Isebenza kanjani i-othomathikhi

I-automatic transmission (AT) iwumshini oyinkimbinkimbi obeka izidingo eziphezulu ekusebenzeni, ukugcinwa nokulungisa. Isici esiyinhloko se-automatic gear shifting kanye nokuba khona kwezindlela zokushayela eziningana ezenza kube lula ukulawula umshini.

Ukugcinwa okungalungile kokudluliswa kwe-othomathikhi, ukushisa ngokweqile kokudlulisela, ukudonsa imoto nezinye izici kuholela ekugugeni kwama-friction discs futhi kunciphise impilo yedivayisi.

Yini okufanele uyibheke uma usebenzisa imoto enomshini ozishintshayo

Izimoto ezinomshini ozishintshayo zenzelwe ukushayela okusesilinganisweni nokunethezekile ngaphandle kokugcwala ngokweqile.

Ngesikhathi sokusebenza, izici ezilandelayo kufanele zicatshangelwe:

Idizayini yokudlulisa okuzenzakalelayo.

1. Imvamisa yesondlo. Ukudlulisa okuzenzakalelayo kudinga ukuhlolwa njalo nokushintshwa kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo. Uwoyela wegiya unconywa ukuthi ushintshwe njalo ngamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-35-60. Esimeni sokunakekelwa okungakafiki isikhathi, kungase kudingeke ukuthi kushintshwe ingxenye yamabhulokhi e-friction disc.
2. Izimo zokusebenza. Ukuthumela okuzenzakalelayo kwenza ukushayela kube lula emigwaqweni emikhulu nasemigwaqweni yedolobha. Odakeni noma eqhweni, amasondo okushayela omshini azoshelela, okuzoholela ngokushesha ekugcwalisweni kokudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo kanye nokwehluleka kwama-clutch.
3. Indlela yokushayela. Ukuthumela okuzenzakalelayo kudinga ukufudumala kwenjini nokuqapha emizuzwini yokuqala yohambo. Ukusheshisa okubukhali kanye nokubhuleka ngokushesha ngemva kokuqala kokunyakaza kuholela ekulambeni kawoyela kokudluliselwa kanye nokuguga kwamadiski okungqubuzana. Inzuzo iwukuba khona kwezinhlelo ezingadingekile: isibonelo, ibhuleki lesandla (lokupaka) lisebenza njengomshwalense owengeziwe lapho imodi "Yokupaka" ivuliwe.
4. Ukugibela nomthwalo owengeziwe. Abanikazi bezimoto ezinomshini ozishintshayo abanconywa ukuthi bashayele nge-trailer noma ukudonsa ezinye izimoto.

Ukusetshenziswa komthwalo owengeziwe ngaphandle kokupholisa okwanele ngamafutha e-ATF kuholela ekushisweni kwezingqimba zokungqubuzana.

Izindlela zokusebenza zokudlulisa okuzenzakalelayo

Uhlu olujwayelekile lwamamodi okudlulisa okuzenzakalelayo luhlanganisa:

1. Imodi yokushayela (D, Drive). Kubalulekile ukuqhubekela phambili. Ngaphakathi kwemikhawulo yokusebenza okuvumelekile, isivinini nenani lamagiya akunqunyelwe. Kunconywa ukuthi uhlale kule modi ngisho noma kungekho mthwalo emotweni isikhathi esifushane (isibonelo, lapho ubhuleka irobhothi elibomvu noma ushayela phansi igquma).
2. Ukupaka (P). Ithatha ukuvinjwa okuphelele kwamasondo okushayela kanye ne-transmission shaft. Ukusetshenziswa kokupaka kuyadingeka ezindaweni ezinde. Ukushintshela isikhethi kumodi engu-P kuvunyelwe kuphela ngemuva kokuthi umshini umile. Lapho ukupaka kucushiwe ngokumelene nesizinda sokunyakaza ngaphandle kwengcindezi kuma-pedals ("coasting"), i-blocker ingalimala. Uma udinga ukuma engxenyeni yomgwaqo onomqansa, hhayi indawo esezingeni, kufanele uqale usebenzise ibhuleki lesandla ngenkathi ubambe i-pedal ye-brake, bese ufaka imodi yokupaka.
3. Imodi emaphakathi (N). Ilungele isevisi yemoto. Isibonelo, le modi iyadingeka lapho udonsa imoto nge-othomathikhi yokudlulisela injini icishiwe futhi uhlola ukusebenza kokudluliselwa. Ezitobhini ezimfushane nokushayela emthambekeni, ukushintshela kumodi engu-N akudingekile. Kunconywa ukuqala injini kusukela endaweni engathathi hlangothi kuphela lapho udonsa. Uma umshini ukule modi emgwaqeni owehlelayo, kufanele ubambe ibhuleki noma ulibeke kubhuleki lesandla.
4. Imodi yokuhlehla (R, Reverse). Igiya lokuhlehla likuvumela ukuthi uye kolunye uhlangothi. Ukushintshela kumodi yokuhlehla kufanele kwenzeke ngemva kokuma. Ukuze uvimbele ukuginqika lapho ushayela wehle umqansi, cindezela ibhuleki ngaphambi kokuzibandakanya no-R.
5. Imodi ye-Downshift (D1, D2, D3 noma L, L2, L3 noma 1, 2, 3). Ukuvinjwa kwamagiya asetshenzisiwe kukuvumela ukuthi unciphise isivinini sokunyakaza. Isici semodi ukubhuleka kwenjini okusebenzayo uma kukhishwa i-accelerator namabhuleki. Amagiya aphansi asetshenziswa uma ushayela emigwaqweni eshelelayo neneqhwa, ushayela emigwaqweni yasezintabeni, ama-trailer okudonsa nezinye izimoto. Uma isivinini sokushayela ngesikhathi sokushintsha siphezulu kunesivunyelwe egiyeni elikhethiwe, khona-ke ukwehla kwehle akunakwenzeka.

Uma kwenzeka ukungasebenzi kahle, ukudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo kuya kumodi ephuthumayo. Lesi sakamuva sikhawulela isivinini sokushayela kanye nenani lamagiya asetshenziswayo.

 

Izindlela ezingeziwe

Ngaphezu kwalezi eziyinhloko, ukudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo kungase kube nezindlela ezengeziwe:

1. S, Sport - imodi yezemidlalo. Lo msebenzi uklanyelwe ukushayela okusebenzayo, okuguquguqukayo okudlula okuvamile nokushubile. Ukwenyuka kwenzeka ngokubambezeleka okuncane, okuvumela isivinini esiphezulu senjini ukuthi sifezwe. Ububi obukhulu bemodi ye-S emshinini ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli okuphezulu.
2. Ukukhahlela. I-Kickdown ihlanganisa ukwehla okubukhali kwegiya ngamayunithi angu-1-2 uma ucindezela i-pedal yegesi ngo-¾. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ukhuphule isivinini senjini ngokushesha futhi ukhuphule isivinini. Lo msebenzi uyadingeka lapho ushintsha imizila esiminyaminya, ukudlula, njll. Uma uvula i-kickdown ngokushesha ngemva kokuqala, ungalayisha kakhulu ibhokisi lika-gearbox. Ijubane elincane elinconywayo lokuqondisa ngu-20 km/h.
3. O/D, I-Overdrive. I-Overdrive iyi-overdrive eshintshashintshayo. Ikuvumela ukuthi usebenzise igiya lesi-4 noma lesi-5 ngaphandle kokukhiya isiguquli se-torque, esihlala sigcina isivinini esiphansi senjini. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa kahle kukaphethiloli ngesivinini esiphezulu, kodwa kuvimbela ukusheshisa okusheshayo. Umsebenzi we-Overdrive akufanele usetshenziswe lapho uhamba ngebhayisikili kuthrafikhi, ukudonsa, ezimeni ezinzima futhi ngesivinini esingaphezu kuka-110-130 km/h.
4. Isithwathwa, Ubusika (W) - imodi yasebusika. Uma Iqhwa noma umsebenzi ofanayo ucushiwe, isistimu yokulawula yemoto isabalalisa kabusha i-torque phakathi kwamasondo ngendlela yokunciphisa ubungozi bokushibilika. Imoto iqala ngokushesha egiyeni lesibili, okunciphisa amathuba okushelela nokushelela. Ukushintsha phakathi kwamagiya kuhle, ngesivinini esiphansi senjini. Uma usebenzisa imisebenzi "yasebusika" ngenkathi efudumele, kunengozi enkulu yokushisa kwe-torque converter.
5. E, imodi yokonga uphethiloli. Umnotho uphambene ngqo nomsebenzi weSport. Ukushintsha phakathi kwamagiya kwenzeka ngaphandle kokulibala, futhi injini ayijiki ifike esivinini esikhulu.

Ungawashintsha kanjani amagiya ku-automatic

Ukushintsha kwemodi kwenzeka ngemva kwezenzo ezihambisanayo zomshayeli - ukushintsha indawo yesikhethi, ukucindezela amaphedali, njll. Ukushintshwa kwegiya kwenzeka ngokuzenzakalelayo ngokuya ngomsebenzi wokushayela okhethiwe futhi kuye ngesivinini senjini.

Lungiselela ukuma kwesandla lapho ushintsha igiya.

Nokho, onobuhle eziningi izimoto nge automatic transmission nazo ifakwe manual shift indlela. Ingaqokwa njenge-Tiptronic, Easytronic, Steptronic, njll.

Uma lo msebenzi usuvuliwe, umshayeli angakhetha ngokuzimela igiya elifaneleka kakhulu esebenzisa izinkinobho "+" kanye "no" ku-lever noma ukugreda kudeshibhodi.

Lesi sici siwusizo ezimeni lapho ukusabela kanye nolwazi lomshayeli lusebenza kangcono kune-algorithms yokudlulisa okuzenzakalelayo: isibonelo, lapho uzama ukuqalisa imoto eshushuluzayo, ukushayela emthambekeni, ukushayela emgwaqeni ongemuhle, njll.

Imodi iyi-semi-automatic, ngakho-ke uma kufinyelelwa isivinini esikhulu, umshini ozishintshayo ungashintsha amagiya, naphezu kwezenzo zomshayeli.

Ukushayela imoto enomshini ozishintshayo

Ukuze ushayele ngokuphepha imoto nge-othomathikhi, kufanele uqondiswe yimigomo elandelayo:

• fudumeza imoto ngokudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo ebusika, futhi ngemuva kokuqala injini, ubambe i-pedal ye-brake bese ushintshana ngazo zonke izindlela ukusabalalisa uwoyela ku-othomathikhi;
• hambisa isikhethi endaweni oyifunayo ngokucindezelwa kwe-brake pedal;
• qala endaweni D, linda ukunyakaza kokungenzi lutho, bese ucindezela i-accelerator pedal;
• gwema ukusheshisa okungazelelwe kanye nokubhuleka ku-10-15 km wokuqala wendlela;
• ungadluliseli ukudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo ku-N, P no-R ekuhambeni, thatha ikhefu elifushane phakathi kokushayela umugqa oqondile (D) nokuhlehla (R);
• esiminyaminyeni sezimoto, ikakhulukazi ehlobo, shintsha usuka ku-D uye ku-N ukuze uvimbele ukushisisa ngokweqile kokudlulisela okuzenzakalelayo;
• uma imoto imile eqhweni, odakeni noma eqhweni, ungazami ukuyishayela wedwa, kodwa funa usizo kwabanye abashayeli ukuyikhipha ngokudonsa ngemodi engu-N;
• thatha kuphela uma kunesidingo esiphuthumayo, kodwa ama-trailer amancane noma izimoto ezinesisindo esincane;
• hlola njalo izinga likawoyela ekudluliselweni okuzenzakalelayo okufudumele ngokuhambisa i-lever ekungathathi hlangothi noma epaki.

Kungenzeka yini ukudonsa imoto emshinini

Ukudonsa imoto (V) enenjini egijimayo noma iphampu kawoyela eyengeziwe kuvunyelwe ngaphandle kwemikhawulo yesivinini kanye nobude besikhathi.

Uma injini icishiwe ngenxa yokuphazamiseka noma ngenxa yesinye isizathu, isivinini sokunyakaza akufanele sidlule ku-40 km / h (ezimoto ezinamagiya angu-3) no-50 km / h (ezimotweni ezinamagiya angu-4+).

Ibanga elikhulu lokudonsa lingama-30 km kanye nama-50 km ngokulandelana. Uma udinga ukunqoba ibanga elikhulu, kufanele usebenzise iloli lokudonsa noma umise imizuzu engama-40-50 njalo nge-30-40 km.

Kuvunyelwe ukuhudula imoto ene-automatic transmission kuphela endaweni eqinile. Ukuthutha kwenziwa ngemodi engathathi hlangothi, ukhiye wokuthungela kufanele ube sesimweni se-ACC.