Ungahlola kanjani ikhompyutha nge-multimeter

I-ECU engalungile ngokuvamile iyimbangela yezinkinga ezihlukahlukene ngokusebenza kahle kwemoto. Yize i-ECU engalungile ingabangela ukuthi imoto ingashisi, iphinde yehlise ukonga kukaphethiloli. Ngakho-ke, ufuna ukwazi uma kunenkinga ngeyunithi yokulawula injini yemoto yakho futhi uyilungise. 

Umbuzo uwukuthi, kanjani ukuhlola ECU nge multimeter?

Nakuba izinkinga ezihlukahlukene zingase zibonise i-ECU engasebenzi kahle, izinkinga ezinjalo zingase zibangelwa ezinye izimbangela. Ngakho-ke, ukubheja kwakho okuhle ukuxazulula inkinga ye-ECU yakho futhi unqume ukuthi inesibopho sezinkinga zemoto yakho.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi i-multimeter iyithuluzi elilula lokuhlola i-ECU. Nge-multimeter, ungakwazi ukuxazulula inkinga ye-ECU yakho futhi uthole ukuthi yiziphi izingxenye zayo ezinephutha. 

Iyini iyunithi yokulawula injini?

I-ECU imele "iyunithi yokulawula injini". I-ECU, eyaziwa nangokuthi imojula yokulawula injini, iqapha ukusebenza kwenjini yemoto. I-ECU iqoqa idatha kusuka kuzinzwa eziningi enjinini, ihumushe idatha, futhi iyisebenzise ngendlela efanele ukuze ithuthukise ukusebenza kwenjini.

Ezinye izenzo enjinini yemoto zincike ekusebenzeni kwe-ECU, futhi uma i-ECU inephutha, lokhu kubonakala kulezi zenzo. 

Imisebenzi eyinhloko elawulwa yi-ECU ihlanganisa:

• Ukulawula isikhathi sokubasa: I-ECU inikeza isikhathi esifanele se-valve eguquguqukayo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi i-ECU ithola lapho i-valve ivula. Isibonelo, i-valve ivula kakhulu ngesivinini esikhulu kunesiphansi. Umgomo omkhulu walesi sici ukuthuthukisa ukonga kukaphethiloli ngokukhuphula ukugeleza komoya kusilinda ukuze kwandiswe amandla.
• Lungisa ingxube yomoya/yephethiloli: Omunye umsebenzi obalulekile weyunithi yokulawula injini ukulinganisa isilinganiso se-air-fuel kusilinda. Ngenxa yokuthi ingxube efanele yomoya/yephethiloli iyadingeka ukuze injini isebenze kahle, i-ECU ithola idatha ezinzwa zomoya uma injini isebenzisa uphethiloli noma umoya omningi. Kulokhu, i-ECU yenza isilungiselelo esifanele.

Asebenza kanjani ama-ECU?

Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, i-ECU ilawula imisebenzi ehlukahlukene enjini yemoto. Isibonelo, i-ECU ilawula ingxube yomoya/yephethiloli enjinini yemoto. Njengoba okuhlukile okuhlukile kunesibopho salo msebenzi othile, i-ECU ixhuma kuzinzwa ezahlukene eziqoqa futhi zithumele amasignali kuyunithi. 

Ingxube efanele yomoya/yephethiloli yokusha enjinini yemoto incike ezintweni ezifana nezimfuneko zokushayela, izinga lokushisa lenjini, izinga lokushisa lomoya, kanye nekhwalithi kaphethiloli. 

Uma ushayela, lapho umshayeli ecindezela i-accelerator pedal, i-throttle valve iyavuleka ukuze umoya ungene enjinini. Ngenxa yokuthi idinga inani elifanele likaphethiloli, inzwa ye-Mass Air Flow (MAF) ikala ukugeleza komoya futhi ithumela idatha ku-ECU, ngemva kwalokho i-ECU ijova uphethiloli owanele. 

Iphuzu lapha ukuthi i-ECU iqoqa idatha kusuka kuzinzwa ezahlukene ukuze ilawule izinhlelo ezahlukene enjinini. 

Ungazi kanjani ukuthi i-ECU inephutha?

I-ECU ehlulekile ngokuvamile kulula ukuyibona. Ngezimpawu ezimbalwa zezinganekwane, ungathola lapho i-ECU yakho inephutha. Nazi ezinye zezimpawu ze-ECU eyonakele:

• Isibani senjini sihlala sivuliwe: Olunye lwezimpawu eziyinhloko zokuthi i-ECU yakho inephutha ukuthi ilambu lenjini yokuhlola lihlala likhanya futhi alicimi ngisho nangemva kokusetha kabusha kwefekthri. Nakuba lokhu kukhanya kungase kukhanye ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene, i-ECU embi iyisizathu esiyinhloko sokuthi ukukhanya kokuhlola kuhlala kuvuliwe. Ngakho-ke, ufuna ukuhlola ibhodi lakho futhi uthole umthombo wenkinga.
• Imoto ngeke ivumeA: Uma imoto yakho ingaqali, kungase kube ngenxa yokungasebenzi kahle kwe-ECU. Ezinye izizathu zokuthi kungani injini ingeke iqale zihlanganisa isiqalisi esinephutha, ibhethri, nezinto zikagesi. Ngakho-ke, uma imoto yakho ingeke iqale futhi zonke zisesimweni esihle, kunengqondo ukunaka iyunithi yokulawula injini.
• Ukusebenza okuphansi: I-ECU embi ingaholela ekusebenzeni kabi kwenjini. Isibonelo, uma uphethiloli wemoto yakho wehla, ungayisola eyunithi yokulawula injini enephutha. 

Iyini i-multimeter?

I-multimeter iyithuluzi likagesi elisetshenziselwa ukukala izingxenye ezihlukahlukene zikagesi ezifana ne-voltage. I-multimeter, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-volt-ohm-millimeter (VOM) noma imitha, iza ngezinhlobo ze-analog nedijithali.

Ngenkathi i-analog multimeter ibonisa ukufundwa ngesikhombisi esinyakazayo esikalini esilinganiselwe, i-multimeter yedijithali ifundeka ngezibonisi zezinombolo eziningi.

I-multimeter iyithuluzi elifanele lokuhlola amabhodi.

Uhlobo olukhethwayo lwe-multimeter yohlelo lokusebenza luncike ezimweni. Kodwa-ke, i-multimeter yedijithali ithuthuke kakhulu futhi ingabizi kakhulu kunozakwabo we-analog. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-multimeter iyithuluzi elihle lokuhlola ibhodi.

Ungahlola kanjani ikhompyutha nge-multimeter

Enye indlela elula yokuxazulula inkinga ye-ECU ukusebenzisa i-multimeter. Ngesiqondiso esifanele, ungakwazi ukubona kalula i-ECU embi nge-multimeter. 

Nazi izinyathelo ezilula okufanele uzilandele lapho usebenzisa i-multimeter ukuhlola i-ECU yakho:

1. Setha i-multimeter yakho

Isinyathelo sokuqala sokuhlola i-ECU nge-multimeter ukulungisa i-multimeter yokuhlolwa. Qala ngokumisa imitha ebangeni elingcono kakhulu elitholakalayo. 

Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba imitha yakho ingase ibanjwe ugesi phakathi nokuhlolwa, kuwukuhlakanipha ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuphepha. Ukufaka i-circuit breaker kuyindlela ephumelelayo yokuvikela i-multimeter ekushaqekeni kagesi. Yenza lokhu usebenzisa i-circuit breaker nenye yezintambo zamamitha. 

2. Yenza ukuhlola okubonakalayo kuqala

Ngokuvamile izinkinga nge-ECU zingabonakala ngokuhlola okubonakalayo. Ukuhlola okubonakalayo kusho ukuhlola izingxenye ze-ECU yakho bese uqinisekisa ukuthi ziqinile futhi zixhumekile. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ubone ngokushesha izingxenye ezinephutha noma ezinqanyuliwe noma amasekhethi ngaphandle kokusebenzisa i-multimeter. 

Futhi, qiniseka ukuthi i-ECU ixhunywe ezingxenyeni ezilungile zikagesi futhi inikwa amandla ibhethri, njengoba lokhu kungase kubangele inkinga nge-ECU yakho.

Uma ungakwazi ukukhomba ngeso lengqondo noma yiziphi izinkinga zengxenye, qhubeka nokuzixazulula ngemitha yakho.

3. Qala ngezingxenye ezilula

I-ECU yakho yenziwe izingxenye ezihlukahlukene namasekhethi. Lapho uhlola, kuwukuhlakanipha ukuqala ngezinto ezilula njenge-fuse ne-relay. Ngenxa yokuthi lezi zingxenye zifinyeleleka kakhulu ekuhlolweni kunamasekhethi ayinkimbinkimbi, ufuna ukuqala ngawo. 

Ngemva kokuhlola ingxenye ngayinye, dweba inkatho ye-amperage. 

Qhubeka nokuhlola ngokuxhuma umthofu ophozithivu wemitha kutheminali ephansi yebhethri futhi uthinte isikhashana umthofu onenegethivu kutheminali yesixhumi semojuli yamahanisi ehambisanayo. 

4. Hlola ukunikezwa kwamandla ezingxenyeni

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi izingxenye ezingaphansi kokuhlolwa kufanele zinikwe amandla yibhethri ukuze zithole ukufundwa. Ngakho-ke, qiniseka ukuthi ingxenye ngayinye ngaphansi kokuhlolwa ithola i-voltage efanele ebhethrini. Uma uthola i-voltage engalungile, lokhu kubonisa inkinga.

5. Vula ukhiye wokuthungela

Vula ukhiye ukuze uhlole ukuthi umshayeli unikeza amandla yini. Uma umshayeli enikeza amandla, hambisa intambo enegethivu yemitha kutheminali yebhethri ephozithivu. Yenza lokhu kafushane futhi ngokucophelela ukugwema ukushisa ingxenye noma isekethe.

6. Bhala phansi okufundiwe

Ukufunda kwakho kwe-multimeter kukunikeza umbono wesimo sengxenye. Inkomba yengxenye yokusebenza kufanele ibe phakathi kuka-1 no-1.2 amps. Noma yiliphi inani elikhulu kunaleli nani libonisa ukuthi ingxenye noma isekethe engaphansi kokuhlolwa inephutha.

Imibuzo evamise ukubuzwa mayelana ne-ECU

Ungahlola kanjani izingxenye ze-ECU?

Nquma ukuthi yimaphi amaphinikhodi kusixhumi se-ECU ahambisana nengxenye. Setha i-multimeter kusilungiselelo se-ohm (imodi yokumelana) bese uxhuma izintambo. Qinisekisa ukuthi ukufundwa kungaphakathi kwebanga elilindelekile.

Ikuphi ukwehluleka okuvame kakhulu kwe-ECM?

Ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-ECM okuvame kakhulu ukuntuleka kokuvumelanisa phakathi kwezingxenye ezahlukahlukene. Lokhu kungaholela ezinkingeni ezimbalwa, okuhlanganisa ukungahambisani kwedatha, ukuphahlazeka kwezinqubo, nokusebenza kabi.

Ungahlola kanjani i-voltage kukhompyutha?

Setha i-multimeter ku-voltage engashintshi. Xhuma intambo emnyama emhlabathini bese uthinta intambo ebomvu ocingweni ofuna ukuyihlola. Uma ingaphansi kwama-volts angu-12, ibhodi ingase ingasebenzi kahle.

Kwenzekani uma i-ECU ihluleka?

Uma i-ECU ihluleka, injini ngeke iqale. Ibhodi lilawula ama-injection kaphethiloli enjini, futhi uma ihluleka, ama-injection ngeke afafaze uphethiloli kumasilinda futhi injini ngeke iqale.

Ukunqamula ibhethri kusetha kabusha i-ECU?

Kuya ekwenziweni okuqondile kanye nemodeli yemoto. Kwezinye izimo, ukunqamula ibhethri kungase kusethe kabusha ibhodi. I-ECU ivamise ukusethwa kabusha ezimotweni ezindala, hhayi ezintsha.