Ayini amafutha okwenziwa

Uwoyela Zokwenziwa ukuhlanganiswa kwamafutha ayisisekelo asuselwa ku-synthetics, kanye nezithasiselo ezinikeza izakhiwo eziwusizo (ukwanda kokumelana nokugqoka, ukuhlanzeka, ukuvikela ukugqwala). Amafutha anjalo afaneleka ukusebenza ezinjini zokushisa zangaphakathi zanamuhla futhi ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu zokusebenza (ukushisa okuphansi nokuphezulu, ukucindezela okukhulu, njll.).

Amafutha okwenziwa, ngokungafani namafutha amaminerali, ekhiqizwa ngesisekelo samakhemikhali ahlosiwe. Lapho ukhiqizwa, uwoyela ongahluziwe, okuyisici esiyisisekelo, uyagaywa, bese ugaywa ube ama-molecule ayisisekelo. ngokuqhubekayo, ngokusekelwe kubo, kutholakala uwoyela wesisekelo, lapho izithasiselo zengezwa khona ukuze umkhiqizo wokugcina ube nezici ezihlukile.

Izakhiwo zamafutha okwenziwa

Igrafu ye-viscosity kawoyela iqhathaniswa ne-mileage

Isici samafutha okwenziwa ukuthi igcina izakhiwo zayo isikhathi eside. Phela, nazo zibekwe esigabeni sokuhlanganisa amakhemikhali. Enqubweni yayo, ama-molecule "aqondisiwe" adalwe, ahlinzeka ngawo.

Izici zamafutha okwenziwa zihlanganisa:

• ukuzinza okuphezulu kwe-thermal kanye ne-oxidative;
• inkomba ephezulu ye-viscosity;
• ukusebenza okuphezulu emazingeni okushisa aphansi;
• ukungazinzi okuphansi;
• i-coefficient ephansi yokungqubuzana.

Lezi zakhiwo zinquma izinzuzo ukuthi amafutha okwenziwa anawo ngaphezu kwe-semi-synthetics namafutha amaminerali.

Izinzuzo zamafutha e-Synthetic Motor

Ngokusekelwe kulezi zakhiwo ezingenhla, sizocabangela ukuthi yiziphi izinzuzo zokwenziwa kwamafutha okwenziwa umnikazi wemoto.

Izici ezihlukile zamafutha okwenziwa	Свойства	Izinzuzo
Inkomba ye-viscosity ephezulu	Ukuqina kwefilimu kawoyela okufanelekile kokubili emazingeni okushisa aphansi naphezulu	Ukuguga okuncishisiwe kwezingxenye zenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi, ikakhulukazi ngaphansi kwamazinga okushisa aphezulu
Ukusebenza kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi	Ukulondolozwa kwe-fluidity lapho kuqaliswa injini evuthayo yangaphakathi ezimeni zamazinga okushisa aphansi kakhulu	Ukugeleza kawoyela okushesha kakhulu ukuya ezingxenyeni ezibalulekile zenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi, okunciphisa ukuguga ekuqaleni
Ukuguquguquka okuphansi	Ukusetshenziswa kukawoyela okuncane	Ukonga ekugcwaliseni uwoyela kabusha
I-coefficient ephansi yokungqubuzana	Ukwakheka kwamangqamuzana kawoyela wokwenziwa okufanayo, i-coefficient ephansi yangaphakathi yokungqubuzana	Ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi, ukunciphisa izinga lokushisa likawoyela
Izakhiwo ezithuthukisiwe ze-thermal-oxidative	Ukunciphisa inqubo yokuguga kawoyela ekuthinteni ama-molecule e-oksijini	Izici ezizinzile ze-viscosity-temperature, ukwakheka okuncane kwamadiphozithi kanye nensiza.

Ukwakhiwa kwamafutha okwenziwa

I-synthetic motor noma uwoyela wokudlulisa uqukethe izingxenye zamakilasi amaningana:

• ama-hydrocarbons (i-polyalphaolefins, i-alkylbenzenes);
• ama-esters (imikhiqizo yokusabela yama-organic acid ane-alcohols).

Umehluko phakathi kwama-molecule wamafutha amaminerali nawokwenziwa

Kuye ukwakheka kanye nezimo ukusabela kwamakhemikhali, amafutha zihlukaniswe izinhlobo ezilandelayo - ezibalulekile, hydrocarbon, polyorganosiloxane, polyalphaolefin, isoparafini, halogen-substituted, chlorine- kanye fluorine-aqukethe, polyalkylene glycol, nokunye.

Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi abakhiqizi abaningi babele amafutha abo incazelo yokwenziwa ngokwemibandela. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kwamanye amazwe ukuthengiswa kwezinto zokwenziwa akukhokhi ntela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amafutha atholakala nge-hydrocracking ngezinye izikhathi abuye abizwe ngokuthi yi-synthetic. Kwezinye izifundazwe, izingxube eziqukethe izithasiselo ezingafika ku-30% zibhekwa njengamafutha okwenziwa, kwezinye - kufika ku-50%. Abakhiqizi abaningi bamane bathenge amafutha ayisisekelo kanye nezithasiselo ezivela kubakhiqizi bamafutha okwenziwa. Ngokuzixuba, bathola izingoma ezithengiswa emazweni amaningi omhlaba. ngakho-ke, inani lemikhiqizo kanye namafutha okwenziwa angempela akhula unyaka nonyaka.

I-viscosity kanye nezigaba zamafutha okwenziwa

Ukungabi nabulungisa - Leli yikhono lamafutha okuhlala phezu kwezingxenye, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ugcine uketshezi. Ukunciphisa i-viscosity yamafutha, ifilimu yamafutha iyancipha. Kuyaphawuleka inkomba ye-viscosity, okubonisa ngokungaqondile izinga lokuhlanzeka kwamafutha esisekelo kusuka ekungcoleni. Amafutha e-synthetic motor anenani lenkomba ye-viscosity ebangeni le-120 ... 150.

Imvamisa, uwoyela wezimoto zokwenziwa enziwa kusetshenziswa amasheya asezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu izakhiwo zokushisa eziphansi, futhi ungowebanga elibanzi lamabanga e-viscosity. Isibonelo, i-SAE 0W-40, 5W-40 ngisho ne-10W-60.

Ukuze ubonise izinga le-viscosity, sebenzisa Izinga le-SAE - Inhlangano YaseMelika Yonjiniyela Bemishini. Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kunikeza ibanga lokushisa lapho uwoyela othile ungasebenza khona. Izinga le-SAE J300 lihlukanisa uwoyela ngezinhlobo ezingu-11, okuyisithupha kuzo ebusika kanti ezinhlanu kuyihlobo.

Indlela yokukhetha i-viscosity yamafutha enjini

Ngokuvumelana naleli zinga, ukuqokwa kuqukethe izinombolo ezimbili kanye nohlamvu W. Ngokwesibonelo, 5W-40. Idijithi yokuqala isho i-coefficient ye-viscosity yezinga lokushisa eliphansi:

• 0W - esetshenziswa emazingeni okushisa afinyelela ku -35 ° C;
• 5W - esetshenziswa emazingeni okushisa afinyelela ku -30 ° C;
• 10W - esetshenziswa emazingeni okushisa afinyelela ku -25 ° C;
• 15W - esetshenziswa emazingeni okushisa afinyelela ku -20 ° C;

Inombolo yesibili (esibonelweni sama-40) yi-viscosity lapho injini evuthayo yangaphakathi ishisa. Lena inombolo ekhombisa ubuncane be-viscosity yamafutha ekushiseni kwayo ebangeni lika + 100 ° С ... + 150 ° С. Uma le nombolo iphakeme, i-viscosity yemoto iphezulu. Ukuze uthole incazelo yezinye iziqalo ebhodweni likawoyela wokwenziwa, bheka isihloko esithi “Ukumaka Uwoyela”.

Izincomo zokukhethwa kwamafutha ngokuya nge-viscosity yawo:

• lapho uthuthukisa insiza yangaphakathi yenjini evuthayo efika ku-25% (injini entsha), udinga ukusebenzisa amafutha ngamakilasi 5W-30 noma 10W-30 isizini yonke;
• uma injini yomlilo yangaphakathi isebenze 25 ... 75% yensiza - 10W-40, 15W-40 ehlobo, 5W-30 noma 10W-30 ebusika, SAE 5W-40 - yonke inkathi;
• uma injini yomlilo yangaphakathi isebenze ngaphezu kuka-75% wensiza yayo, khona-ke udinga ukusebenzisa i-15W-40 no-20W-50 ehlobo, i-5W-40 ne-10W-40 ebusika, i-5W-50 yonke inkathi.

Kungenzeka yini ukuxuba i-synthetic, i-semi-synthetic kanye namafutha amaminerali

Sizophendula ngokushesha lo mbuzo - hlanganisa noma yikuphi amafutha, ngisho nohlobo olufanayo, kodwa abakhiqizi abahlukene kakhulu akunconywa. Leli qiniso libangelwa ukuthi lapho ukuxuba, ukusabela kwamakhemikhali phakathi kwezithasiselo ezahlukene kungenzeka, umphumela wawo ngezinye izikhathi ongalindelekile. Okusho ukuthi, ingxube ewumphumela ngeke ihlangabezane okungenani nezinkambiso noma izindinganiso ezithile. Ngakho-ke, uwoyela wokuxutshwa yiwona omkhulu okokugcina lapho ingekho enye inketho.

Ukuncika kwezinga lokushisa kwe-viscosity

Ngokuvamile, ukuxuba amafutha kwenzeka lapho ushintsha usuka kwelinye uwoyela uye kwelinye. Noma esimweni lapho udinga ukugcwalisa, kodwa amafutha adingekayo awekho. Kubi kangakanani ukuxutshwa kwenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi? Futhi yini okufanele uyenze ezimweni ezinjalo?

Amafutha avela kumkhiqizi ofanayo kuphela aqinisekisiwe ukuthi ayahambisana. Phela, ubuchwepheshe bokuthola kanye nokwakheka kwamakhemikhali kwezithasiselo kuleli cala kuzoba okufanayo. Ngakho-ke, lapho ushintsha uwoyela nezisebenzi ezimbalwa, uzodinga ukugcwalisa uwoyela womkhiqizo ofanayo. Kungcono ukufaka esikhundleni, isibonelo, amafutha okwenziwa ngamafutha amaminerali avela kumkhiqizi oyedwa kunomunye "okwenziwa" komunye umenzi. Kodwa-ke, kungcono ukuqeda ngokushesha ingxube ewumphumela enjini yangaphakathi yomlilo ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Lapho ushintsha uwoyela, cishe u-5-10% wevolumu yawo uhlala enjini yomlilo yangaphakathi. Ngakho-ke, imijikelezo embalwa elandelayo, izinguquko zikawoyela kufanele zenziwe kaningi kunokujwayelekile.

Kukuziphi izimo lapho kudingekile ukusula injini yomlilo yangaphakathi:

• uma kushintshwa umkhiqizo noma umkhiqizi kawoyela;
• lapho kukhona ushintsho ezicini zamafutha (viscosity, uhlobo);
• uma kwenzeka kusolakala ukuthi uketshezi olungaphandle lungene enjini yangaphakathi evuthayo - i-antifreeze, uphethiloli;
• kunezinsolo zokuthi amafutha asetshenzisiwe awezinga eliphansi;
• ngemva kwanoma yikuphi ukulungiswa, lapho kuvulwa ikhanda le-cylinder;
• uma ungabaza ukuthi ukuguqulwa kwamafutha kokugcina kwenziwa kudala.

Ukubuyekezwa kwamafutha okwenziwa

Sikulethela ukukala kwemikhiqizo yamafutha okwenziwa, ahlanganiswayo ngokusekelwe empendulweni yabashayeli bezimoto kanye nemibono yongoti abahlonishwayo. Ngokusekelwe kulolu lwazi, ungenza isinqumo mayelana nokuthi yimaphi amafutha okwenziwa angcono kakhulu.

Amafutha okwenziwa angcono kakhulu ayi-5:

I-Motul Specific DEXOS2 5w30. Amafutha okwenziwa agunyazwe ngabakwaGeneral Motors. Ihluke ngekhwalithi ephezulu, umsebenzi ozinzile ezimweni zamazinga okushisa aphezulu naphansi. Isebenza nganoma yiluphi uhlobo lukaphethiloli.

Impendulo enhle	Impendulo engalungile
Izengezo zisebenza sonke isikhathi sokulawula. Ukushintshwa okuhle kwamafutha eGM.	Bengilokhu ngithela uwoyela we-GM DEXOC 2, iminyaka eyisikhombisa manje futhi konke kuhamba kahle, futhi i-matul yakho, inyuswe ku-inthanethi, njengomuntu oyedwa omuhle wathi shit.
Ingcono ngempela kune-GM Dexos2, injini yomlilo yangaphakathi isithule futhi ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kwehlile. Yebo, alisekho iphunga elivuthayo, ngaphandle kwalokho, ngemva kwe-2 tkm, i-GM yomdabu yayinuka njengohlobo oluthile lwe-palenka ...
Imibono evamile ilungile, ukusebenza kwenjini nokuncipha kokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kanye nokumosha uwoyela kuyajabulisa kakhulu.

SHELL Helix HX8 5W/30. Amafutha enziwe ngokobuchwepheshe obuyingqayizivele obukuvumela ukuthi uhlanze ngenkuthalo izingxenye zenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi kusukela ekuqoqweni kokungcola kanye nokwakhiwa kwe-sediment kuma-node ayo. Ngenxa ye-viscosity ephansi, umnotho wephethiloli uqinisekisiwe, kanye nokuvikelwa kwenjini yangaphakathi yomlilo phakathi kwezinguquko zikawoyela.

Impendulo enhle	Impendulo engalungile
Sengiyiqhube iminyaka engu-6 manje ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Ngavula injini yokushisa yangaphakathi enamafutha ngenani elincane ezindongeni zenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi. Ebusika, ngo-30-35, kwaqala ngaphandle kwezinkinga	Imikhiqizo eminingi mbumbulu.
Ukumbozwa okuhle kakhulu kwefilimu kawoyela yezingxenye zenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi. Ibanga lokushisa elihle. Kuphela+++	Ngokushesha, engangingakuthandi kwakuyizindleko ENKULU yokumosha. ukushayela u-90% emgwaqeni omkhulu. Futhi yebo, intengo iyaxaka. Of izinzuzo - isiqalo ngokuzethemba emakhazeni.
Amafutha asebenze kahle kakhulu. Zonke izakhiwo ezibhalwe emaphaketheni ziyiqiniso. Ingashintshwa njalo ngamakhilomitha angu-10000.	Intengo iphezulu, kodwa ikufanele

I-Lukoil Lux 5W-40 SN/CF. Amafutha akhiqizwa endaweni yeRussian Federation. Igunyazwe abakhiqizi bezimoto abaziwayo njengePorsche, Renault, BMW, Volkswagen. Uwoyela ungowesigaba se-premium, ngakho-ke ungasetshenziswa kuphethiloli wesimanje kakhulu kanye nama-ICE ashajwa ngodizili. ejwayele ukusetshenziselwa izimoto, amaveni namaloli amancane. futhi ilungele izimoto zezemidlalo ze-ICE ezithuthukisiwe.

Impendulo enhle	Impendulo engalungile
NgineToyota camry 1997 litre yango-3, futhi sengineminyaka emihlanu ngithela la mafutha eLukoil Lux 5w-40. Ebusika, iqala kusilawuli kude kunoma yisiphi isithwathwa ngokujika kwesigamu	Ikhula ngaphambi kwesikhathi, ikhuthaza amadiphozithi
Kumele ngisho ngokushesha ukuthi amafutha alungile, intengo ihambisana nekhwalithi! Ezinsizeni zemoto, yiqiniso, bazama ukuthengisa amafutha abizayo, aseYurophu, njll. Uma kubiza kakhulu, ingozi enkulu yokuthatha i-lining, lokhu kuyiqiniso, ngeshwa.	Ukulahleka kwezakhiwo ngokushesha, ukuvikela okuphansi kwenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi
Sekuyiminyaka eminingi ngiyisebenzisa, akukho zikhalazo. Shintsha endaweni ethile njalo ngamakhilomitha angu-8 - 000. Okujabulisa kakhulu ukuthi uma uthatha egalaji likaphethiloli cishe akunakwenzeka ukuthola umgunyathi.	I-Ugar iqale ukubonakala ngemuva kokugijima ibanga lika-2000 km kuyo. Amafutha amahle!

IYONKE IQUARTZ 9000 5W 40. I-Multigrade uwoyela wokwenziwa wezinjini zikaphethiloli nezinjini zikadizili. futhi ilungele izinjini ezine-turbocharged, izimoto ezinama-catalytic converters futhi zisebenzisa uphethiloli oholayo noma i-LPG.

Impendulo enhle	Impendulo engalungile
Amafutha mahle impela, iTotal igcina uphawu luphezulu. Inezimvume ezivela kubakhiqizi abahamba phambili base-Europe: Volkswagen AG, Mercedes-Benz, BMW, PSA Peugeot Citroën.	Ukuhlolwa kokushayela - Ingqikithi yamafutha e-Quartz 9000 Synthetic ayizange isihlabe umxhwele ngemiphumela yayo.
Sengiyishayele i-177'000, ungalokothi ungicasule	Amafutha awumbhedo, mina ngokwami ​​ngenze isiqiniseko, ngawathela ezimotweni ezimbili, ngalalela neseluleko ku-Audi 80 kanye neNissan Almera, ngesivinini esikhulu la mafutha awanawo ama-viscosity, zanyakaza zombili izinjini, ngathatha amafutha phakathi. izitolo ezikhethekile ezahlukahlukene, ngakho-ke ukulethwa okubi akufakiwe !!! Angicebisi muntu ukuthi athele lombhedo!
Ngaphezu kwalawa mafutha, angizange ngithulule lutho futhi ngeke ngiwathulule! ikhwalithi enhle ukusuka ekufakweni esikhundleni kuya kwesinye, hhayi ngisho neconsi, esithwathwaneni iqala ngokujika ingxenye, ilungele zombili izimoto zikaphethiloli nezadizili! Ngokubona kwami, bambalwa kuphela abangaqhudelana nala mafutha!	Asikho isiqiniseko sokuthi angithengi mbumbulu - lokhu kuyinkinga eyisisekelo.

I-Castrol Edge 5W 30. Uwoyela we-synthetic demi-season, ungasetshenziswa kuzo zombili izinjini zikaphethiloli nezinjini zikadizili. ngoba inamakilasi ekhwalithi alandelayo: A3/B3, A3/B4, ACEA C3. Umkhiqizi futhi uthembisa ukuvikeleka okungcono ngokuthuthukiswa kwefilimu kawoyela eqinisiwe eyakha ezingxenyeni. Ihlinzeka ngezikhawu ezinwetshiwe zokudonsa amanzi ezingaphezu kuka-10 km.

Impendulo enhle	Impendulo engalungile
Bengilokhu ngishayela i-Castrol 5w-30 iminyaka emibili manje, amafutha amahle kakhulu ngemva kwezinkulungwane ezingu-15, umbala ngisho nakancane ushintsha, ngisho nalapho imoto igijima, angizange ngingeze lutho, okwanele ukusuka esikhundleni kuya esikhundleni.	Ngayishintsha imoto ngase ngivele nganquma ukuyithela emotweni entsha, ngasuka lapho engishintsha khona ngase ngimangala kabi, amafutha ayemnyama futhi asevele enuka ukuvutha.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nefomu elifanayo leFord elisetshenziswe iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-3, ​​uwoyela uketshezi kakhulu. Injini evuthayo yangaphakathi ithule kakhudlwana. I-Trust ibuyile nomsindo wezinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi okuyisici se-ff2. Ikhethwe ngu-VIN	Bayithelile kwiVW Polo njengoba bekunconywe umenzi wayo. Uwoyela uyabiza, ushiya amadiphozithi ekhabhoni enjinini yangaphakathi evuthayo. imoto inomsindo kakhulu. Angiqondi ukuthi kungani kubiza kangaka

Indlela yokuhlukanisa amafutha okwenziwa

Nakuba i-viscosity yamafutha amaminerali, i-semi-synthetic kanye ne-synthetic ingase ifane emazingeni okushisa athile, ukusebenza kwe "synthetics" kuzohlala kungcono. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukukwazi ukuhlukanisa amafutha ngohlobo lwawo.

Lapho uthenga uwoyela wokwenziwa, kufanele uqale unake ulwazi olukhonjiswe ku-canister. Ngakho-ke, amafutha asuselwa ku-synthetic aqokwa ngamagama amane:

• Kuqiniswe Ngokwenziwa. Amafutha anjalo aqiniswa ngokwenziwa futhi anokungcola kwezakhi zokwenziwa kuze kufike ku-30%.
• Synthetic Based, Synthetic Technology. Ngokufanayo nedlule, noma kunjalo, inani lezingxenye zokwenziwa lapha lingama-50%.
• I-Semi Synthetic. Inani lezakhi zokwenziwa lingaphezu kwama-50%.
• Zokwenziwa Ngokugcwele. Ingamafutha okwenziwa angu-100%.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezindlela ongabheka ngazo uwoyela ngokwakho:

• Uma uhlanganisa amafutha amaminerali kanye "nama-synthetics", ingxube izogoqa. Nokho, udinga ukwazi kahle ukuthi uwoyela wesibili ungowaluphi uhlobo.
• Amafutha amaminerali ahlala eminyene futhi emnyama kunamafutha okwenziwa. Ungakwazi ukuphonsa ibhola lensimbi emafutheni. Embizeni, izocwila kancane kancane.
• Amafutha amaminerali athambile uma uthintwa kunamafutha okwenziwa.

Njengoba uwoyela wokwenziwa unezici ezinhle kakhulu, ngeshwa, inani elikhulu lemikhiqizo yomgunyathi lingatholakala emakethe, ngoba abahlaseli bazama ukwenza imali ekukhiqizeni kwayo. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukukwazi ukuhlukanisa uwoyela wokuqala ku-fake.

Ungayihlukanisa kanjani inkohliso

Ungawahlukanisa kanjani uwoyela wenjini wokuqala kowomgunyathi. (igobolondo helix ultra, Castrol Magnatec)

Kunezindlela ezimbalwa ezilula zokukusiza ukuthi uhlukanise i-canister noma ibhodlela lamafutha enjini mbumbulu kowokuqala:

• Hlola ngokucophelela isivalo kanye nekhwalithi ye-occlusion. Abanye abakhiqizi bafaka izimpondo zokuvala esivalweni (isibonelo, SHELL Helix). futhi, abahlaseli bangamane banamathisele kancane isivalo ukuze bavuse izinsolo zokuvaleka kwasekuqaleni.
• Naka ikhwalithi yesivalo kanye ne-canister (imbiza). Akufanele babe nama-scuffs. Phela, indlela ethandwa kakhulu yokupakisha imikhiqizo yomgunyathi isezitsheni ezithengwe eziteshini zesevisi. Okungcono, ukuze wazi ukuthi i-cap yasekuqaleni ibukeka kanjani (umkhiqizo odumile wamafutha owenziwe ngomgunyathi yi-Castrol). Uma kukhona ukusola okuncane, hlola umzimba wonke we-canister futhi, uma kunesidingo, wenqabe ukuthenga.
• Ilebula lokuqala kufanele linamathiselwe ngokulinganayo futhi ubukeke umusha futhi umusha. Hlola ukuthi inamathiselwe kahle kangakanani emzimbeni we-canister.
• Kunoma yisiphi isiqukathi sokupakisha (amabhodlela, amathini, amathini ensimbi) kufanele kukhonjiswe inombolo yenqwaba yefekthri nosuku lokukhiqiza (noma usuku kuze kube yilapho uwoyela ususebenza).

Zama ukuthenga uwoyela kubathengisi abathembekile nakubamele abasemthethweni. Ungayithengi kubantu noma ezitolo ezisolisayo. Lokhu kuzokusindisa wena nemoto yakho ezinkingeni ezingaba khona.