Kufanele ube yini umfutho kawoyela enjinini? Kungani ingcindezi yehla noma ikhuphuka?
Ukucindezela kwamafutha enjini kuyipharamitha lapho ukusebenza kweyunithi yamandla kuncike khona. Kodwa-ke, uma ubuza umnikazi wemoto ojwayelekile lo mbuzo: "Kufanele kube yini ukucindezela kwamafutha enjini?", Angeke anikeze impendulo ecacile kuyo.
Iqiniso liwukuthi ezimotweni eziningi zesimanje akukho gauge yokucindezela ehlukile ephaneli yensimbi ebonisa le parameter. Futhi ukungasebenzi kahle ohlelweni lokugcoba kuboniswa ukukhanya okubomvu ngendlela yokuchelela. Uma ikhanyisa, khona-ke ukucindezela kwamafutha kuye kwanda kakhulu noma kwehle kumanani abalulekile. Ngakho-ke, udinga okungenani ukumisa imoto futhi ubhekane nenkinga.
Yini enquma umfutho kawoyela enjinini?
Ukucindezela kwamafutha enjini akulona inani eliqhubekayo, kuye ngemingcele eminingi. Noma yimuphi umkhiqizi wemoto ucacisa imikhawulo eyamukelekayo. Isibonelo, uma sithatha idatha emaphakathi yamamodeli ezimoto ahlukene, khona-ke amanani avumelekile azobukeka kanje:
- 1.6 kanye 2.0 litre izinjini zikaphethiloli - 2 atmosphere engenzi lutho, 2.7-4.5 atm. ngo-2000 rpm;
- 1.8 amalitha - 1.3 emakhazeni, 3.5-4.5 atm. ngo-2000 rpm;
- 3.0 litre izinjini - 1.8 on x.x., kanye 4.0 atm. ngo-2000 rpm.
Ezinjini zikadizili, isithombe sihluke kancane. Umfutho wamafutha kubo uphansi. Isibonelo, uma sithatha izinjini ezidumile ze-TDI ezinomthamo wamalitha angu-1.8-2.0, khona-ke uma ungenzi lutho ingcindezi ingu-0.8 atm. Uma uvuselela futhi ushintshela kumagiya aphezulu ngo-2000 rpm, ingcindezi ikhuphukela kuma-atmospheres amabili.
Khumbula ukuthi lena idatha elinganiselwe kuphela yezindlela ezithile zokusebenza zeyunithi yamandla. Kuyacaca ukuthi ngokukhuphuka kwejubane kumandla amakhulu, le parameter izokhula nakakhulu. Izinga elidingekayo liphonswa ngosizo lwedivayisi ebalulekile ohlelweni lokugcoba njengepompo yamafutha. Umsebenzi wayo ukuphoqa uwoyela wenjini ukuthi ujikeleze ejazini lenjini futhi ugeze zonke izakhi zensimbi ezisebenzisanayo: izindonga zamapiston namasilinda, amajenali e-crankshaft, umshini we-valve kanye ne-camshaft.
Ukwehla kwengcindezi, kanye nokwanda kwayo okukhulu, yizimo ezishaqisayo. Uma unganaki isithonjana esivuthayo kuphaneli ngesikhathi, imiphumela izoba mbi kakhulu, ngoba ngesikhathi sokulamba kwamafutha, iqembu elibizayo le-cylinder-piston kanye ne-crankshaft ligqoka ngokushesha.
Kungani umfutho kawoyela ungajwayelekile?
Ukucindezela okwedlulele kuholela eqinisweni lokuthi amafutha aqala ukugeleza aphuma ngaphansi kwezimpawu kanye nesembozo se-valve, angena emakamelweni omlilo, njengoba kufakazelwa ukusebenza okungazinzile kwenjini kanye nokukhipha umoya ngephunga lesici elivela ku-muffler. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amafutha aqala ukucweba lapho izinsimbi ze-crankshaft zijikeleza. Ngamafuphi, isimo asijabulisi, okuholela ekumosheni okukhulu, kuze kufike ekulungisweni okukhulu.
Kungani lokhu kwenzeka:
- amafutha akhethwe ngokungafanele, ama-viscous amaningi;
- amafutha omgunyathi;
- ukuvinjelwa kwamapayipi kawoyela, ama-oilers namashaneli - ngenxa yokuvala noma ukwanda kwe-viscosity;
- isihlungi esivalekile;
- ukungasebenzi kahle kokunciphisa ingcindezi noma i-bypass valve;
- ukucindezela kwegesi ngokweqile ku-crankcase ngenxa yesihlukanisi sikawoyela esinephutha.
Lezi zinkinga zingaxazululwa ngokushintsha amafutha nesihlungi. Yebo, uma ama-valve, isihlukanisi samafutha noma iphampu ngokwayo ingasebenzi ngendlela evamile, kuzodingeka ishintshwe. Ayikho enye indlela yokuphuma.
Qaphela ukuthi umfutho ophezulu yisimo esijwayelekile ngisho nasezimotweni ezintsha. Kodwa uma iqala ukuwa, lokhu kakade kuyisizathu sokucabanga, ngoba noma yimuphi umnakekeli uyazi kahle ukuthi ukucindezela kwamafutha aphansi kuwuphawu lwenjini egugile kanye nokulungiswa okuzayo. Kungani umfutho kawoyela wehla?
Uma silahla isizathu esinjalo njengezinga elinganele ngenxa yokukhohlwa komnikazi wemoto, ezinye izizathu zingaba kanje:
- ukulimala (ukunamathela) kwe-valve yokunciphisa ingcindezi;
- ukuhlanjululwa kwamafutha ngenxa yokugqoka kwe-cylinder head gasket kanye nokungena kwe-antifreeze ku-crankcase;
- i-viscosity enganele yamafutha enjini;
- ukwanda kokuguga kwezingxenye zephampu kawoyela, izindandatho ze-piston, izinsimbi zokuxhuma ze-crankshaft.
Uma kukhona ukugqoka ezingxenyeni zenjini, khona-ke ukwehla kwengcindezi kuhambisana nokuncipha kokucindezela. Ezinye izimpawu ziyakufakazela lokhu: ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kanye nowoyela ngokwawo, ukwehla kwenjini, ukungenzi kahle lapho ushintshela ezinhlotsheni zejubane ezihlukene.
Ngingenzani ukuze ngigcine ingcindezi ingehli?
Okokuqala, udinga ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inzwa yokucindezela isebenza kahle. Lapho ukukhanya okunomshini wokuchelela kuphaneli yezinsimbi kukhanyisa noma uma kukhanya, simisa imoto, sivule i-hood futhi silinganise ingcindezi sisebenzisa i-gauge ekhethekile yokucindezela. Okukhiphayo kwegeyiji yokucindezela kugoqwa endaweni yenzwa enjinini. Injini kufanele ifudumale. Silungisa ingcindezi ku-crankcase ngokungenzi lutho futhi ngo-2000 rpm. Ake sihlole itafula.
Ukuze ingcindezi ihlale ijwayelekile, kufanele uhambisane nemithetho elandelayo:
- gcwalisa amafutha anconywe umenzi ngokwezinga le-viscosity - sesixoxile kakade ngalesi sihloko ku-vodi.su;
- sibheka imvamisa yokushintsha isihlungi samafutha namafutha;
- shayela injini njalo ngezithasiselo noma uwoyela wokushaywa;
- uma izimpawu ezisolisayo zitholwa, siya ekuxilongweni ukuze sihlonze imbangela yakuqala.
Into elula umnikazi wemoto angayenza ukukala njalo izinga likawoyela ku-crankcase nge-dipstick. Uma i-lubricant iqukethe izinhlayiya zensimbi nokungcola, kufanele kushintshwe.
Iyalayisha...
