Iyiphi i-asidi esetshenziswa kumabhethri?

Wake wazibuza ukuthi ngabe ibhethri liqukethe i-asidi futhi uma kunjalo liyini? Uma ungazi futhi unentshisekelo yokufunda okwengeziwe mayelana nokuthi kukhona i-asidi lapho, ukuthi iyini nokuthi kungani ilungele amabhethri owasebenzisayo, hlala ubukele.

Ake siqale phansi ...

Uyazi ukuthi i-lead lead ibhethri elidume kakhulu cishe ku-90% wezimoto zesimanje.

Kukhulunywa nje, ibhethri elinjalo liqukethe ibhokisi lapho kufakwa khona amapuleti (ajwayele ukuhola) kumaseli, asebenza njengama-electrode aqondile nalawo angafaneleki. Lezi zingcwecwe eziholayo zifakwe uketshezi olubizwa ngokuthi i-electrolyte.

Ubunzima be-electrolyte ebhethri buqukethe i-asidi namanzi.

Iyini i-asidi emabhethri?

I-asidi ebhethrini lemoto iyi-sulfuric. I-Sulfuric acid (i-chemically pure sulfuric acid) iwuketshezi oluqinile lwe-dibasic viscous olungenambala nolungenaphunga olunobuningi obungu-1,83213 g/cm3.

Ebhethri lakho, i-asidi ayigxilile, kepha ihlanjululwa ngamanzi (amanzi acolisisiwe) ngesilinganiso samanzi angama-70% kanye no-30% H2SO4 (sulfuric acid).

Kungani le asidi isetshenziswa kumabhethri?

I-Sulfuric acid yi-acid engasebenzi kakhulu esebenza ngokuhlangana cishe nazo zonke izinsimbi nama-oxide azo. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, ngeke sikwazi ukukhipha nokushaja ibhethri. Kodwa-ke, ukuthi izinqubo zokushaja nokukhipha zizokwenzeka kanjani kuncike enanini lamanzi acolisisiwe i-asidi ehlanjululwa ngawo.

Noma ... Isifinyezo esingasinikeza embuzweni wokuthi i-asidi enjani kumabhethri yile elandelayo:

Njalo ibhethri le-asidi eliholayo liqukethe i-sulfuric acid. Le (acid) ayihlanzekile, kepha ihlanjululwe futhi ibizwa nge-electrolyte.

Le electrolyte inokuminyana okuthile nezinga elehla ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngakho-ke kuyasiza ukuwahlola njalo futhi uwenyuse uma kunesidingo.

Ilawulwa kanjani i-electrolyte ebhethri?

Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi unakekela ibhethri lemoto yakho, kunconywa ukuthi ubheke njalo izinga nobuningi besiketshezi esisebenzayo (i-electrolyte).

Ungahlola izinga usebenzisa ingilazi encane noma okucacile ngaphandle kwepeni elilula. Ukukala ileveli, kufanele uskriple amakamelo egumbi lebhethri (lokhu kuhlola kungenzeka kuphela uma ibhethri lakho liqinile) bese ucwilisa induku ku-electrolyte.

Uma amapuleti embozwe ngokuphelele uketshezi futhi uma lumayelana no-15 mm. ngaphezu kwamapuleti, lokhu kusho ukuthi izinga lihle. Uma amapuleti engafakwanga kahle, uzodinga ukukhuphula izinga le-electrolyte kancane.

Ungakwenza lokhu ngokuthenga futhi ungeze amanzi acolisisiwe. Ukugcwalisa kulula kakhulu (ngendlela ejwayelekile), qaphela nje ukuthi ungagcwalisi ibhethri ngamanzi.

Sebenzisa amanzi acolisisiwe kuphela, hhayi amanzi ajwayelekile. Amanzi angenalutho aqukethe ukungcola okungeke nje kunciphise ngokuphawulekayo impilo yebhethri, kepha uma kukhona okwanele, bangakucisha ngqo.

Ukukala ukuminyana, udinga ithuluzi elibizwa ngokuthi i-hydrometer. Lo mshini uvamise ukuba yishubhu lengilazi elinesikali ngaphandle kuthi kube ne-mercury tube ngaphakathi.

Uma une-hydrometer, udinga nje ukuyehlisela phansi kwebhethri, uqoqe i-electrolyte (idivayisi isebenza njenge-pipette) futhi ubone amanani azoyifunda. Ukuminyana okujwayelekile kungu-1,27 - 1,29 g/cm3. futhi uma idivayisi yakho ibonisa leli nani khona-ke ukuminyana kulungile, kodwa uma amanani engekho lapho-ke kuzodingeka ukuthi ukhulise ukuminyana kwe-electrolyte.

Ungayandisa kanjani ukuminyana?

Uma ukuminyana kungaphansi kuka-1,27 g / cm3, udinga ukwandisa i-sulfuric acid concentration. Kunezinketho ezimbili zalokhu: thenga i-electrolyte eyenziwe ngomumo, noma wenze i-electrolyte yakho.

Uma ukhetha inketho yesibili, kufanele uqaphele kakhulu!

Ngaphambi kokuqala umsebenzi, gqoka amagilavu ​​wenjoloba kanye nezibuko zokuphepha bese uziqinisa kahle. Khetha igumbi elingenisa umoya owanele futhi ugcine izingane zikude nawe ngenkathi usebenza.

Ukwehliswa kwe-sulfuric acid kwenziwa emanzini acolisisiwe emfudlaneni / emfucumfucwini omncane. Lapho uthela i-asidi, kufanele uvuse isixazululo njalo ngenduku yengilazi. Uma usuqedile, kufanele umboze into ngethawula bese uyivumela ipholile futhi ihlale ubusuku bonke.

Kubaluleke kakhulu! Thela njalo amanzi endishini kuqala bese ufaka i-asidi kuwo. Uma ushintsha ukulandelana, uzothola ukusabela kokushisa nokushisa!

Uma uhlose ukusebenzisa ibhethri esimweni sezulu esipholile, isilinganiso se-asidi / samanzi kufanele sibe ngamalitha angu-0,36. i-asidi ngelitha elilodwa lamanzi acolisisiwe, futhi uma isimo sezulu sifudumele, isilinganiso singu-1 litres. i-asidi ngelitha ngalinye lamanzi.

Umkhandlu. Ngenkathi ungakwazi ukwandisa ubukhulu bokusebenza ketshezi ngokwakho, isisombululo esihlakaniphile, ikakhulukazi uma ibhethri lakho lidala, ukumane ulibuyisele elisha. Ngale ndlela, akudingeki ukhathazeke ngokuxuba i-asidi kahle, kanye nokwenza amaphutha lapho uxuba noma uthela ibhethri.

Kwacaca ukuthi hlobo luni lwe-asidi emabhethri, kodwa ingabe luyingozi?

I-Battery acid, yize ihlanjululwe, yinto eguquguqukayo futhi enobungozi engagcini nje ngokungcolisa imvelo kodwa engalimaza kakhulu impilo yomuntu. Ukuhogela intuthu ye-asidi akunakwenza nje ukuthi ukuphefumula kube nzima, kepha kungadala imiphumela emibi emaphashini nasemigwaqweni yomoya.

Ukuvezwa isikhathi eside kunkungu yebhethri noma umhwamuko we-asidi kungaholela ezifweni ezinjengamaqhubu aphezulu okuphefumula, ukugqwala kwezicubu, ukuphazamiseka komlomo, nokunye.

Uma isikhumba, le asidi ingadala ububomvu, ukusha, nokuningi. Uma ingena emehlweni akho, ingaholela ekungaboni.

Ngaphezu kokuba yingozi empilweni, i-acid yebhethri nayo iyingozi emvelweni. Ibhethri elidala elilahliwe endaweni yokulahla udoti noma i-electrolyte spill lingangcolisa amanzi angaphansi komhlaba, okuholela enhlekeleleni yezemvelo.

Ngakho-ke, izincomo zochwepheshe zimi kanje:

• hlola njalo izinga nobuningi be-electrolyte ezindaweni ezinomoya
• Uma uthola i-asidi yebhethri ezandleni zakho, zigeze ngokushesha ngesisombululo samanzi nesoda yokubhaka.

Thatha izinyathelo ezidingekayo zokuphatha lapho uphatha i-asidi.

• uma ukuminyana kwe-electrolyte kuphansi, kungcono ukuxhumana nensizakalo ekhethekile futhi ungazami ukukwenza ngokwakho. Ukusebenza nge-sulfuric acid ngaphandle kokuqeqeshwa nolwazi oludingekayo akunakulimaza unomphela ibhethri lakho kuphela, kepha futhi kungalimaza impilo yakho;
• uma unebhethri elidala, ungaliphonsi kudoti, kodwa funa izindawo zokulahla inhlabathi ezikhethekile (noma izitolo ezamukela amabhethri amadala). Njengoba amabhethri ayimfucuza enobungozi, ukulahlwa kokugcwaliswa komhlaba noma iziqukathi kungaholela enhlekeleleni yezemvelo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-electrolyte ebhetri izachitheka futhi ingcolise inhlabathi namanzi angaphansi komhlaba.

Ngokunikela ngebhethri lakho elidala ezindaweni eziqokiwe, ngeke uvikele imvelo nempilo yabanye kuphela, kepha uzosiza nomnotho njengoba amabhethri angavuseleleka angavuselelwa kabusha.
Sithemba ukuthi silethe ukucaciseleka okuncane ukuthi luhlobo luni lwe-asidi emabhethri nokuthi kungani le asidi ethile isetshenziswa. Siyethemba futhi ukuthi ngokuzayo lapho kufanele ufake ibhethri lakho elisha, uzokwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi elidala lisetshenziselwa ukwenza kabusha izinto, ukuze zingangcolisi imvelo noma zilimaze impilo yabantu.

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

Ingakanani ukugcwala kwe-asidi ebhethrini? Amabhethri e-lead-acid asebenzisa i-sulfuric acid. Ihlanganiswe namanzi acwecwe. Iphesenti le-asidi yi-30-35% yevolumu ye-electrolyte.

Iyini i-sulfuric acid esebhethrini? Uma eshajwe, amapuleti avumayo akhulula ama-electron, kuyilapho amapuleti anegethivu amukela i-lead oxide. Ngesikhathi sokukhishwa, inqubo ehlanekezelwe iyenzeka ngokumelene nesizinda se-sulfuric acid.

Kwenzekani uma i-asidi yebhethri ingena esikhumbeni? Uma usebenzisa i-electrolyte ngaphandle kwempahla yokuzivikela (amagilavu, i-respirator nezibuko), khona-ke ukushiswa kwamakhemikhali kuzokwakheka lapho i-asidi ihlangana nesikhumba.