Ungahlola kanjani inzwa ye-ABS ngokwakho
Okuqukethwe
Ukusebenza kahle kwesistimu yokubhuleka yemoto ngokuyinhloko kuncike emakhono omshayeli, kumakhono akhe ochwepheshe. Kodwa, kulokhu, izinhlelo ezihlukahlukene ezisizayo kanye nezingxenye ezikuvumela ukuthi udale zonke izimo ezidingekayo zokushayela okuphephile futhi zisebenza njengosizo olubalulekile.
Indima ekhethekile kuleli cala idlalwa umshini we-elekthronikhi ovimbela amasondo ukuthi avale - i-anti-lock braking system. Eqinisweni, uhla lwesenzo sohlelo olwethuliwe ludlula kude injongo yalo ehlosiwe, ebonakala kangcono ekulawuleni kwemoto ezindleleni ezihlukahlukene zokusebenza.
Enye yezingxenye ezibaluleke kakhulu zalolu hlelo inzwa ye-ABS. Ukusebenza kwayo yonke inqubo yokubhuleka kuncike ekusebenzeni kwayo okufanele. Masimazi kangcono.
Umgomo wokusebenza kwenzwa ye-ABS
Noma yiziphi izinyathelo zokuxilonga ngeke zisebenze uma umshayeli engenalwazi mayelana nemigomo yokusebenza kweyunithi noma ingxenye yesistimu efundwayo. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kwesiteji esihilela ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa ekusebenzeni kwalesi sisetshenziswa, okokuqala, kuyadingeka ukutadisha isimiso sokusebenza kwayo.
Iyini inzwa ye-ABS?
Ake siqale ngeqiniso lokuthi le divayisi elula ingatholakala ku-hubs ngayinye ye-4 yemoto. I-solenoid itholakala kukesi layo lepulasitiki elivaliwe.
Esinye isici esibalulekile senzwa yilokho okubizwa ngokuthi yi-impulse ring. Uhlangothi lwangaphakathi lwendandatho lwenziwa ngendlela yentambo enamazinyo. Ifakwe ngemuva kwe-brake disc futhi izungeza nesondo lemoto. Ekupheleni kwe-solenoid core kunenzwa.
Izici eziyinhloko zokusebenza kwalesi simiso zisekelwe ekufundeni isignali kagesi evela ku-throttle ngqo kumfundi weyunithi yokulawula. Ngakho-ke, lapho nje i-torque ethile idluliselwa esondweni, insimu kazibuthe iqala ukubonakala ngaphakathi kwe-electromagnetic, inani layo elikhuphuka ngokulingana nokwanda kwejubane lokujikeleza kwendandatho yomfutho.
Lapho nje ukujikeleza kwesondo kufinyelela inani elincane lokuguquguquka, isignali ye-pulse evela kunzwa ethuliwe iqala ukugeleza kudivayisi yeprosesa. Imvelo yomfutho wesignali ingenxa yegiya leringi yeringi yomfutho.
Ukusebenza okulandelayo kweyunithi ye-hydraulic ye-ABS kuncike ebuningini besiginali erekhodwe kudivayisi eyamukelayo. Izinto ezisebenzayo ze-hydraulic brake force distributor ama-solenoid, ipompo ye-hydraulic kanye nezinqubo zamavalvu.
Ngokuya ngokuqina kwesignali engena emzimbeni we-valve, izindlela zamavalvu ezilawulwa ama-solenoid ziyaqala ukusebenza. Uma kwenzeka ukukhiya isondo kwenzeka, iyunithi ye-hydraulic, ngokucabangela isignali ehambisanayo, inciphisa ukucindezela kulo mjikelezo we-brake.
Okwamanje, ipompo ye-hydraulic iqala ukusebenza, empompa uketshezi lwebhuleki lubuyele endaweni yokugcina ye-GTZ ngevalvu yokudlula evulekile. Ngokushesha nje lapho umshayeli enciphisa umzamo ku-pedal, i-valve ye-bypass iyavala, futhi iphampu, nayo, iyayeka ukusebenza.
Ngalesi sikhathi, i-valve eyinhloko iyavuleka futhi ingcindezi kule sekhethi yebhuleki ibuyela kokujwayelekile.
Ukuguqulwa okwethulwe kwe-peripheral element ye-ABS yikhona okuvame kakhulu futhi kusetshenziswe ezimotweni eziningi zasekhaya nezangaphandle.
Ngenxa yobulula obuhlobene balo mklamo, izakhi zesistimu zimelana kakhulu nokugqokwa komshini futhi zisebenza kahle.
Uma ingxenye ihluleka, khona-ke akubizi kangako ukufeza ukukhohlisa okuchazwe ngezansi. Kulula ukuthenga nokufaka esikhundleni senzwa entsha.
Izimpawu zedivayisi
Naphezu kokuthi idivayisi ethulwe, njengomthetho, yenzelwe ukusebenza okungaphazanyiswa ngesikhathi sokusebenza isikhathi eside, ukwehluleka okuhlukahlukene kanye nokungasebenzi kahle kungenzeka ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwabo.
Ukuqapha ngokubonakalayo ukusebenza kwesistimu, kusetshenziswa isibani esiphuthumayo ephaneli yensimbi yemoto. Nguye okhomba kuqala izinhlobo ezahlukene zokwephulwa kwesistimu okubangelwa izici eziningi.
Isizathu sokukhathazeka kulokhu kungase kube ukuthi isibani sokulawula asicimi isikhathi eside ngemva kokuba ukhiye uphendulelwe endaweni ye-short-circuit, noma asikho isaziso ngenkathi ushayela.
Izinkinga ezibangele lokhu kuziphatha kwenzwa zingahluka kakhulu.
Cabangela inombolo yezibonakaliso ezizosiza kamuva ukukhomba imbangela yokwehluleka kwe-node ethile yesistimu:
- ukukhanya kwe-ABS kuphaneli yensimbi kuvuliwe isikhathi eside noma akuphumi nhlobo;
- amandla amaningi lapho ucindezela i-pedal ye-brake;
- i-pedal yebhuleki iyama ukuphendula ekucindezelekeni kwayo;
- ukukhiya isondo lapho i-pedal yebhuleki icindezelwa kakhulu.
Amasistimu we-ABS wezinguqulo zangaphambili, njengomthetho, awazange afakwe inkomba ekhethekile yokusebenza kwesistimu. Kulokhu, indima yayo yenziwa isibani sokuhlola injini.
Ungaluxilonga kanjani uhlelo lwe-ABS
Izinyathelo zokuxilonga ezibandakanya ukuhlola uhlelo lwe-ABS zivame ukwenziwa kusetshenziswa imishini ekhethekile. Enye yazo yilokho okubizwa nge-adaptha yokuxilonga. Ukuze uyixhume, umenzi unikeza isixhumi esikhethekile sokuxilonga.
Ukuhlolwa kwesistimu kuqala lapho ukuvutha kuvuliwe. Ingqikithi yokuhlola okunjalo yukuthi ngosizo lwe-adaptha kungenzeka ukubona ukuthi kukhona iphutha lesistimu ethile. Iphutha ngalinye linikezwe ikhodi ethile evumela ukuthi ukwazi ukwahlulela ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-node ethile noma isici sohlelo.
Kodwa-ke, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ezimweni eziningi, ama-adaptha okuxilonga wengxenye yesabelomali awahloli lonke uhlelo, kodwa injini kuphela. Ngakho-ke, sincoma ukusebenzisa isithwebuli esinokuxilongwa okuphelele.
Isibonelo, singafaka imodeli eyenziwe yaseKorea Skena Ithuluzi Pro Black Edition. Nge-chip ye-32-bit ebhodini, lesi sithwebuli asikwazi ukuxilonga injini kuphela, kodwa nezinye izingxenye zemoto (ibhokisi lamagiya, ukudlulisa, amasistimu asizayo e-ABS, njll.) futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo sinenani elithengekayo.
Lesi sithwebuli esinezinhlobo eziningi siyahambisana nezimoto eziningi kusukela ngo-1993, sibonisa ukusebenza kwazo zonke izinzwa ezitholakala ngesikhathi sangempela, ikhodi ye-VIN yemoto, imayela layo, inguqulo ye-ECU, njll.
Idivayisi iyakwazi ukukala ukusebenza kwamasistimu ahlukahlukene ukuze izinze ezikhathini ezithile futhi ilondoloze idatha etholiwe kunoma iyiphi idivayisi ngokusekelwe ku-iOS, Android noma Windows.
Izinyathelo zokuxilonga nokuvimbela ezenza kube lula ukwahlulela ukusebenza kwezakhi zesistimu zenziwa ezikhungweni zesevisi ezikhethekile. Kodwa-ke, lo msebenzi ungasingathwa endaweni yegaraji.
Ngakho-ke, konke okudingekayo ukuxilonga inzwa ye-ABS yisethi encane yemishini, ehlanganisa: i-soldering iron, i-multimeter, i-heat shrink kanye nezixhumi zokulungisa.
I-algorithm yokuqinisekisa iqukethe izinyathelo ezilandelayo:
- i-wheel jacking;
- ukudiliza iyunithi yokulawula kanye nemiphumela yesilawuli;
- ukuxhumeka kwezixhumi zokulungisa kuzinzwa;
- ukukala ukumelana ne-multimeter
Uma inzwa ingahlulekile, i-ohmmeter izokhombisa ukumelana okungaba ngu-1 kOhm. Leli nani lihambisana nokusebenza kwenzwa ekuphumuleni. Njengoba isondo lijikeleza, ukufundwa kufanele kushintshe. Lokhu kuzokhombisa ukunemba kwayo. Uma lungekho ushintsho ekufundweni, inzwa ayisebenzi.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngenxa yokuguqulwa okuhlukahlukene kwezinzwa, imingcele yazo yokusebenza ingahluka. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokulahla inzwa, kufanele uqale uzijwayeze ngebanga layo lokusebenza bese ufinyelela iziphetho mayelana nokusebenza kwayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma kwenzeka ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-ABS, kubalulekile ukuqiniseka ukuthi akukho monakalo ezintambo ezingaphansi kwamanzi. Uma kutholakala ikhefu, izintambo kufanele "zithengiswe".
Ungakhohlwa futhi ukuthi izikhonkwane zokulungisa kufanele zixhunywe ngokuhambisana ne-polarity. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ezimweni eziningi ukuvikelwa kubangelwa uma uxhumano lungalungile, akufanele ukwenze lokhu. Ukuze kube lula umsebenzi, kungcono ukumaka kuqala izintambo ezihambisanayo nomaka noma i-tape kagesi.
Ukuhlolwa komhloli (i-multimeter)
Ukusebenza kwenzwa kungabuye kutholwe kusetshenziswa i-voltmeter. Lonke ukulandelana kwemisebenzi kukopisha ngokuphelele i-algorithm engenhla, ngomehluko owodwa owodwa. Ukuze uthole umphumela oyifunayo, kuyadingeka ukudala izimo lapho isondo lizokwenza izinguquko nge-frequency elingana no-1 rpm.
Emiphumeleni yenzwa yokusebenza, umehluko ongase ube khona uzoba ngu-0,3 - 1,2 V. Njengoba isivinini sesondo sikhula, i-voltage kufanele ikhule. Yileli qiniso elizobonisa isimo sokusebenza senzwa ye-ABS.
Ukuhlola ukusebenza kwenzwa ye-ABS akugcini kulokhu. Kukhona amaqhinga ambalwa asebenzayo azosiza ukuqeda ukungasebenzi kahle kohlelo lwe-ABS.
I-Oscilloscope
Phakathi kwezinye izinto, ungasebenzisa i-oscilloscope ukuxilonga ukuphazamiseka ekusebenzeni kwenzwa ye-ABS. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwedivayisi ethulwe kudinga amakhono athile. Uma ungumuntu othanda ukufunda emsakazweni, ngeke kube nzima kuwe ukuthi uphendukele ekuxilongweni okunjalo. Kodwa kumuntu ovamile, lokhu kungabangela ubunzima obuningi. Ake siqale ngeqiniso lokuthi le divayisi izokubiza hhayi ezishibhile.
Phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukusetshenziswa kwayo kuvunyelwe kakhulu ezimeni zesevisi ekhethekile. Noma kunjalo, uma ngesimangaliso lesi sisetshenziswa esingajwayelekile silele egaraji lakho, kuzoba usizo oluhle ezinyathelweni zokuxilonga ezahlukahlukene.
I-oscilloscope idala ukubonwa kwesiginali kagesi. I-amplitude nemvamisa yesiginali iboniswa esikrinini esikhethekile, esinikeza isithombe esicacile sokusebenza kwesici esithile sohlelo.
Kulokhu, isimiso sokuhlola impilo yenzwa ye-ABS izosekelwe ekuhlaziyeni okuqhathanisayo kwemiphumela etholiwe. Ngakho-ke, yonke inqubo esigabeni sokuqala ifana naleyo eyenziwe ngaphambili nge-multimeter, kuphela esikhundleni somhloli, i-oscilloscope kufanele ixhunywe emiphumeleni yezinzwa.
Inqubo yokuxilonga imi kanje:
- zungeza isondo elimisiwe nge-frequency engashintshi ye-2-3 rpm;
- lungisa inani le-oscillation amplitude kusibonisi se-oscilloscope.
Ngokushesha nje lapho kuthathwa ukufundwa kwenzwa eyodwa, kuyadingeka ukwenza zonke izenzo ezifanayo nenzwa efakwe ngakolunye uhlangothi lwe-axle efanayo.
Imiphumela etholiwe kufanele iqhathaniswe futhi kuthathwe iziphetho ezifanele:
- ngokufundwa okulinganayo, izinzwa zingabhekwa njengezisebenzisekayo;
- ukungabi khona kwesenzakalo esiphuthumayo lapho isignali encane ye-sinusoid isethiwe ibonisa ukusebenza kwenzwa;
- ukugcina i-amplitude ezinzile ngenani eliphakeme elingadluli ku-0,5 V ngesivinini esicacisiwe - inzwa isebenza ngokwethembeka.
Enye indlela enhle kudivayisi ebizayo ingaba isicelo esikhethekile ongayenza yonke imisebenzi yokuxilonga usebenzisa i-laptop evamile.
Ihlola inzwa ngaphandle kwezinsimbi
Ukuxilongwa kwenzwa ye-ABS kungenziwa ngaphandle kosizo lwamadivayisi ahlukahlukene okurekhoda. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga nje isikrufu noma screwdriver flat.
Ingqikithi yokuhlolwa iwukuthi, lapho into yensimbi ithinta umnyombo kazibuthe kagesi, kufanele ikhangwe kuyo. Kulokhu, ungakwazi ukwahlulela impilo inzwa. Uma kungenjalo, kunesizathu esizwakalayo sokukholelwa ukuthi inzwa ifile.
Ungawalungisa kanjani amaphutha atholakele
Uma izinyathelo zokuxilonga seziphumelele futhi inkinga itholakele, kuba nesidingo sokuqeda isici esingalungile sohlelo. Uma ithinta inzwa ye-ABS noma indandatho ye-impulse, asikho isidingo sokukhuluma ngokubuyisela ukusebenza kwayo.
Kulokhu, ngokuvamile badinga ukushintshwa. Okuhlukile kungase kube njalo lapho indawo yokusebenza yenzwa ingcolile ngesikhathi sokusebenza isikhathi eside. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kuyoba okwanele ukuyihlanza ama-oxides nezinhlayiya zokungcola. Njengama-ejenti okuhlanza, kuhle ukusebenzisa amanzi ajwayelekile anensipho. Ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali akukhuthazwa kakhulu.
Uma iyunithi yokulawula yayiyimbangela yokwehluleka, ukuvuselelwa kwayo kwezinye izimo kungabangela ubunzima obukhulu. Kodwa-ke, ingavulwa njalo futhi ihlole ngokubukeka izinga lenhlekelele. Ukudilizwa kwesembozo kufanele kwenziwe ngokucophelela, ukuze kugwenywe ukulimala kwezakhi zokusebenza.
Ngokuvamile kwenzeka ukuthi, ngenxa yokudlidliza, othintana nabo kwenye yamatheminali bavele balahlekelwa ukuqina kwabo. Ukuwadayisela kabusha ebhodini, awudingi ukuba nezipani eziyisikhombisa ebunzini lakho. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kwanele ukuthola i-pulse soldering iron enhle noma isiteshi se-soldering.
Uma u-soldering, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi i-insulator ye-ceramic ye-block izwela kakhulu ekushiseni. Ngakho-ke, kulokhu, ukunakekelwa kufanele kuthathwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi akunawo umphumela okhulayo wokushisa.
