Iyini ukuminyana kwamafutha egiya?
Yini enquma ukuminyana kawoyela wegiya?
Ukuminyana kwanoma iyiphi i-liquid medium ayikwazi ukubalwa njengesilinganiso se-arithmetic sezingxenye ezifakwe ekwakhiweni kwayo. Isibonelo, uma uxuba ilitha lamanzi elingu-1 nesisindo esingu-1 g/cm3 kanye nelitha elilodwa lotshwala elinomthamo ongu-1 g/cm3, ekukhipheni ngeke sithole amalitha angu-2 oketshezi olunomthamo ongu-0,89 g/cm3. Kuzoba noketshezi oluncane, ngoba ama-molecule amanzi notshwala anesakhiwo esihlukile futhi athatha umthamo ohlukile emkhathini. Ukusabalalisa kwabo okufanayo kuzonciphisa umthamo wokugcina.
Cishe isimiso esifanayo siyasebenza lapho kuhlolwa ukuminyana kwamafutha egiya. Amandla adonsela phansi akhethekile engxenye ngayinye ye-lubricant enza izinguquko zawo enanini lokugcina lokuminyana.
Ukuminyana kawoyela wegiya kwenziwa ngamaqembu amabili ezingxenye.
- amafutha esisekelo. Njengesisekelo, isisekelo samaminerali manje sesisetshenziswa kaningi, kancane kancane - i-semi-synthetic kanye ne-synthetic. Amandla adonsela phansi athile esisekelo samaminerali asukela ku-0,82 kuya ku-0,89 g/cm3. Ama-synthetics cishe alula ngo-2-3%. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ngesikhathi sokuchithwa kwesisekelo samaminerali, amapharafini asindayo namaketanga amade ama-hydrocarbon asuswa kakhulu (i-hydrocracking) noma aguqulwe (i-hard hydrocracking). I-Polyalphaolefins kanye nalokho okubizwa ngokuthi uwoyela wegesi nawo alula kancane.
- Izithasiselo. Endabeni yezithako, konke kuncike ezingxenyeni ezithile ezisetshenzisiwe. Isibonelo, ama-thickening agents anzima kunesisekelo, okwandisa ukuminyana jikelele. Ezinye izithasiselo zingakhuphula kokubili ukuminyana futhi ziyehlise. Ngakho-ke, akunakwenzeka ukwahlulela ngokungananazi ukwenziwa kwephakheji yokwengeza kuphela ngobuningi.
Uma isisekelo samaminerali esisindayo, uwoyela osekulungele ukusetshenziswa ubhekwa kancane kancane.
Yini ethinta ukuminyana kwamafutha egiya?
Amafutha egiya, njengomkhiqizo oqediwe, anesisindo esingama-800 kuya ku-950 kg/m3. Ukuminyana okuphezulu ngokungaqondile kubonisa izici ezilandelayo:
- ukwanda kwe-viscosity;
- okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-antiwear kanye nezithasiselo zokucindezela okukhulu;
- isisekelo esincane esiphelele.
Uketshezi oludluliswayo lwama-automatic transmissions aluvamile ukufinyelela ukuminyana okungu-900 kg/m3. Ngokwesilinganiso, ukuminyana kwamanzi e-ATF kusezingeni lika-860 kg / m3. Amafutha okuhambisa ngomshini, ikakhulukazi amaloli, afinyelela ku-950 kg/m3. Ngokuvamile amafutha e-high density enjalo ane-viscous futhi afaneleka kuphela ekusebenzeni kwehlobo.
Ukuminyana kawoyela wegiya kuvame ukukhuphuka ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Lokhu kungenxa yokugcwala kwe-lubricant ngama-oxides, imikhiqizo yokugqoka kanye nokuhwamuka kwezingxenye ezilula. Ekupheleni kwempilo yabo yenkonzo, amanye amafutha egiya ahlanganiswa abe ngu-950-980 kg/m.3.
Eqinisweni, ipharamitha efana nokuminyana kwamafutha ayinalo inani kumshayeli ojwayelekile. Ngaphandle kocwaningo lwaselabhorethri, kunzima ukusho noma yini eqondile ngekhwalithi noma izakhiwo zayo. Kungenzeka kuphela ngokuqagela okubalulekile ukuhlola ukwakheka kwezithasiselo, inqobo nje uma uhlobo lwesisekelo lwaziwa.
