Ubuqili bokukhetha nokusebenzisa uwoyela wenjini

    Kuningi osekuke kwashiwo futhi kwabhalwa ngowoyela wenjini kangangoba sekuyinto engathi shu noma ukubika okusha. Wonke umuntu uyazi konke, kodwa noma kunjalo, kusenemibuzo eminingi mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwamafutha. Yilokhu okusebenzisekayo okuziqoqele izinganekwane eziningi njengokuthi "awukwazi ukukushintsha, kodwa wengeze okusha njengoba ukusebenzisa" noma "kumnyama - sekuyisikhathi sokukushintsha." Ake sizame ukuqonda izindaba eziyimpikiswano kakhulu kanye nemibono eyiphutha evamile.

Izici eziyinhloko zamafutha emoto

     Wonke amafutha anezinkomba eziningi, kodwa umthengi kufanele abe nesithakazelo kwezimbili kuphela zazo: ikhwalithi (ukuthi izongena yini imoto) kanye i-viscosity (ukuthi ilungele isizini ezayo). Impendulo yale mibuzo iqukethwe ekulebeni, futhi eyinhloko i-SAE, API, ACEA.

     QAPHELA. Lokhu kumaka kunquma i-viscosity noma i-fluidity yamafutha. Iqokwa ngeyodwa (isizini), kaningi ngezinombolo ezimbili (isizini yonke). Ngokwesibonelo, . Inombolo engaphambi kuka (W) yasebusika iyipharamitha "yasebusika", uma incane, kungcono ukuyisebenzisa esimweni sezulu sasebusika. Inombolo engabhalisiwe W - ipharamitha yasehlobo, ibonisa izinga lokulondolozwa kobuningi ngesikhathi sokushisa. Uma inombolo ingenye, khona-ke ukuba khona kwesibonakaliso se-W kubonisa ukuthi amafutha ebusika, uma kungenjalo, ihlobo.

     *Inkomba ye-viscosity ayibonisi izinga lokushisa uwoyela ongasebenza ngalo. Umbuso wokushisa okhonjiswe ekuphawuleni ubalulekile kuphela ngesikhathi sokuqala injini. Inkomba ye-SAE ibonisa amandla kawoyela okugcina i-viscosity emazingeni okushisa athile ukuze iphampu kawoyela yenjini, ngesikhathi iqala, ikwazi ukumpompa la mafutha afanayo kuwo wonke amaphuzu okugcoba eyunithi yamandla.

     API. Iqukethe inkomba (uhlamvu lokuqala) kaphethiloli - (S) isevisi kanye nodizili - (C) izinjini commercial. Incwadi ngemuva kwalezi zinkomba ibonisa izinga lekhwalithi yezinhlobo ezifanele zezinjini, ezinjinini zikaphethiloli zisukela ku-A kuye ku-J, ezinjinini zikadizili - ukusuka ku-A kuye ku-F (G). Ukwehla kwezinhlamvu zamagama ukusuka ku-A, kuba ngcono. Inombolo 2 noma 4 ngemuva kwenye yezimpawu kusho ukuthi amafutha enzelwe izinjini ezimbili nezine, ngokulandelana.

     Amafutha omhlaba wonke anakho kokubili ukugunyazwa, isb SG/CD. Ukucaciswa okuza kuqala kubonisa okuthandwayo okuzosetshenziswa, okungukuthi i-SG / CD - "uphethiloli owengeziwe", i-CD / SG - "i-diesel eyengeziwe". Ukuba khona kwezinhlamvu ze-EU ngemuva kokuqokwa kukawoyela we-API kusho Ukonga Amandla, okungukuthi, ukonga amandla. Inombolo yesiRoman I ikhombisa ukonga kukaphethiloli okungenani okungu-1,5%; II - hhayi ngaphansi kuka-2,5; III - hhayi ngaphansi kuka-3%.

     I-ACEA. Lesi isici sekhwalithi. Inezigaba ezintathu: A - wezinjini zikaphethiloli, B - wezinjini zikadizili zezimoto kanye no-E - wezinjini zikadizili zamaloli. Inombolo engemuva kwesigaba ikhombisa izinga lekhwalithi. Uma isibalo siphezulu, kuba nzima nakakhulu ukuthi injini ikwazi ukusebenza ngala mafutha.

     Omunye uwoyela uhlukaniswa kuye ngokuthi ukwakheka kube yini zokwenziwa, semi-zokwenziwa и amaminerali. Amaminerali akhipha i-oxidize ngokushesha futhi alahlekelwe izici zawo zokusebenza eziyisisekelo. Ama-synthetic amelana kakhulu nezimo zokushisa futhi agcina izakhiwo zawo isikhathi eside kakhulu.

     Ukukhethwa kwamafutha afanele emotweni kuzoxhomeka ngokuyinhloko ezincomo zesitshalo. Noma iyiphi imoto inamafutha ayo enjini evuthayo yangaphakathi, futhi izici zayo zizobhalwa encwadini yemoto noma kuwebhusayithi yomkhiqizi. Ezincwadini ezifanayo, kunqunyelwe izikhathi zokushintsha uwoyela, okuyinto efiselekayo ukuba ishintshwe ngokuvumelana neziqondiso zomkhiqizi (ikakhulukazi mayelana ne-10 km.).

Izinkinga eziyimpikiswano mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwamafutha

Uma uwoyela eba mnyama, ingabe udinga ukushintshwa ngokushesha, kungakhathaliseki imayela elihanjiwe?

     Cha, ngokwalesi simiso, akufanelekile ukushintshwa. Amafutha ezimoto uhlobo lwengxube yesisekelo (amaminerali, okokwenziwa noma i-semi-synthetic) kanye nezithasiselo ezihlukahlukene ezinquma ukusebenza kwe-lubricant. Futhi lezi zithasiselo nje zincibilikisa imikhiqizo yokusha okungaphelele kukaphethiloli, igcina injini ihlanzekile futhi iyivikele ekungcoleni, okuvela kukho isigcobo sibe mnyama.

     Kulolu daba, kufanele uhambisane nezikhathi ezinconywe umenzi wemoto yakho. Uma ezimotweni zabagibeli bezinhlobo ezahlukene izikhathi zokushintsha uwoyela zingacishe zifane, khona-ke ezimotweni zezentengiselwano, imvamisa kufanele ibalwe kucatshangelwa indlela yokusebenza.

Sonke isimo sezulu sibi ngekhwalithi?

     Eqinisweni, konke akunjalo. Amafutha enjini aklanyelwe ukusebenza unyaka wonke aqinisekisa ukuqala kwenjini okuyimpumelelo, ebusika nasehlobo. Ngakho-ke, abashayeli abaningi bezimoto bakhetha lolu hlobo lokuthambisa.

Uwoyela awukwazi ukushintshwa, kodwa ufakwe phezulu njengoba kudingeka?

     Ngesikhathi sokusebenza, zonke izinhlobo ze-deposit kanye ne-soot kancane kancane ziqoqa emafutheni. Uma ingashintshiwe, kodwa igcwaliswa kuphela, khona-ke yonke le mikhiqizo evuthayo ngeke isuswe ohlelweni. Ngenxa yalokho, ukwakheka kwamadiphozithi kuzosheshisa ukuguga futhi kunciphise kakhulu impilo yenjini. Ngakho-ke, kudingekile ukuthi ungangezi, kodwa ukuguqula amafutha ngokuhambisana nezincomo zomkhiqizi.

     Le nganekwane ilungile uma injini inenqwaba yeqembu le-piston futhi idla amafutha amaningi. Khona-ke ingakwazi futhi kufanele ingezwe ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwemoto.

Ungaxuba uma...

     Kwenzeke isimo ebesingasilindele. Isibonelo: emgwaqeni omude, ukukhanya kwamafutha kuvele kukhanye futhi ukugcwaliswa okuphuthumayo kuyadingeka. Kulokhu, kuzodingeka usebenzise leyo eza esandleni.

     Futhi, uwoyela ungaxuba lapho ushintshela kolunye uhlobo lokuthambisa. Lapho ushintsha uketshezi ku-motor kanye ne-sump, inani elithile lezinto ezindala lizohlala lihlala, futhi ukugcwalisa okusha ngeke kuholele emiphumeleni emibi.

Kungenzeka yini noma kungenzeka ukuxuba izinhlobo ezahlukene zamafutha?

     Lapho amafutha okwenziwa exutshwe namafutha angama-synthetic noma amaminerali, ukusabela kwamakhemikhali okungathandeki kungenzeka: uwoyela uzomane ugobe futhi ulahlekelwe izinzuzo zawo. Lokhu kuzothinta kabi ukusebenza nokuqina kwenjini, futhi kuzoholela ekuwohlokeni kwayo.

     Ukuhlolwa namafutha okuxuba ama-viscosity ahlukene kuvunyelwe kuphela uma imikhiqizo ihluka kancane ngezakhiwo. Ngisho nangaphakathi komugqa womkhiqizo owodwa, izingoma ziyahlukahluka kakhulu ngezici. Esimeni esiphuthumayo, ungakwazi ukwengeza impahla yomkhiqizo enjinini ebike yasebenzisa okokugcoba ngaphambilini. Kodwa akufanele uhlanganise ukwakheka kwebusika nehlobo, okuhluke kakhulu, isibonelo, i-20W-50.

     Ukuze ungayeki imoto yakho, lalela kakhulu izincomo zochwepheshe kunokuba amahemuhemu nokuqagela. Kukhona ukucwasa okuningi, futhi injini yemoto yakho ikhophi eyodwa, futhi kungcono ukuthi ungayilingi.