Ungakhetha kanjani amathayi emoto?

Ukuphepha, ukunethezeka, ukuphatha kanye negunya lemoto yakho kuncike kumasondo afakiwe. Lapho uthenga amathayi amasha, udinga ukunaka ukwakheka kwemoto, izimo zezulu kanye nesimo semigwaqo endaweni lapho kuzosetshenziswa khona imoto, kanye nesitayela sokushayela.

Imaphi amathayi emotweni? Izinhlobo zamasondo

Isimo sezulu kanye nekhwalithi yemigwaqo inquma ukuthi udinga siphi isigaba samasondo.

• Umgwaqo omkhulu noma ihlobo (HIGHWAY) - yokushayela emigwaqweni egandayiwe esimweni sezulu esomile nesinemvula ngenkathi efudumele. Ayifanele ukusetshenziswa ebusika eqhweni noma emigwaqweni eneqhwa.
• Ubusika (IKHWETHO, Udaka + IKHETHA, M+S) - bubambe kahle iqhwa neqhwa. Idizayinelwe ukusetshenziswa esimweni sezulu esibandayo.
• Zonke-zezulu (ALL SEASON noma ALL Weather) - ngokuphambene negama, zifaneleka ikakhulukazi ngenkathi engasebenzi. Kuvunyelwe ukuyisebenzisa esimweni sezulu esishisayo, kodwa hhayi esishisayo, futhi ebusika - ngesithwathwa esincane, kodwa kuphela emgwaqweni owomile, ongenaqhwa futhi ongenaqhwa.
• High-speed (PERFORMANCE) - asetshenziswa kakhulu ezimotweni zezemidlalo kanye nezimoto ezisezingeni eliphezulu. Khulisa ukuphatha futhi unikeze ukubamba okuthembekile endaweni. Banokusimama okushisayo okuphezulu. Uhlangothi olungemuva lohlamvu lwemali luguga ngokushesha kanye nokungakhululeki okwengeziwe emigwaqweni emibi.
• Ijubane eliphezulu lesizini yonke (UKUSEBENZA KWESIKHATHI YONKE) - kuthuthukiswe muva nje futhi kwavela emakethe eminyakeni embalwa edlule.

Kuye ngohlaka, amathayi:

• i-diagonal - ukuthambisa kangcono imithwalo yokushaqeka lapho ushayela emigwaqweni enamaphutha amancane. Banomklamo olula, kodwa kunzima ukulungisa;
• i-radial - ibambe kangcono kune-diagonal. Lawa mathayi aphinde abe nomthamo owengeziwe wokuthwala umthwalo, isivinini esiphezulu, ukunwebeka kwe-radial nokushisa okuncane.

Ngokwendlela yokuvala ivolumu yangaphakathi:

• igumbi - liqukethe isondo kanye negumbi eline-valve. Kuze kube manje, abakhiqizi cishe abalukhiqizi lolu hlobo lwesondo lwezimoto zabagibeli.
• i-tubeless - enokwethenjelwa kakhulu ngenxa yokuntuleka kokucindezeleka okusheshayo. Ukulungiswa okulula kokulimala okulula - kuma-punctures amancane, kusetshenziswa ukunamathisela okukhethekile, kuyilapho isondo lingasuswa emotweni. Inikeza imayela eliningi.

Uhlobo lomdwebo:

• ihlobo - isici esiyinhloko salolu hlobo lwesondo ukukhulisa ukukhishwa komswakama. Ukuze uthole umdwebo, kusetshenziswa imigqa ejulile ye-oblique, etholakala kusukela phakathi nendawo kuya emaphethelweni.
• sonke isimo sezulu - yiba nephethini ye-asymmetric. Iphethini etholakala eduze nengxenye yangaphandle yesondo inomklamo ofanayo nowamathayi asebusika. Eduze kwangaphakathi - kukhona iphethini "ehlobo".   
• ubusika - ngokuvamile iphethini iqukethe izimo zejometri. Futhi, ama-serif amancane agqama ethayini, asiza amathayi ukuthi abambe kangcono ezindaweni ezishelelayo.

Ngokusho kwephrofayili ye-cross-sectional:

• iphrofayili ephansi - ukushayela imoto kulula, ibanga lokubhuleka liphansi ngenxa yendawo enkulu yokuxhumana;
• Iphrofayili ephansi kakhulu - ilungele ithrafikhi enesivinini esikhulu, kepha ikhetha indawo yomgwaqo;
• iphrofayili ebanzi - inketho enhle yezimoto ezinomthamo omkhulu womthwalo.

Ungakhetha kanjani amathayi nokuthi yini okufanele uyibheke?

Into esemqoka okufanele uyicabangele lapho ukhetha lobu ubukhulu. Inefomula yokumelela indawo yonke - A / BC, lapho:

• A ingxenye yesiphambano sephrofayili, okungukuthi ububanzi bayo, ekhonjiswe ngo-mm;
• B - ukuphakama kwesondo, okuboniswa njengephesenti yobubanzi;
• U-C ububanzi beringi yesihlalo yangaphakathi, ikalwa ngamayintshi.

Umdwebo ongezansi ukhombisa isondo elingu-205/55 R16. Futhi, esimweni ngasinye, izinkomba zesivinini kanye nomthwalo neminye imingcele ikhonjisiwe. Uma ufuna ukuqonda ukumakwa kwamasondo, yima kulezi zici. Izimpawu eziyisisekelo nezingeziwe mayelana nolunye ulwazi ngamathayi kuzoxoxwa ngakho ngezansi.

Idijithi yokuqala ngqa kusayizi wozimele (A) ithi ububanzi amathayi. Ethayini elisemdwebeni onobukhulu obungama-205/55 R16, lingama-205 mm. Ukukhethwa kobubanzi kunqunywa izici zemoto. Abashayeli abaningi bezimoto, ukuze benze imoto yabo ibonakale iqinile futhi ibe nokubukeka okunamandla, khetha izihloko ezinobubanzi obukhulu.

Ubude yipharamitha elandelayo ejwayelekile kusayizi wesondo (B). Uma umaka u-205/55 u-R16 kuvela ukuthi ubude bungama-55% obubanzi. Ukuze uyibale, udinga ukwenza izinyathelo ezilula: 205 55% (0,55) = 112,75 mm.

Uma u-B eningi kufomula, isondo liyoba phezulu futhi ngokuphambene nalokho. Le parameter ibaluleke kakhulu lapho ukhetha isondo. Ngakho-ke, lapho ukhetha isondo elinobukhulu be-205/55 R16 esikhundleni se-215/55 R16, kufanele wazi ukuthi ukuphakama kuzokwanda kanye nobubanzi, futhi lokhu akwamukeleki ngaso sonke isikhathi. Amasondo aphezulu angabangela ukushintsha okuya phezulu phakathi nendawo ye-gravity, okunciphisa ukuzinza kwemoto uma ijika emakhoneni futhi kwandise ingozi ye-rollover.

Ukufakwa kwama-athikili anephrofayili ephezulu kuyancomeka ezimotweni ezinokumiswa okuqinile ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukunethezeka kokushayela. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi njengoba ukuhlinzwa kuqhubeka, i-tread iyaguga futhi ubude besondo buyancipha.

Inkomba C kufomula evamile iyachaza ububanzi bokufika amathayi ku-disc. Imodeli emdwebeni, ingamasentimitha angu-16, okulingana no-40,64 cm (i-intshi engu-1 ihambisana no-2,54 cm). Ububanzi berimu elingaphakathi bunquma ubude besondo obuphelele, okuyisamba sobubanzi bediski kanye nokuphakama kwesondo kabili. Ukusebenzisa ifomula 205/55 R16 njengesibonelo, kuvela:

• Ububanzi be-Rim - 40,64 cm.
• Ukuphakama - 112,75 mm, okulingana no-11,275 cm.
• Ukuphakama okuphelele kwesondo kungu-40,64 + 11,275 2 = 63,19 cm.

Ngesikhathi sokusebenza, ukuphakama kwesondo kuyehla ngenxa yokuhuzuka kokunyathela. Ngamathayi ehlobo, ukuphakama kwezinyawo kungu-7,5-8,5 mm, kuma-analogues asebusika - 8,5-9,5 mm.

Imele ini i-R eduze nobubanzi? Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi u-R eduze kobubanzi bendandatho yesihlalo sangaphakathi umele "irediyasi". Kodwa lokhu akunjalo neze, ngoba ukuqokwa okunjalo kubonisa uhlobo lokwakhiwa kwesondo. Uhlamvu R lubonisa ukuthi leli thayi linesidumbu esibomvu. Amathayi amaningi enziwa ngale ntambo ngenxa yokusebenza kangcono.

Ngenxa yohlamvu R, inkulumo ephikelelayo ethi “i-radius yamasondo” yavela. Kodwa kwanele ukwenza izibalo ezilula ukuphikisa le nguqulo. Uma u-R16 usho ukuthi "radius 16" ngabe isondo libe phezulu kangakanani uma ububanzi bungu-2 radii.

Inkomba yesivinini. Emdwebeni wesondo, ubukhulu buboniswa izikhathi eziningana. Ngaphansi kwenombolo 16, inesinye isibizo esengeziwe - 91V. Ukuqokwa kwezinhlamvu inkomba yesivinini. Ipharamitha isho isivinini esiphezulu esitholakalayo semodeli ethile yesondo. Uhlamvu lwezinhlamvu zesiLatini lusetshenziswa ethayini, ungathola inani lejubane etafuleni.

Inkomba yesivinini	Isivinini esiphezulu esivumelekile, km/h
L	120
M	130
N	140
P	150
Q	160
R	170
S	180
T	190
U	200
H	210
V	240
W	270
Y	300
Z	> 300

Inani lale parameter yamathayi emoto lihluka kusukela okungenani ku-40 km / h - incwadi "A" kuya ku-300 km / h - incwadi "Z". Isigaba sejubane sabelwe imodeli ngayinye ngemva kokuhlolwa endaweni ekhethekile. Inkomba V ekumaka 91V ihambisana nesivinini esiphezulu 240 km / h. Umkhiqizi wazisa ukuthi ukusebenza kufanele kwenziwe ngesivinini esingama-10-15% ngaphansi kwenani eliphakeme.

Ekumakeni kwe-91V, inombolo engu-91 isho inkomba yomthwalo. Inkomba yomthwalo ichazwa kusetshenziswa ithebula. Kuye ngezwe lendabuko, ukuqokwa komthwalo ngamakhilogremu noma amakhilogremu kungase kuhluke. Ngakho, inani 91 ihambisana 615 kg. Ikhombisa ukuthi isondo elilodwa lingakwazi ukumelana nenani elikhulu elivumelekile uma lisebenza ngaphansi kwezimo ezinomfutho omkhulu ngaphakathi.

Ezimotweni zabagibeli, izinkomba ezisuka ku-50 kuye kweziyi-100 zijwayelekile, ezinkomba ezingaphezu kwe-100, kuvezwa amanani amathayi wamaloli. Inkomba yomthwalo wamabhasi amancane namaloli ibaluleke kakhulu, ngakho kufanele ibhekwe. Ezimotweni zabagibeli, le parameter ivame ukwenziwa nge-margin, ngakho-ke ayidlali indima enqumayo lapho ukhetha amathayi. Kodwa abakhiqizi batusa ngokuqinile ukuthi bangadluli amanani e-threshold, njengoba lokhu kuholela ekuguqulweni kwamasondo futhi kubangele izingozi emgwaqweni.

Ngaphezu kwezici eziyisisekelo, ubuso besondo busetshenziswa Ulwazi Olwengeziwe. Lapha ungabona idethi yokukhiqiza futhi uhlole "ubusha" bomkhiqizo. Imikhiqizo iphinde ikhombise uhlobo lwayo:

• Amathayi angenawo amashubhu amakwe ngokuthi TL (TubeLess). Umdwebo owethulwe ubonisa kahle imodeli ye-tubeless (into No. 8).
• Ama-athikili anekamelo ahlonzwa njenge-TT (Uhlobo Lwethubhu).

Yiluphi olunye ulwazi olusiza ukutholwa ukumaka amathaya:

2 - TWI, ukuqokwa kwendawo yenkomba yokuguga.

3 - isixwayiso sengozi uma kwenzeka ungathobeli izincomo zomenzi.

I-4 - umthwalo ophezulu ovumelekile nokucindezela.

6 - inombolo yamabhola, uhlobo lwentambo yesidumbu kanye nemuva.

7 - izinga lekhwalithi yesondo ngokwezinga lase-US.

10 - ukuhambisana nezinga lase-US.

11 - usuku lokukhiqiza.

12 - uphawu lwe-homologation ngokuhambisana nezindinganiso zaseYurophu.

13 - inombolo yesitifiketi sokuvunyelwa sokuhambisana nezindinganiso zaseYurophu.

15 - izwe lendabuko, ikakhulukazi, yi-Ukraine (YENZIWA E-UKRAIN).

17 - I-RADIAL, enye incazelo yokuthi isondo linomklamo we-radial.

Ungakhetha kanjani amathayi emoto?

Enye yezinto okufanele uyinake uma ufuna isondo uhlobo lwemoto. Kubheka umthamo wokuthwala wemoto, kanye nezici zokuklama zamasondo. Ngokuvamile, umenzi unikeza izincomo zokusebenzisa amathayi athile.

Ukukhethwa kwamathayi amaSUV kuhilela ukuhlola inkomba yomkhawulo womthwalo kanye nomthamo womthwalo. Ukuhlola okufanele kunciphisa ukuguga kwamasondo futhi kunciphisa ingozi yezinkinga zokumiswa.

Namuhla, imakethe yamasondo inikeza amathayi azo zonke izinhlobo zezimoto ezizihambelayo ezinamasondo, kusukela ezimotweni namaSUV kuya ezimotweni ezisindayo ezinenhloso ekhethekile.

Ezimotweni zabagibeli, zihlanganisa ukusebenza kahle kokushayela (ukubamba nokubhuleka), izinga eliphansi lomsindo kanye nenkomba yesivinini esiphezulu. Amathayi ezimoto zabagibeli yiwona ajwayeleke kakhulu. Isibonelo sokumaka - 170/70 R14 84 T.

Ezimotweni ezingama-4x4 ezingekho emgwaqeni - zihlukaniswa ngokwenyuka komthamo womthwalo kanye nephethini yokunyathela egqamile enikeza ukuntanta okuphakeme kwangaphandle komgwaqo. Ukumakwa kwamathayi anjalo kunezici, isibonelo, 8.20 R15.

Emabhasini amancane, izimoto ezihwebayo - zibonakala ngokwenyuka kwenkomba yomthamo womthwalo, iphethini yokunyathela elula, nokumelana nokugqoka. I-flip side yalezi zinzuzo iyancipha ukuphatha kanye nokubhuleka. Uhlamvu C luvame ukutholakala umaka amathayi anjalo (isibonelo, 195/70 R14C).

Indlela yokufanisa amathayi nezinsimbi?

Okokuqala, kuyadingeka ukuqondiswa iseluleko somkhiqizi wamasondo ngokusetshenziswa kwama-discs. Ngoba zilinganiselwe emhlabeni wonke. Ngale ndlela, ukusebenza kahle kwesondo nemoto kungaqinisekiswa. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhetha irabha yamadiski ngakho konke ukungathí sina.

Ukukhetha amasondo emoto, kubalulekile ukucabangela izici zabo zobuchwepheshe. Angatholakala ekumaka, okuvame ukumelelwa njengokuthi 5J × 13 FH2, lapho:

• 5 - ububanzi bediski ngamasentimitha (1 intshi - 2,54 cm);
• I-J - imoto edonsa ngawo wonke amasondo (kungase kube nezinhlamvu P, D, B, K no-J noma inhlanganisela yazo);
• I-FH - i-hump (ama-protrusions emashalofini okufika onqenqemeni lokuvala isondo);
• 13 ububanzi bediski ngamasentimitha.

Ukuze ukhethe kahle ama-disc, kubalulekile ukwazi izimiso zokumaka amathayi. Iqukethe ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana nobukhulu bamathayi. Wonke lawa mapharamitha angadingeka lapho kukhethwa amasondo emoto.

Indlela elula ukukhetha amasondo ngohlobo lwemoto. Ukuze wenze lokhu, vele ubheke imiyalo yokusebenza yemoto noma ngaphansi kwesembozo segumbi lamagilavu. Kodwa lokhu akwenzeki ngaso sonke isikhathi. Kulokhu, ungasebenzisa izingosi ezikhethekile. Esizeni esikhethekile, njengomthetho, umsebenzisi uyalwa ukuthi afake unyaka, enze kanye neminye imininingwane yemoto. Ngemva kokufaka ulwazi oludingekayo, uhlelo luzobonisa umphumela.

Ukukhetha amathayi emoto yakho, udinga ukucabangela ama-nuances alandelayo:

• Ama-disc kufanele afane emgodini ophakathi. Uma lokhu kungeke kufezeke, kufanele kusetshenziswe indandatho yokusetha (uma imbobo kudiski inkulu kunalokho okudingekayo).
• Amarimu kufanele abe namandla ngokwanele ukusekela isisindo semoto. Ngokuvamile zenziwa ngomthwalo omkhulu omkhulu. Kodwa uma wenqaba ukukhetha ama-discs ngomkhiqizo wemoto futhi wanquma ukuwahlela kabusha, isibonelo, ukusuka emotweni yomgibeli kuya kolunye uhlobo lwe-crossover, umthwalo omkhulu kufanele ucaciswe. Ingatholakala eshidini ledatha yomkhiqizo. Uma kungenjalo, kufanele uye kuwebhusayithi yomkhiqizi futhi uthole imodeli efanele lapho.

Ukuzama amarimu kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile ngaphambi kokubhula isondo. Lokhu kuzosiza ukugwema isimo lapho noma ngabe yonke imingcele ifanelana, idiski ayivuki njengoba kufanele. Ukufakwa kokuqala kwamadiski emotweni kuzokuvumela ukuthi uhlole ukuthi incike ku-caliper noma ukumiswa.

Ochwepheshe batusa ukukhetha amasondo namathayi amasayizi ajwayelekile, umkhiqizi womshini abonisa ukuthi uthanda. Yingakho inketho engcono kakhulu kungaba ukukhetha amathayi ngomkhiqizo wemoto. Kubaluleke ngokufanayo ukwenza ukufakwa ngendlela efanele, ngoba ukunethezeka kokugibela kuncike ngokuyinhloko kumgangatho wokufakwa.