungcono ukhethe nge-ICE. okungukuthi, kucatshangelwa ukuthi yiziphi izinto zokwakha ibhulokhi nama-pistons, ubukhulu bawo, ukwakheka kanye nezinye izici. Imvamisa ukukhetha kungenziwa kalula ngohlobo lwenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi.

"Imidlalo" ene-viscosity

Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwemoto, injini yayo yangaphakathi evuthayo iyaguga ngokwemvelo, futhi igebe phakathi kwezingxenye ngazinye liyakhula, futhi izimpawu zenjoloba zingadlula kancane kancane uketshezi lokuthambisa. Ngakho-ke, kuma-ICE anamamayela aphezulu, kuvunyelwe ukusebenzisa uwoyela we-viscous kakhulu kunalokhu obekugcwaliswe ngawo ngaphambilini. Ukufaka lokhu kuzonciphisa ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli, ikakhulukazi ebusika. futhi, i-viscosity ingandiswa ngokushayela njalo emjikelezweni wasemadolobheni (ngejubane eliphansi).

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-viscosity ingancishiswa (isibonelo, sebenzisa amafutha angu-5W-30 esikhundleni se-5W-40 enconyiwe) uma imoto ivame ukushayela ngesivinini esikhulu emgwaqeni omkhulu, noma injini yomlilo yangaphakathi isebenza ngesivinini esiphansi kanye nemithwalo elula ( hhayi ukushisa ngokweqile).

Sicela uqaphele ukuthi abakhiqizi abahlukene bamafutha ane-viscosity emenyezelwe efanayo bangabonisa imiphumela ehlukene (lokhu kungenxa yesisekelo sesisekelo kanye nokuminyana). Ukuze uqhathanise i-viscosity yamafutha ezimweni zegaraji, ungathatha iziqukathi ezimbili ezibonakalayo bese ugcwalisa phezulu ngamafutha ahlukene okudingeka aqhathaniswe. Bese uthatha amabhola amabili esisindo esifanayo (noma ezinye izinto, okungcono umumo owenziwe kahle) futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo uwacwilise kumashubhu okuhlola alungiselelwe. Amafutha lapho ibhola lifinyelela khona phansi ngokushesha line-viscosity ephansi.

Kuyathakazelisa ikakhulukazi ukwenza ucwaningo olunjalo esimweni sezulu esibandayo ukuze uqonde kangcono ukusebenza kwamafutha ezimoto ebusika. Ngokuvamile amafutha ekhwalithi ephansi ayaba yiqhwa kakade ku--10 degrees Celsius.

Kukhona amafutha e-viscosity engeziwe eklanyelwe izinjini ezihamba phambili ezihamba phambili, njenge-Mobil 1 10W-60 "Idizayinelwe Ngokukhethekile Izimoto ezingu-150,000 + km", eziklanyelwe izinjini ezingaphezu kwamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingu-150.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi uwoyela we-viscous omncane osetshenziswayo, lapho uwohloka kakhulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi okuningi kusala ezindongeni zamasilinda futhi kuyasha. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi uma ingxenye ye-piston yenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi isiguge kakhulu. Kulokhu, kufanelekile ukushintshela ku-lubricant ye-viscous eyengeziwe.

Amafutha ane-viscosity etuswa umenzi we-automaker kufanele asetshenziswe lapho umthombo wenjini wehliswa cishe ngo-25%. Uma insiza iyancipha ngo-25 ... 75%, ngakho-ke kungcono ukusebenzisa amafutha, i-viscosity okuyinani elilodwa eliphakeme. Hhayi-ke, uma injini yomlilo yangaphakathi isesimweni sokulungiswa kwangaphambili, kungcono ukusebenzisa uwoyela we-viscous ngaphezulu, noma usebenzise izithasiselo ezikhethekile ezinciphisa intuthu futhi zikhulise i-viscosity ngenxa yama-thickeners.

Kukhona ukuhlolwa okukalwa ngayo ukuthi zingaki imizuzwana ekushiseni kwe-zero ngemuva kokuqala injini yomlilo yangaphakathi, uwoyela ovela ohlelweni uzofinyelela ku-camshaft. Imiphumela yayo imi kanje:

• 0W-30 - 2,8 imizuzwana;
• 5W-40 - 8 imizuzwana;
• 10W-40 - 28 imizuzwana;
• 15W-40 - 48 amasekhondi.

Ngokuvumelana nalolu lwazi, amafutha ane-viscosity ye-10W-40 awafakiwe emafutheni anconyiwe emishini eminingi yesimanje, ikakhulukazi lawo anama-camshaft amabili kanye nesitimela se-valve esigcwele kakhulu. Okufanayo kusebenza ezinjinini zikadizili ezimpompa zakwaVolkswagen ezakhiwe ngaphambi kukaJuni 2006. Kukhona ukubekezelelana kwe-viscosity okucacile kwe-0W-30 nokubekezelelana kwe-506.01. Ngokukhula kwe-viscosity, isibonelo, kuze kufike ku-5W-40 ebusika, ama-camshafts angakhutshazwa kalula.

Amafutha ane-viscosity ephansi yezinga lokushisa engu-10W awathandeki ukuthi asetshenziswe ezindaweni ezisenyakatho, kodwa kuphela emigqeni ephakathi naseningizimu yezwe!

Muva nje, abakhiqizi bezimoto base-Asia (kodwa nabaseYurophu) sebeqalile ukuhlola uwoyela we-viscosity ephansi. Isibonelo, imodeli yemoto efanayo ingase ibe nokubekezelela okuhlukile kwamafutha. Ngakho, emakethe yasekhaya yaseJapane, ingaba 5W-20 noma 0W-20, futhi yaseYurophu (kuhlanganise nemakethe yaseRussia) - 5W-30 noma 5W-40. Kungani lokhu kwenzeka?

Point wukuthi i-viscosity ikhethwa ngokuya ngomklamo kanye nezinto zokwakha izingxenye zenjini, okungukuthi, ukumiswa kwamapiston, ukuqina kwendandatho.. Ngakho-ke, kuwoyela we-viscosity ephansi (imishini yemakethe yasekhaya yaseJapane), i-piston yenziwe nge-anti-friction coating ekhethekile. i-piston nayo ine-engeli "yemiphongolo" ehlukile, i-curvature "yesiketi" ehlukile. Nokho, lokhu kungaziwa kuphela ngosizo lwamathuluzi akhethekile.

Kodwa okunganqunywa ngeso (ukuhlakaza iqembu le-piston) ukuthi kuma-ICE aklanyelwe uwoyela we-viscosity ephansi, izindandatho zokucindezela zithambile, ziphuma kancane, futhi imvamisa ziyakwazi ukugoba ngisho nangesandla. Futhi lona AKUWONA umshado wasefekthri! Ngokuqondene nendandatho ye-oil scraper, inokuqina okuncane kwama-base scraper blades, ama-piston anezimbobo ezimbalwa futhi mancane. Ngokwemvelo, uma injini enjalo ithululelwa ku-5W-40 noma i-5W-50 uwoyela, khona-ke uwoyela ngeke nje ugcobe injini ngokujwayelekile, kodwa kunalokho uzongena ekamelweni elivuthayo nayo yonke imiphumela elandelayo.

Ngakho-ke, amaJapane azama ukukhiqiza izimoto zawo zokuthumela kwamanye amazwe ngokuvumelana nezidingo zaseYurophu. Lokhu kusebenza futhi ekwakhiweni kwenjini, eklanyelwe ukusebenza namafutha e-viscous amaningi.

ngokuvamile, ukwenyuka kwe-viscosity yezinga eliphezulu lokushisa ngesigaba esisodwa kusukela kulokho okunconywe umenzi (isibonelo, 40 esikhundleni sika-30) akuthinti injini yomlilo yangaphakathi nganoma iyiphi indlela, futhi ngokuvamile kuvunyelwe (ngaphandle uma imibhalo isho ngokuhlukile) .

Izidingo zesimanje ze-Euro IV - VI

Ngokuphathelene nezidingo zanamuhla zobungani bemvelo, abakhiqizi bezimoto baqala ukuhlomisa izimoto zabo ngesistimu yokuhlanza igesi ephumayo. Ngakho-ke, ihlanganisa i-catalyst eyodwa noma ezimbili kanye ne-catalyst yesithathu (yesibili) endaweni yesithulisi (okuthiwa isihlungi se-barium). Kodwa-ke, namuhla izimoto ezinjalo azifiki emazweni e-CIS, kodwa lokhu kuhle ngokwengxenye, ngoba, okokuqala, kunzima ngabo ukuthola uwoyela (kuyoba eqolo kakhulu), futhi okwesibili, izimoto ezinjalo zifuna izinga likaphethiloli. .

Izinjini ezinjalo zikaphethiloli zidinga amafutha afanayo nezinjini zedizili ezinezihlungi zezinhlayiya, okungukuthi, umlotha ophansi (i-SAPS ephansi). Ngakho-ke, uma imoto yakho ingenalo uhlelo lokuhlunga oluyinkimbinkimbi, kungcono ukusebenzisa amafutha omlotha, ama-viscosity agcwele (ngaphandle uma imiyalelo isho ngokuhlukile). Njengoba izigcwalisi zomlotha ezigcwele zivikela kangcono injini evuthayo yangaphakathi ekuguge!

Izinjini zikadizili ezinezihlungi zezinhlayiya

Ezinjini zikadizili ezifakwe izihlungi zezinhlayiya, ngokuphambene nalokho, kufanele kusetshenziswe amafutha omlotha ophansi (ACEA A5 / B5). Lokhu Imfuneko eyisibopho, akukho okunye okungagcwaliswa! Uma kungenjalo, isihlungi sizohluleka ngokushesha. Lokhu kungenxa yamaqiniso amabili. Eyokuqala ukuthi uma amafutha omlotha ogcwele esetshenziswa ohlelweni olunesihlungi sezinhlayiya, isihlungi sizovala ngokushesha, ngoba ngenxa yokushiswa kwe-lubricant, kusele insila eningi engashi nomlotha, engena ngaphakathi. isihlungi.

Iqiniso lesibili liwukuthi ezinye zezinto ezenziwe ngazo isihlungi (okungukuthi, i-platinum) azibekezeleli imiphumela yemikhiqizo evuthayo yamafutha omlotha ogcwele. Futhi lokhu, kuzoholela ekuhlulekeni okusheshayo kwesihlungi.

Ama-nuances wokubekezelelana - Kuhlangana noma Kuvunyelwe

Ngenhla bekuvele kukhona imininingwane yokuthi kuyafiseleka ukusebenzisa uwoyela walezo zinhlobo ezinemvume yabakhiqizi bezimoto abathize. Nokho, kukhona ubuqili lapha. Kunamagama amabili esiNgisi - Meets and Approved. Esimweni sokuqala, inkampani kawoyela ithi imikhiqizo yayo ihlangabezana ngokugcwele nezidingo zohlobo oluthile lomshini. Kodwa lesi yisitatimende esivela kumkhiqizi kawoyela, hhayi umenzi wezimoto nhlobo! Angase angazi nakancane ngakho. Ngisho, kuwuhlobo oluthile lokukhangisa emphakathini.

Isibonelo sombhalo Ukuvunywa ku-canister

Igama elithi Vunyiwe lihunyushelwa olimini lwesi-Russian njengeliqinisekisiwe, ligunyaziwe. Okusho ukuthi, kwakuyi-automaker eyenza izivivinyo ezifanele zaselabhorethri futhi yanquma ukuthi amafutha athile afanele ama-ICE abawakhiqizayo. Eqinisweni, ucwaningo olunjalo lubiza izigidi zamaRandi, yingakho abakhiqizi bezimoto bevame ukonga imali. Ngakho-ke, kungenzeka ukuthi uwoyela owodwa kuphela uhlolwe, futhi ezincwajaneni zokukhangisa ungathola ulwazi ukuthi umugqa wonke uhlolwe. Nokho, kulokhu, ukuhlola ulwazi kulula kakhulu. Udinga nje ukuya kuwebhusayithi esemthethweni ye-automaker futhi uthole ulwazi mayelana nokuthi yimaphi amafutha nokuthi yimaphi amamodeli anezimvume ezifanele.

Abakhiqizi bezimoto baseYurophu nabasemhlabeni jikelele benza izivivinyo zamakhemikhali zamafutha empeleni, besebenzisa imishini yaselabhorethri kanye nobuchwepheshe. Abakhiqizi bezimoto basekhaya, ngakolunye uhlangothi, balandela indlela yokumelana okuncane, okungukuthi, bamane baxoxisane nabakhiqizi bakawoyela. Ngakho-ke, kufanelekile ukukholelwa ekubekezeleni kwezinkampani zasekhaya ngokuqapha (ngenhloso yokulwa nokukhangisa, ngeke sisho igama le-automaker yasekhaya eyaziwayo kanye nomunye umkhiqizi kawoyela wasekhaya obambisana ngale ndlela).

Amafutha okonga amandla

Amafutha okuthiwa "wonga amandla" manje angatholakala emakethe. Okusho ukuthi, ngombono, zenzelwe ukonga ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli. Lokhu kufezwa ngokunciphisa izinga lokushisa eliphezulu le-viscosity. Kukhona inkomba enjalo - Ukushisa okuphezulu / High shear viscosity (HT / HS). Futhi ingeyamafutha onga amandla ebangeni elisuka ku-2,9 ukuya ku-3,5 MPa•s. Kodwa-ke, kuyaziwa ukuthi ukwehla kwe-viscosity kuholela ekuvikelweni okubuthakathaka kwendawo yezingxenye zenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi. Ngakho-ke, awukwazi ukuwagcwalisa noma kuphi! Angasetshenziswa kuphela kuma-ICE aklanyelwe wona ngokukhethekile.

Isibonelo, abakhiqizi bezimoto abanjengoBMW kanye neMercedes-Benz abancomi ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha okugcina amandla. Kodwa abakhiqizi bezimoto abaningi baseJapane, ngokuphambene nalokho, baphikelela ekusetshenzisweni kwabo. Ngakho-ke, ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nokuthi kungenzeka yini ukugcwalisa amafutha awonga amandla enjini evuthayo yangaphakathi yemoto yakho kufanele itholakale kumanuwali noma imibhalo yobuchwepheshe yemoto ethile.

Ukuqonda kanjani ukuthi lokhu kungamafutha okugcina amandla phambi kwakho? Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukusebenzisa amazinga e-ACEA. Ngakho-ke, amafutha ayenziwe I-A1 ne-A5 yezinjini zikaphethroli kanye ne-B1 ne-B5 yezinjini zikadizili ziwonga amandla. Ezinye (A3, B3, B4) zijwayelekile. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi isigaba se-ACEA A1/B1 sikhanseliwe kusukela ngo-2016 njengoba sithathwa njengesiphelelwe yisikhathi. Ngokuqondene ne-ACEA A5 / B5, kwenqatshelwe ngokuqondile ukuwasebenzisa kuma-ICE emiklamo ethile! Isimo siyefana nesigaba C1. Njengamanje, ibhekwa njengengasebenzi, okungukuthi, ayikhiqizwa, futhi ayivamile kakhulu ukudayiswa.

Amafutha enjini yesibhakela

Injini yesibhakela ifakwe kumamodeli amaningi ezimoto zanamuhla, ngokwesibonelo, cishe kuwo wonke amamodeli we-Japanese automaker Subaru. I-motor inomklamo othakazelisayo futhi okhethekile, ngakho ukukhethwa kwamafutha kubaluleke kakhulu.

Into yokuqala okumele uyiqaphele - Uketshezi lokonga amandla lwe-ACEA A1/A5 alunconyelwe ezinjinini zamabhokisi e-Subaru. Lokhu kungenxa yokuklama kwenjini, imithwalo eyengeziwe ku-crankshaft, amajenali amancane e-crankshaft, nomthwalo omkhulu endaweni yezingxenye. Ngakho-ke, maqondana nezinga le-ACEA, ke kungcono ukugcwalisa amafutha ngenani le-A3, okungukuthi, ukuze isilinganiso sokushisa Okuphezulu/I-high shear viscosity isilinganiso sibe ngaphezu kwevelu engu-3,5 MPa•s. Khetha i-ACEA A3/B3 (ACEA A3/Ukugcwaliswa kwe-B4 AKUnconyiwe).

Abathengisi be-American Subaru kuwebhusayithi yabo esemthethweni babika ukuthi ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima zokusebenza kwezimoto, udinga ukushintsha uwoyela njalo ngama-refuelings amabili ethangi eligcwele likaphethiloli. Uma ukusetshenziswa kukadoti kudlula ilitha elilodwa ngamakhilomitha angu-2000, kufanele kwenziwe ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe kwenjini.

Uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-boxer injini yomlilo yangaphakathi

Ngokuqondene ne-viscosity, konke kuncike ezingeni lokuwohloka kwemoto, kanye nemodeli yayo. Iqiniso liwukuthi izinjini zokuqala zesibhakela zihlukile kozakwabo abasha ngobukhulu bezingxenye eziphambanayo zamashaneli kawoyela. Kuma-ICE amadala, abanzi, kwabasha, ngokulandelana, mancane. Ngakho-ke, akufaneleki ukuthululela uwoyela we-viscous kakhulu ku-boxer injini yomlilo yangaphakathi yamamodeli amasha. Isimo siba sibi kakhulu uma kune-turbine. Ayidingi futhi okokugcoba okune-viscous ukuyipholisa.

Ngakho-ke, isiphetho singenziwa kanje: okokuqala, thatha isithakazelo ezincomo ze-automaker. Iningi labanikazi bezimoto abanolwazi lwezimoto ezinjalo bagcwalisa izinjini ezintsha ngamafutha nge-viscosity ye-0W-20 noma i-5W-30 (okungukuthi, ihambisana ne-Subaru FB20 / FB25 injini). Uma injini ine-mileage ephezulu noma umshayeli unamathela kusitayela sokushayela esixubile, kungcono ukugcwalisa okuthile nge-viscosity ye-5W-40 noma i-5W-50.

Ezinjinini zangaphakathi ezivuthayo zezimoto zezemidlalo ezifana ne-Subaru WRX, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa uwoyela wokwenziwa.

Izinjini zokubulala uwoyela

Kuze kube manje, kunamakhulu emiklamo ehlukene yezinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi emhlabeni. Abanye abantu badinga ukugcwalisa amafutha kaningi, abanye kancane kancane. Futhi ukwakheka kwenjini nakho kuthinta isikhawu sokushintsha. Kukhona ulwazi mayelana nokuthi yimaphi amamodeli athile e-ICE "abulala" ngempela uwoyela othelwe kuwo, yingakho umshisekeli wemoto ephoqeleka ukuthi anciphise kakhulu isikhathi sokuyishintsha.

Ngakho-ke, i-DVSm enjalo ihlanganisa:

• I-BMW N57S l6. Amalitha amathathu e-turbodiesel. Ngokushesha kakhulu kuhlala inombolo alkaline. Ngenxa yalokho, isikhawu sokushintsha uwoyela siyafinyezwa.
• bmw n63. Le njini evuthayo yangaphakathi nayo, ngenxa yokwakheka kwayo, isheshe yonakalise uketshezi lokugcoba, yehlise inombolo yayo eyisisekelo futhi ikhule i-viscosity.
• IHyundai/KIA G4FC. Injini ine-crankcase encane, ngakho okokugcoba kuguga ngokushesha, inombolo ye-alkaline iyacwila, i-nitrate kanye ne-oxidation ivela. Isikhawu sokushintsha sincishisiwe.
• IHyundai / KIA G4KD, G4KE. Lapha, nakuba ivolumu inkulu, kusekhona ukulahlekelwa okusheshayo kwamafutha izici zayo zokusebenza.
• IHyundai/KIA G4ED. Okufana nephuzu langaphambilini.
• I-Mazda MZR L8. Ngokufanayo nangaphambilini, isetha inombolo ye-alkaline futhi ifinyeze isikhawu sokushintsha.
• I-Mazda SkyActiv-G 2.0L (PE-VPS). Le ICE isebenza kumjikelezo we-Atkinson. amafutha angena ku-crankcase, okwenza amafutha alahlekelwe ngokushesha i-viscosity. Ngenxa yalokhu, isikhawu sokushintsha siyafinyezwa.
• I-Mitsubishi 4B12. I-ICE ejwayelekile yama-cylinder kaphethiloli we-ICE, okuthi, noma kunjalo, ingagcini nje ukunciphisa ngokushesha inombolo yesisekelo, kodwa futhi ikhuthaza i-nitrate ne-oxidation. Kungashiwo okufanayo mayelana nezinye izinjini ezifanayo zangaphakathi ezivuthayo zochungechunge lwe-4B1x (4V10, 4V11).
• I-Mitsubishi 4A92... Okufana nangaphambili.
• I-Mitsubishi 6B31... Okufana nangaphambili.
• I-Mitsubishi 4D56. Injini kadizili egcwalisa amafutha ngomsizi ngokushesha okukhulu. Ngokwemvelo, lokhu kwandisa i-viscosity, futhi i-lubricant idinga ukushintshwa kaningi.
• I-Opel Z18XER. Uma usebenzisa njalo imoto lapho ushayela kumodi yasemadolobheni, inombolo yesisekelo yehla ngokushesha.
• I-Subaru EJ253. Injini yomlilo yangaphakathi i-boxer, ibeka inombolo yesisekelo ngokushesha okukhulu, yingakho kunconywa ukunciphisa i-mileage ukuze ishintshwe ibe amakhilomitha angu-5000.
• IToyota 1NZ-FE. Yakhelwe ohlelweni olukhethekile lwe-VVT-i. Inokhrankcase omncane umthamo wamalitha angu-3,7 kuphela. Ngenxa yalokhu, kunconywa ukushintsha uwoyela njalo ngamakhilomitha angu-5000.
• IToyota 1GR-FE. I-Gasoline ICE V6 iphinde inciphise inombolo yesisekelo, ikhuthaze i-nitrate kanye ne-oxidation.
• IToyota 2AZ-FE. Iphinde yenziwe ngokohlelo lwe-VVT-i. Yehlisa inani le-alkaline, ikhuthaza i-nitrate kanye ne-oxidation. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona ukusetshenziswa okuphezulu kwemfucuza.
• IToyota 1NZ-FXE. Kufakwe ku-Toyota Prius. Isebenza ngokuvumelana nesimiso se-Atkinson, ngakho-ke igcwalisa amafutha ngophethiloli, ngenxa yalokho i-viscosity yayo iyancipha.
• I-VW 1.2 TSI CBZB. Inekhrankcase enevolumu encane, kanye ne-turbine. Ngenxa yalokhu, inombolo ye-alkali iyancipha ngokushesha, i-nitrate kanye ne-oxidation zenzeka.
• I-VW 1.8 TFSI CJEB. Ine-turbine kanye nomjovo oqondile. Ucwaningo lwelabhorethri luye lwabonisa ukuthi le moto ngokushesha "ibulala" uwoyela.

Ngokwemvelo, lolu hlu aluphelele, ngakho-ke uma wazi ezinye izinjini ezibhubhisa kakhulu uwoyela omusha, sikumema ukuba ubeke amazwana kulokhu.

Ukwengeza, kufanelekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ama-ICE amaningi ngeminyaka yawo-1990 (ngisho nangaphambili) wonakalisa uwoyela kabi. okungukuthi, lokhu kusebenza ezinjinini ezihlangabezana nezinga lezemvelo le-Euro-2 eliphelelwe yisikhathi.

Amafutha ezimoto ezintsha nezike zasetshenziswa

Njengoba kuphawuliwe ngenhla, isimo semoto entsha nesetshenzisiwe ICE singahluka kakhulu. Kodwa abakhiqizi bamafutha banamuhla badala ukwakheka okukhethekile kubo. Imiklamo eminingi yesimanje ye-ICE inamaphaseji kawoyela amancane, ngakho-ke idinga ukugcwaliswa ngamafutha ane-viscosity ephansi. Ngokuphambene, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, injini iyaguga, futhi izikhala phakathi kwezingxenye zayo ngabanye ziyakhula. Ngakho-ke, kufanelekile ukuthululela uketshezi olugcobayo lwe-viscous ngaphezulu kubo.

Emigqeni yabakhiqizi abaningi besimanje bamafutha emoto kukhona ukwakheka okukhethekile kwezinjini "ezikhathele" ezivuthayo zangaphakathi, okungukuthi, lezo ezinamamayela aphezulu. Isibonelo salezi zinhlanganisela yi-Liqui Moly Asia-America edume kabi. Ihloselwe izimoto ezisetshenzisiwe ezingena emakethe yasekhaya ezivela e-Asia, eYurophu naseMelika. Ngokuvamile, lawa mafutha ane-viscosity ephezulu ye-kinematic, isibonelo, i-XW-40, i-XW-50 ngisho ne-XW-60 (i-X iwuphawu lwe-viscosity eguquguqukayo).

Kodwa-ke, ngokuguga okuphawulekayo enjini yomlilo yangaphakathi, kusengcono ukuthi ungasebenzisi amafutha aminyene, kodwa ukuxilonga injini yomlilo yangaphakathi futhi uyilungise. Futhi uketshezi lokuthambisa lwe-viscous lungasetshenziswa kuphela njengesilinganiso sesikhashana.

Izimo ezinzima zokusebenza

On canister ezinye brand (izinhlobo) uwoyela motor kukhona umbhalo - izinjini omlilo zangaphakathi ezisetshenziswa ezimweni ezinzima. Nokho, akubona bonke abashayeli abazi ukuthi yini esengozini. Ngakho-ke, izimo ezinzima zokusebenza ze-motor zihlanganisa:

• ukushayela ezintabeni noma ezimweni ezimbi zomgwaqo ezindaweni ezimbi;
• ukudonsa ezinye izimoto noma ama-trailer;
• ukushayela njalo esiminyaminyeni sezimoto, ikakhulukazi ngenkathi efudumele;
• sebenza ngesivinini esiphezulu (ngaphezu kuka-4000 ... 5000 rpm) isikhathi eside;
• imodi yokushayela yezemidlalo (kuhlanganise nemodi "yezemidlalo" ekudluliseni okuzenzakalelayo);
• ukusebenzisa imoto emazingeni okushisa ashisa kakhulu noma abanda kakhulu;
• ukusebenza kwemoto lapho uhamba amabanga amafushane ngaphandle kokufudumala uwoyela (ikakhulukazi kuyiqiniso emazingeni okushisa omoya amabi);
• ukusetshenziswa kwe-octane ephansi / i-cetane fuel;
• ukulungisa (ukuphoqa) izinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi;
• ukushelela isikhathi eside;
• izinga eliphansi lamafutha ku-crankcase;
• ukunyakaza okude ekuhambisaneni nokuvuka (ukupholisa kahle kwemoto).

Uma umshini uvame ukusetshenziswa ezimweni ezinzima zokusebenza, ngakho-ke kunconywa ukusebenzisa uphethiloli ngesilinganiso se-octane esingu-98, nophethiloli we-diesel ngesilinganiso se-cetane esingu-51. Ngokuqondene namafutha, ngemva kokuhlonza isimo senjini yangaphakathi yomlilo ( futhi nakakhulu uma kunezibonakaliso zokusebenza kwenjini ezimweni ezinzima ) kufanelekile ukushintshela kumafutha okwenziwa ngokugcwele, noma kunjalo, ukuba nesigaba sokucaciswa kwe-API ephakeme, kodwa nge-viscosity efanayo. Kodwa-ke, uma injini yomlilo yangaphakathi ine-mileage engathí sina, khona-ke i-viscosity ingathathwa ekilasini elilodwa eliphakeme (isibonelo, esikhundleni se-SAE 0W-30 esetshenziswe ngaphambilini, manje ungakwazi ukugcwalisa i-SAE 0 / 5W-40). Kodwa kulokhu, udinga ukunciphisa imvamisa yezinguquko zamafutha.

Ngemva bangaki km ukushintsha uwoyela enjini yangaphakathi amandla omlilo

Isikhathi sokushintsha uwoyela wenjini kufanele sicatshangelwe ngokuya ngezimo zokusebenza, imayela lemoto, ikhwalithi yezinto ezisetshenziswayo kanye nezici eziyi-7. Imvamisa 8-12 ayizinkulungwane km. inkomba jikelele Funda kabanzi

 

Sicela uqaphele ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha esimanje ane-viscosity ephansi kuma-ICE asebenza ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima akunconywa ngaso sonke isikhathi (ikakhulukazi uma kusetshenziswa uphethiloli wekhwalithi ephansi futhi kudlulwa isikhawu sokushintsha uwoyela). Isibonelo, uwoyela we-ACEA A5 / B5 wehlisa insiza iyonke yenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi lapho isebenza kuphethiloli wasekhaya wekhwalithi ephansi (uwoyela wedizili). Lokhu kufakazelwa ukubonwa kwezinjini zikadizili zakwaVolvo ezinohlelo olujwayelekile lomjovo wesitimela. Isamba sezinsiza zabo sehla cishe ngesigamu.

Ngokuqondene nokusetshenziswa kwamafutha ahwamuka kalula i-SAE 0W-30 ACEA A5 / B5 emazweni e-CIS (ikakhulukazi nge-diesel ICEs), kunenkinga efanayo, okungukuthi endaweni ye-post-Soviet kuneziteshi zikaphethiloli ezimbalwa kakhulu lapho ingagcwalisa uphethiloli wekhwalithi ephezulu we-Euro standard -5. Futhi ngenxa yokuthi uwoyela wesimanje we-viscosity ophansi uhambisana nophethiloli wekhwalithi ephansi, lokhu kuholela ekuhwamukeni okukhulu kwe-lubricant kanye nenani elikhulu lamafutha emfucuza. Ngenxa yalokhu, indlala kawoyela yenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi nokuguga kwayo okuphawulekayo kungabonwa.

ngakho-ke, isixazululo esingcono kakhulu kuleli cala kungaba ukusebenzisa amafutha enjini enomlotha ophansi Ama-SAP aphansi - i-ACEA C4 kanye nama-Mid SAPs - i-ACEA C3 noma i-C5, i-viscosity SAE 0W-30 ne-SAE 0W-40 yezinjini zikaphethiloli kanye ne-SAE 0 / 5W- 40 ezinjini zikadizili ezinezihlungi zezinhlayiya uma kusetshenziswa uphethiloli osezingeni eliphezulu. Ngokuhambisana nalokhu, kufanelekile ukunciphisa imvamisa yokususa hhayi kuphela isihlungi sikawoyela namafutha enjini, kodwa nesihlungi somoya (okungukuthi, kabili njengoba kukhonjisiwe izimo zokusebenza zemoto e-European Union).

Ngakho-ke, eRussian Federation nakwamanye amazwe angemva kweSoviet, kufanelekile ukusebenzisa amafutha omlotha aphakathi nendawo futhi aphansi ane-ACEA C3 ne-C4 imininingwane ngokuhlanganiswa nophethiloli we-Euro-5. Ngale ndlela, kungenzeka ukufeza ukunciphisa ukugqokwa kwezakhi zeqembu le-cylinder-piston kanye ne-crank mechanism, kanye nokugcina i-piston nendandatho ihlanzekile.

Amafutha enjini ye-turbo

Enjinini evuthayo yangaphakathi ene-turbocharged, uwoyela ngokuvamile uhluka kancane kwejwayelekile "eshibhile". Cabangela lolu daba lapho ukhetha uwoyela wenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi ye-TSI, ekhiqizwe ngabakwa-VAG kwamanye amamodeli akwaVolkswagen kanye ne-Skoda. Lezi izinjini zikaphethiloli ezine-twin turbocharging kanye nesistimu yomjovo kaphethiloli “ongqimba”.

Kuyaphawuleka. ukuthi kunezinhlobo eziningana zama-ICEs anevolumu engu-1 kuya ku-3 wamalitha ngevolumu, kanye nezizukulwane ezimbalwa. Ukukhethwa kwamafutha enjini ngokuqondile kuncike kulokhu. Izizukulwane zokuqala zazinokubekezelelana okuphansi (okungukuthi 502/505), kanti izinjini zesizukulwane sesibili (ezikhishwe ngo-2013 futhi kamuva) sezivele zinemvume engu-504/507.

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, amafutha omlotha ophansi (Low SAPS) angasetshenziswa kuphela ngophethiloli wezinga eliphezulu (okuvame ukuba yinkinga emazweni e-CIS). Uma kungenjalo, ukuvikelwa kwezingxenye zenjini kusuka ohlangothini lwamafutha kuncishiswa ku-"cha". Ukweqa imininingwane, singasho lokhu: uma uqinisekile ukuthi uthela uphethiloli wekhwalithi enhle ethangini, kufanele usebenzise uwoyela onezimvume ezingama-504/507 (Yebo, uma lokhu kungangqubuzani nezincomo eziqondile zomenzi). ). Uma uphethiloli osetshenzisiwe awulungile kakhulu (noma ungaqiniseki ngakho), kungcono ukugcwalisa amafutha alula futhi ashibhile 502/505.

Ngokuqondene ne-viscosity, ekuqaleni kuyadingeka ukuqhubeka nezidingo ze-automaker. Ngokuvamile, abashayeli basekhaya bagcwalisa izinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi zezimoto zabo ngamafutha nge-viscosity ye-5W-30 ne-5W-40. Ungatheli uwoyela awugqinsi kakhulu (ene-viscosity ephezulu yokushisa engu-40 noma ngaphezulu) enjinini evuthayo yangaphakathi ene-turbocharged. Uma kungenjalo, isistimu yokupholisa ye-turbine izophulwa.

Ukukhethwa kwamafutha enjini ezinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi kugesi

Abashayeli abaningi bahlomisa izimoto zabo ngemishini ye-LPG ukuze bonge kuphethiloli. Kodwa-ke, ngesikhathi esifanayo, akubona bonke abazi ukuthi uma imoto igijima kuphethiloli wegesi, kufanele kucatshangelwe ama-nuances amaningana abalulekile lapho ukhetha uwoyela wenjini yenjini yayo yangaphakathi evuthayo.

Izinga Lokushisa. Amafutha amaningi enjini abakhiqizi bawo abathi alungele ama-ICE aqhunyiswa ngegesi anebanga lokushisa elisephaketheni. Futhi impikiswano eyisisekelo yokusebenzisa uwoyela okhethekile iwukuthi igesi iyasha ngezinga lokushisa eliphakeme kunophethiloli. Eqinisweni, izinga lokushisa lomlilo likaphethiloli ku-oxygen lingaba +2000 ... + 2500 ° С, i-methane - +2050 ... + 2200 ° С, ne-propane-butane - +2400 ... + 2700 ° С.

Ngakho-ke, abanikazi bezimoto ze-propane-butane kuphela kufanele bakhathazeke ngebanga lokushisa. Futhi noma kunjalo, empeleni, izinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi azivamile ukufinyelela emazingeni okushisa abucayi, ikakhulukazi ngokuqhubekayo. Uwoyela ohloniphekile ungase uyivikele imininingwane yenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi. Uma une-HBO efakelwe i-methane, akukho-ke okufanele ukhathazeke ngakho.

Okuqukethwe komlotha. Ngenxa yokuthi igesi iyasha ekushiseni okuphezulu, kunengozi yokwanda kwe-carbon deposits kuma-valve. Akunakwenzeka ukusho ukuthi ungakanani umlotha ozoba ngaphezulu, ngoba kuncike ezintweni eziningi, kuhlanganise nekhwalithi yamafutha namafutha enjini. Kodwa-ke, noma kungaba njalo, ku-ICE ene-LPG kungcono ukusebenzisa uwoyela wemoto omlotha ophansi. Banemibhalo ku-canister mayelana nokubekezelelana kwe-ACEA C4 (ungasebenzisa futhi umlotha ophakathi nendawo i-C5) noma umbhalo we-Low SAPS. Cishe bonke abakhiqizi abaziwayo bamafutha ezimoto banamafutha omlotha ophansi emgqeni wabo.

Ukuhlukaniswa nokubekezelelana. Uma uqhathanisa ukucaciswa nokubekezelelana kwabakhiqizi bezimoto emathini omlotha ophansi kanye nowoyela okhethekile "wegesi", uzoqaphela ukuthi afanayo noma afana kakhulu. Isibonelo, kuma-ICE asebenza ku-methane noma ku-propane-butane, kwanele ukuthobela le mibandela elandelayo:

• I-ACEA C3 noma ngaphezulu (amafutha omlotha aphansi);
• I-API SN / CF (noma kunjalo, kulokhu, awukwazi ukubheka ukubekezelelana kweMelika, ngoba ngokwezigaba zabo awekho amafutha omlotha ophansi, kodwa kuphela "umlotha ophakathi" - Middle SAPS);
• I-BMW Longlife-04 (uma uthanda, kungase kube nanoma yikuphi ukugunyazwa okuzenzakalelayo okufanayo).

Ububi obubalulekile bamafutha "wegesi" omlotha ophansi yintengo yawo ephezulu. Kodwa-ke, lapho ukhetha eyodwa noma enye yemikhiqizo yayo, udinga ukukhumbula ukuthi akukho cala okufanele unciphise isigaba samafutha agcwaliswayo uma kuqhathaniswa nalokho okunconywe umenzi wemoto.

Kuma-ICE akhethekile asebenza ngegesi kuphela (ayikho ingxenye kaphethiloli kuwo), ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha "egesi" kuyimpoqo. Izibonelo izinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi zamanye amamodeli ama-forklift e-warehouse noma izinjini zamajeneretha kagesi asebenzisa igesi yemvelo.

Imvamisa, uma ushintsha uwoyela "wegesi", abashayeli bayaqaphela ukuthi unomthunzi olula kunoketshezi lokugcoba lwakudala. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi igesi inokungcola okumbalwa uma kuqhathaniswa nophethiloli. Nokho lokhu AKUSHO ukuthi uwoyela "wegesi" udinga ukushintshwa kancane! Eqinisweni, ngenxa yokuthi izinhlayiya eziqinile ezishiwo kugesi zincane, izithasiselo zokuhlanza zenza umsebenzi wazo kahle impela. Kodwa ngokuqondene nokucindezela okukhulu nezithasiselo ze-antiwear, zisebenza ngendlela efanayo lapho injini evuthayo yangaphakathi isebenzisa uphethiloli. Bavele bangakhombisi ukuguga ngokubona. Ngakho-ke, isikhawu sokushintsha uwoyela kukho kokubili igesi nophethiloli sisafana! ngakho-ke, ukuze ungakhokhi uwoyela okhethekile "wegesi", ungathenga kuphela umlingani wawo womlotha ophansi ngokubekezelelana okufanele.