Ungashaja kanjani ibhethri lemoto?

Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwenjini, ibhethri (ibhethri), kungakhathaliseki ukuthi hlobo luni (elisetshenziswayo noma elingagadiwe), lishajwa kabusha kujeneretha yemoto. Ukulawula ukushajwa kwebhethri kujeneretha, idivayisi ebizwa ngokuthi i-relay-regulator iyafakwa. Ikuvumela ukuthi unikeze ibhethri nge-voltage enjalo edingekayo ukuze ushaje ibhethri futhi ingu-14.1V. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukushaja okugcwele kwebhethri kuthatha i-voltage engu-14.5 V. Kusobala ukuthi ukushaja okuvela kujeneretha kuyakwazi ukugcina ukusebenza kwebhethri, kodwa lesi sixazululo asikwazi ukuhlinzeka ngokushaja okuphelele okugcwele kwebhethri. ibhethri. Ngalesi sizathu, kuyadingeka ukushaja ibhethri ngezikhathi ezithile usebenzisa ishaja (ZU).

*Kuyenzeka futhi ukushaja ibhethri usebenzisa ishaja eyisipesheli yokuqala. Kodwa izixazululo ezinjalo zivame ukuhlinzeka ngokushaja kabusha ibhethri elifile ngaphandle kokukwazi ukushaja ngokugcwele ibhethri yemoto.

Eqinisweni, ohlelweni lokushaja, akukho lutho oluyinkimbinkimbi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, umane uxhume idivayisi ukuze ishaje ebhethri ngokwayo, bese uxhuma ishaja kunethiwekhi. Inqubo yokushaja okugcwele ithatha cishe amahora angu-10-12, uma ibhethri lingakhishwa ngokuphelele, isikhathi sokushaja siyehla.

Ukuze uthole ukuthi ibhethri ishajwe ngokugcwele, kufanele ubheke inkomba ekhethekile ekwibhethri ngokwayo, noma ulinganise i-voltage kumatheminali ebhethri, okufanele abe yi-16,3-16,4 V.

Ungashaja kanjani ibhethri lemoto ngeshaja?

Ngaphambi kokufaka ibhethri, udinga ukwenza ezinye izinyathelo. Okokuqala udinga ukukhipha ibhethri emotweni noma okungenani uyinqamule kunethiwekhi esebhodini ngokunqamula ucingo olunegethivu. Okulandelayo, hlanza amatheminali amafutha ne-oxide. Kunconywa ukusula ubuso bebhethri ngendwangu (eyomile noma eswakanyiswe ngesisombululo se-10% se-ammonia noma i-soda ash).

Uma ibhethri inesevisi, udinga futhi ukukhulula ama-plugs emabhange noma uvule i-cap, okuzovumela ukuthi ama-vapor abaleke. Uma ingekho i-electrolyte eyanele kwenye yezimbiza, bese ufaka amanzi acwecwe kuwo.

Khetha indlela yokushaja. Ukushaja kwe-DC kusebenza kahle kakhulu, kodwa kudinga ukuqapha, futhi ukushaja kwe-DC kushaja ibhethri kuphela u-80%. Ngokufanelekile, izindlela zihlanganiswa kusetshenziswa ishaja ezenzakalelayo.

Ukushaja njalo kwamanje

• Umthamo wokushaja akufanele weqe u-10% womthamo olinganiselwe webhethri. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ebhethrini elinomthamo we-72 Ampere-hora, kuzodingeka i-current 7,2 ampere.
• Isigaba sokuqala sokushaja: letha i-voltage yebhethri ku-14,4 V.
• Isigaba sesibili: nciphisa amandla amanje ngesigamu futhi uqhubeke nokushaja ku-voltage engu-15V.
• Isigaba sesithathu: phinda wehlise amandla amanje ngohhafu bese ushaja kuze kube yisikhathi lapho izinkomba ze-watt ne-ampere kushaja ziyeka ukushintsha.
• Ukwehliswa kancane kancane kwamanje kuqeda ingozi yokuthi ibhethri yemoto "ibilisa".

Ukushaja kwamandla njalo. Kulokhu, udinga nje ukusetha i-voltage ebangeni lika-14,4-14,5 V bese ulinda. Ngokungafani nendlela yokuqala, ongashaja ngayo ibhethri ngokugcwele emahoreni ambalwa (cishe 10), ukushaja nge-voltage engaguquki kuthatha usuku futhi kukuvumela ukuthi ugcwalise umthamo webhethri kuze kufike ku-80%.

Ungashaja kanjani ibhethri yemoto ngaphandle kweshaja ekhaya?

Yini okufanele uyenze uma ingekho ishaja eduze, kodwa kukhona indawo yokuphuma eduze? Ungakwazi ukuhlanganisa ishaja elula kusuka ezintweni ezimbalwa nje.

Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwezixazululo ezinjalo kusho ukushaja ibhethri ngomthombo wamanje. Ngenxa yalokho, ukuqapha njalo kwesikhathi nokuphela kokushajwa kwebhethri kuyadingeka.

**Khumbula, ukushaja ibhethri ngokweqile kubangela izinga lokushisa ngaphakathi kwebhethri likhuphuke futhi kukhiphe i-hydrogen nomoya-mpilo. Ukubiliswa kwe-electrolyte "emabhange" ebhethri kubangela ukwakheka kwengxube eqhumayo. Uma inhlansi kagesi noma eminye imithombo yokuthungela ikhona, ibhethri lingaqhuma. Ukuqhuma okunjalo kungabangela imililo, ukusha nokulimala!

Inketho ye-1

Imininingwane yokuhlanganisa ishaja yebhethri yemoto elula:

1. Isibani se-incandescent. Isibani esijwayelekile esine-nichrome filament enamandla angama-watts angama-60 kuye kwangama-200.
2. I-semiconductor diode. Kudingeka ukuguqula amandla kagesi ashintshanayo kumapayipi e-AC asendlini abe amandla kagesi aqondile ukuze sishaje ibhethri lethu. Into esemqoka ukunaka ubukhulu bayo - inkulu, inamandla kakhulu. Asidingi amandla amaningi, kodwa kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi i-diode imelane nemithwalo esetshenzisiwe nge-margin.
3. Izintambo ezinamatheminali kanye nepulaki yokuxhuma kumthombo wamandla wasendlini.

Lapho wenza zonke lezi ezilandelayo, qaphela, ngoba zenziwa ngaphansi kwamandla kagesi aphezulu futhi lokhu kusongela ukuphila. Ungakhohlwa ukuvala yonke isifunda kusuka kunethiwekhi ngaphambi kokuthinta izakhi zayo ngezandla zakho. Faka ngokucophelela bonke othintana nabo ukuze kungabikho ama-conductor angenalutho. ZONKE izakhi zesekethe zingaphansi kwamandla kagesi aphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa nomhlabathi, futhi uma uthinta ukuphela futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo uthinta phansi endaweni ethile, uzoshaqeka.

Lapho usetha isifunda, sicela uqaphele ukuthi isibani se-incandescent siyinkomba yokusebenza kwesifunda - kufanele sishise endaweni ekhanyayo, ngoba i-diode inqamula ingxenye eyodwa kuphela ye-alternating current amplitude. Uma ukukhanya kuvaliwe, khona-ke isifunda asisebenzi. Ukukhanya kungase kungakhanyi uma ibhethri yakho ishajwe ngokugcwele, kodwa izimo ezinjalo azizange ziqashelwe, njengoba i-voltage kumatheminali ngesikhathi sokushaja inkulu, futhi yamanje incane kakhulu.

Zonke izingxenye zesekethe zixhunywe ochungechungeni.

Isibani se-incandescent. Amandla esibani anquma ukuthi iyiphi i-current ezogeleza kusekethe, ngakho-ke owamanje ozoshaja ibhethri. Ungathola i-current yama-amps angu-0.17 ngesibani esingu-100 watt futhi uthathe amahora angu-10 ukushaja ibhethri amahora angu-2 amp (isikhathi samanje esingaba ngu-0,2 amps). Akufanele uthathe isibani esingaphezu kwama-watts angu-200: i-semiconductor diode ingase ishe ngenxa yokugcwala kakhulu noma ibhethri lakho libile.

Ngokuvamile kunconywa ukushaja ibhethri nge-current elingana ne-1/10 yomthamo, i.e. I-75Ah ikhokhiswa i-current ye-7,5A, noma i-90Ah enamandla angu-9 Amperes. Ishaja evamile ishaja ibhethri ngo-1,46 amps, kodwa iyashintshashintsha kuye ngezinga lokuphuma kwebhethri.

I-polarity kanye nokumaka kwe-semiconductor diode. Into esemqoka okudingeka uyicabangele lapho uhlanganisa isifunda yi-polarity ye-diode (ngokulandelana, uxhumano lwe-plus kanye ne-minus terminals ebhethri).

I-diode ivumela ugesi ukuthi udlule ohlangothini olulodwa kuphela. Ngokujwayelekile, singasho ukuthi umcibisholo ekumaka njalo ubheka ukuhlanganisa, kodwa kungcono kakhulu ukuthola imibhalo ye-diode yakho, njengoba abanye abakhiqizi bangase baphambuke kuleli zinga.

Ungahlola futhi i-polarity kumatheminali axhunywe ebhethri usebenzisa i-multimeter (uma i-plus ne-minus ixhunywe kahle kumatheminali ahambisanayo, ibonisa + 99, ngaphandle kwalokho izobonisa -99 Volts).

Ungahlola i-voltage kumatheminali ebhethri ngemuva kwemizuzu engama-30-40 yokushaja, kufanele inyuke ngesigamu sevolthi lapho yehla ibe ngu-8 volts (ukukhishwa kwebhethri). Kuya ngokushajwa kwebhethri, i-voltage ingase inyuke kancane kakhulu, kodwa kusafanele uqaphele izinguquko ezithile.

Ungakhohlwa ukukhipha ishaja lapho uphuma khona, ngaphandle kwalokho ngemva kwamahora angu-10, ingase ishaje, ibilise futhi yonakale.

Inketho ye-2

Ishaja yebhethri ingenziwa ngokuphakelwa kwamandla kusuka kudivayisi yenkampani yangaphandle, njengekhompyutha ephathekayo. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi lezi zenzo zimele ingozi ethile futhi zenziwa kuphela ngengozi kanye nengozi yakho.

Ukuqalisa umsebenzi, ulwazi oluthile, amakhono kanye nesipiliyoni emkhakheni wokuhlanganisa izifunda ezilula zikagesi ziyadingeka. Uma kungenjalo, isixazululo esingcono kakhulu kungaba ukuxhumana nochwepheshe, ukuthenga ishaja eseyenziwe ngomumo noma ukubuyisela ibhethri entsha.

Uhlelo lokukhiqiza inkumbulo ngokwalo lulula kakhulu. Isibani se-ballast sixhunywe ku-PSU, futhi okuphumayo kweshaja eyenziwe ekhaya kuxhunywe kokuphumayo kwebhethri. Njenge "ballast" uzodinga isibani esinesilinganiso esincane.

Uma uzama ukuxhuma i-PSU ebhethrini ngaphandle kokusebenzisa isibani se-ballast kumjikelezo kagesi, ungakwazi ukukhubaza ngokushesha kokubili ukunikezwa kwamandla ngokwawo kanye nebhethri.

Kufanele isinyathelo ngesinyathelo ukhethe isibani oyifunayo, uqale ngezilinganiso ezincane. Okokuqala, ungakwazi ukuxhuma isilambu sesignali sokujika samandla aphansi, bese kuba isilambu sokujika esinamandla, njll. Isibani ngasinye kufanele sihlolwe ngokwehlukana ngokuxhuma kwisekethe. Uma ukukhanya kuvuliwe, ungaqhubeka nokuxhuma i-analogue enamandla amakhulu.

Le ndlela izosiza ukuthi ingalimazi ukunikezwa kwamandla. Okokugcina, sengeza ukuthi ukushiswa kwesibani se-ballast kuzobonisa ukushaja kwebhethri kusuka kudivayisi enjalo eyenziwe ekhaya. Ngamanye amazwi, uma ibhethri lishaja, isibani sizokhanya, noma silufifi kakhulu.

Ungashaja kanjani ibhethri lemoto ngokushesha?

Kodwa kuthiwani uma udinga ukushaja ngokushesha ibhethri yemoto efile futhi awekho amahora angu-12 ngenqubo evamile? Isibonelo, uma ibhethri ifile, kodwa udinga ukuhamba. Ngokusobala, esimweni esinjalo, ukushajwa okuphuthumayo kuzosiza, ngemva kwalokho ibhethri izokwazi ukuqala injini yemoto, okusele kuzoqedwa yi-generator.

Ukushajwa kabusha ngokushesha, ibhethri alikhishwa endaweni yalo evamile. Amatheminali kuphela anqanyuliwe. Inqubo imi kanje:

1. Vala ukuthuthwa kwemoto.
2. Susa amatheminali
3. Xhuma izintambo zeshaja ngale ndlela: "plus" kuya "plus" yebhethri, "minus" kuya "kubuningi".
4. Xhuma ishaja kunethiwekhi engu-220 V.
5. Setha inani eliphezulu lamanje.

Ngemva kwemizuzu engu-20 (ubukhulu obungama-30), nqamula idivayisi ukuze ishaje. Lesi sikhathi emandleni aphezulu kufanele anele ukushaja ibhethri ukuqalisa injini yemoto. Kungcono ukusebenzisa le ndlela kuphela ezimweni lapho ukushaja okuvamile kungenakwenzeka.