Isebenza kanjani i-Electric Vehicle Engine?

Awasekho amasilinda, amaphistoni namagesi akhipha umoya: injini yemoto kagesi yakhiwe eduze kwesethi yezingxenye eziklanyelwe ukuguqula ugesi ube amandla emishini ngokudala inkambu kazibuthe.

IYINI IMOTO KAgesi?

Injini yemoto kagesi inikwa amandla yinqubo ephathekayo eyakhiwe ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19. Le nqubo ihlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwamanje ukuze udale inkambu kazibuthe engxenyeni emile yomshini ("stator"), okuthi, njengoba ihamba, isethe ingxenye ejikelezayo ("rotor") inyakaze. Sizochitha isikhathi esiningi kulezi zingxenye ezimbili kamuva kulesi sihloko.

ISIMISO SEMOTO KAgesi

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwenjini yokushisa nemoto kagesi? La magama amabili avame ukusetshenziswa ngokushintshana. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwabo kusukela ekuqaleni. Nakuba manje sezisetshenziswa cishe ngendlela efanayo, embonini yezimoto, igama elithi "imoto kagesi" libhekisela emshinini oguqula amandla abe ngomshini (ngakho-ke ukunyakaza), futhi injini yokushisa yenza umsebenzi ofanayo, kodwa ikakhulukazi isebenzisa amandla ashisayo. Uma sikhuluma ngokuguqula amandla ashisayo abe amandla emishini, sikhuluma ngokuvutha, hhayi ugesi.

Ngakho-ke, uhlobo lwamandla aguquliwe lunquma uhlobo lwemoto: ezishisayo noma zikagesi. Mayelana nezimoto zikagesi, njengoba amandla emishini enziwa ugesi, igama elithi "imoto kagesi" lisetshenziselwa ukuchaza uhlelo olushayela imoto kagesi. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi izifiso.

ISEBENZA KANJANI ITHUTHA KAgesi EMOTWENI KAgesi?

Manje njengoba sekutholakele ukuthi sikhuluma ngama-motor kagesi lapha hhayi ngama-motor kagesi ashisayo, ake sibheke ukuthi imoto kagesi isebenza kanjani emotweni kagesi.

Namuhla, izinjini zikagesi zisetshenziswa ezintweni eziningi zasendlini. Lawo afakwe amamotho aqondile (DC) anemisebenzi eyisisekelo. I-motor ixhunywe ngokuqondile kumthombo wamandla, ngakho-ke isivinini sayo sokujikeleza sincike ngokuqondile ku-amperage. Nakuba lezi zinjini zikagesi kulula ukuwenza, azihlangabezani namandla, ukwethembeka, noma izimfuneko zikasayizi wemoto kagesi. Kodwa-ke, angasetshenziswa ukulawula ama-wiper, amafasitela nezinye izinto ezincane ngaphakathi kwemoto.

I-STATOR NE-ROTOR

Ukuze uqonde ukuthi imoto kagesi isebenza kanjani, udinga ukujwayelana nezingxenye zomzimba zemoto yayo kagesi. Iqala ngokuqonda kahle ukuthi izingxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko zisebenza kanjani: i-stator ne-rotor. Indlela elula yokukhumbula umehluko phakathi kokubili ukuthi i-stator "static" futhi i-rotor "ijikeleza". Emotweni kagesi, i-stator isebenzisa amandla ukuze idale insimu yamagnetic, ephendulela i-rotor.

Pho, isithuthuthu sikagesi sisebenza kanjani emotweni kagesi? ? Lokhu kudinga ukusetshenziswa kwamamotho ashintshayo wamanje (AC), adinga ukusetshenziswa kwesekhethi yokuguqula ukuguqula i-direct current (DC) ehlinzekwa yibhethri. Ake sibheke izinhlobo ezimbili zamanje.

IMOTO KAgesi: ENYE NJENGAMANJE (AC) VERSUS DC (DC)

Okokuqala, ukuze uqonde ukuthi injini yemoto kagesi isebenza kanjani, kubalulekile ukwazi umehluko. phakathi kokushintshana kwamanje kanye namanje (ama-electric currents).

Zimbili izindlela zikagesi ezihamba ngekhondakta. I-alternating current (AC) isho amandla kagesi lapho ama-electron eshintsha khona izikhathi ngezikhathi. I-Direct current (DC), njengoba negama libonisa, igeleza ibheke ohlangothini olulodwa kuphela.

Emabhethri emoto, ugesi usebenza ngokuqhubekayo. Ngokuqondene nemoto eyinhloko yemoto kagesi (ehlinzeka nge-traction yemoto), lo mzila oqondile, nokho, kufanele uguqulelwe ku-alternating current usebenzisa i-inverter.

Kwenzekani ngemva kokuba la mandla efika enjini kagesi? Konke kuncike ohlotsheni lwenjini esetshenzisiwe: i-synchronous noma i-asynchronous.