Indlela yokuhlola i-Mass Air Flow Sensor (MAF) yenjini: Izindlela ezi-5 ezifakazelwe
Okuqukethwe
I-DMRV, inzwa yokugeleza komoya omkhulu, amanye amagama i-MAF (Ukugeleza Komoya Okukhulu) noma i-MAF empeleni iyimitha yokugeleza komoya ohlelweni lokulawula umjovo kaphethiloli we-elekthronikhi. Iphesenti le-oxygen emkhathini lizinzile impela, ngakho-ke ukwazi isisindo somoya ongena endaweni oyithathayo kanye nesilinganiso sethiyori phakathi kwe-oxygen nophethiloli ekuphenduleni komlilo (ukwakheka kwe-stoichiometric), unganquma inani likaphethiloli olidingayo njengamanje ukuthumela umyalo ofanele kuma-injection kaphethiloli.
Inzwa ayibalulekile ekusebenzeni kwenjini, ngakho-ke, uma ihluleka, kungenzeka ukuthi ushintshele ohlelweni lokulawula i-bypass futhi uqhubeke nomsebenzi ngokuwohloka kwazo zonke izici zezimoto zohambo oluya endaweni yokulungisa.
Kungani udinga inzwa yokugeleza komoya (MAF) emotweni
Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ze-ecology nomnotho, uhlelo lokulawula injini ye-elekthronikhi (ECM) kufanele lwazi ukuthi ungakanani umoya odonswa kumasilinda ngamaphiston omjikelezo wamanje wokusebenza. Lokhu kunquma inani lesikhathi lapho umbhobho womjovo kaphethiloli uzovuleka khona kusilinda ngasinye.
Njengoba umfutho wehla kuwo wonke umjovo kanye nokusebenza kwawo kwaziwa, lesi sikhathi sihlobene ngokukhethekile nesisindo sikaphethiloli onikeziwe ukuze kushiswe emjikelezweni owodwa wokusebenza kwenjini.
Ngokungaqondile, inani lomoya lingabuye libalwe ngokwazi isivinini sokujikeleza kwe-crankshaft, ukufuduka kwenjini kanye nezinga lokuvulwa kwe-throttle. Le datha ifakwe ikhodi eqinile ohlelweni lokulawula noma ihlinzekwa yizinzwa ezifanele, ngakho-ke injini iyaqhubeka nokusebenza ezimweni eziningi lapho inzwa yokugeleza komoya obuningi ihluleka.
Kodwa ukunquma isisindo somoya ngomjikelezo ngamunye kuzoba nembe kakhulu uma usebenzisa inzwa ekhethekile. Umehluko ekusebenzeni ubonakala ngokushesha uma ususa isixhumi sikagesi kuso. Zonke izimpawu zokwehluleka kwe-MAF kanye nokushiyeka kokusebenza ohlelweni lokudlula kuzovela.
Izinhlobo nezici ze-DMRV
Kunezindlela eziningi zokulinganisa ukugeleza komoya okukhulu, ezintathu zazo zisetshenziswa emotweni enamazinga ahlukahlukene okuthandwa.
IVolumetric
Amamitha okugeleza alula kakhulu akhiwe esimisweni sokufaka i-blade yokulinganisa engxenyeni yesiphambano somoya odlulayo, lapho ukugeleza kwacindezela khona. Ngaphansi kwesenzo salo, i-blade yayizungeza i-axis yayo, lapho i-potentiometer kagesi ifakwe khona.
Kwasala kuphela ukususa isiginali kuyo futhi iyithumele ku-ECM ukuze yenziwe idijithali futhi isetshenziswe ekubaleni. Idivayisi ilula njengoba ingalungile ukuyithuthukisa, njengoba kunzima ukuthola isici esamukelekayo sokuncika kwesignali ekugelezeni okukhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwethembeka kuphansi ngenxa yokuba khona kwezingxenye ezihamba ngomshini.
Okunzima ukukuqonda kancane imitha yokugeleza esekelwe kumgomo we-Karman vortex. Umphumela wokuvela kwezivunguvungu zomoya ojikelezayo phakathi nokudlula kwayo esikhumbeni esingaphelele se-aerodynamically isetshenziswa.
Ukuvama kwalokhu kubonakaliswa kwesiyaluyalu kuncike cishe ngokuhambisana nesivinini sokugeleza, uma usayizi nokuma kwesithiyo kukhethwe kahle kububanzi obufunekayo. Futhi isignali ikhishwa inzwa yokucindezela komoya efakwe endaweni ye-turbulence.
Njengamanje, izinzwa ze-volumetric cishe azikaze zisetshenziswe, zinikeza indlela yemishini ye-anemometric yocingo olushisayo.
Intambo
Ukusebenza komshini onjalo kusekelwe esimisweni sokupholisa ikhoyili yeplatinamu eshisisa umsinga ongaguquki lapho ifakwa emoyeni.
Uma lokhu kwamanje kwaziwa, futhi kusethwa yidivayisi ngokwayo ngokunemba okuphezulu nokuzinza, khona-ke i-voltage ku-spiral izoncika ngokulingana okuhle kokumelana kwayo, okuzonqunywa izinga lokushisa le-conductive eshisayo. umucu.
Kodwa ipholiswe ukugeleza okuzayo, ngakho-ke singasho ukuthi isignali ngendlela ye-voltage ilingana nesisindo somoya odlulayo ngesikhathi seyunithi, okungukuthi, ipharamitha edinga ukulinganiswa.
Yiqiniso, iphutha eliyinhloko lizokwethulwa ukushisa komoya wokungena, lapho ukuminyana kwawo kanye nekhono lokudlulisa ukushisa kuncike khona. Ngakho-ke, i-resistor yokunxeshezelwa okushisayo ifakwe kumjikelezo, okuyinto ngendlela eyodwa noma enye evela kwabaningi abaziwayo ku-electronics icabangela ukulungiswa kokushisa kokugeleza.
I-Wire MAF inokunemba okuphezulu nokuthembeka okwamukelekayo, ngakho-ke asetshenziswa kabanzi ezimotweni ezikhiqizwayo. Nakuba ngokwezindleko nobunzima, le nzwa ingeyesibili kuphela ku-ECM ngokwayo.
Ifilimu
Efilimini ye-MAF, umehluko ovela ku-MAF yocingo usekuklanyweni kuphela, ngokwethiyori kuseyiyo i-anemometer yocingo olushisayo olufanayo. Izakhi zokushisa kuphela kanye nokumelana nesinxephezelo sokushisa kwenziwa ngendlela yamafilimu ku-chip ye-semiconductor.
Umphumela waba inzwa edidiyelwe, ehlangene futhi enokwethenjelwa, nakuba kunzima kakhulu mayelana nobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza. Yilokhu kuyinkimbinkimbi okungakuvumeli ukunemba okuphezulu okufanayo okunikezwa ucingo lweplatinamu.
Kodwa ukunemba ngokweqile kwe-DMRV akudingekile, uhlelo lusasebenza nempendulo mayelana nokuqukethwe kwe-oksijini kumagesi okukhipha umoya, ukulungiswa okudingekayo kokunikezwa kukaphethiloli we-cyclic kuzokwenziwa.
Kodwa ekukhiqizeni ngobuningi, inzwa yefilimu izobiza kancane, futhi ngomgomo wayo wokwakha, inokwethenjelwa okukhulu. Ngakho-ke, kancane kancane bashintsha izintambo, nakuba empeleni zombili zilahlekelwa izinzwa zokucindezela okuphelele, ezingasetshenziswa esikhundleni se-DMRV ngokushintsha indlela yokubala.
Izimpawu zokungasebenzi kahle
Umthelela wokungasebenzi kahle ekusebenzeni kwe-DMRV enjinini uncike kakhulu emotweni ethile. Ezinye azikwazi ngisho nokuqala uma inzwa yokugeleza ihluleka, nakuba iningi livele lehlise ukusebenza kwalo futhi likhuphule isivinini sokungenzi lutho lapho lisuka endaweni engaphansi kwe-bypass futhi ukukhanya kwe-Check Engine kuvuliwe.
Ngokuvamile, ukwakheka kwengxube kuyaphazamiseka. I-ECM, ikhohliswe ukufundwa kokugeleza komoya okungalungile, ikhiqiza inani elingenele likaphethiloli, okwenza injini ishintshe kakhulu:
- ukuncipha noma ukunothiswa kwengxube kuholela ekucwilisweni kwesiphithiphithi ekugxilweni kwenjini;
- isivinini sokungenzi lutho sigxuma size sibekwe ezingeni eliphakeme eliphindwe kabili noma kathathu ngemva kokuthi i-MAF ikhishiwe ekucatshangelweni yisilawuli;
- ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kanye namandla emoto ayawohloka;
- isibani sokulawula sikhanyisiwe futhi kuba nokwenzeka ukufunda ikhodi yephutha.
Ukuxilongwa kokuqala kwe-MAF kungenziwa kusetshenziswa isithwebuli esikwazi ukucacisa amaphutha kumemori ye-ECM.
Amakhodi ephutha e-DMRV
Ngokuvamile, isilawuli sikhipha ikhodi yephutha P0100. Lokhu kusho ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-MAF, ukwenza lokho okukhiphayo kwe-ECM kubangela ukuthi amasiginali asuka kunzwa adlulele ngalé kobubanzi obunokwenzeka isikhathi esithile.
Kulokhu, ikhodi yephutha evamile ingacaciswa abengeziwe:
- I-P0101 - izinga lesignali elinephutha ngokucacile, ngaphandle kobubanzi;
- I-P0102 - izinga eliphansi kumjikelezo wesignali;
- I-P0103 - izinga eliphezulu kumjikelezo wesignali;
- I-P0104 - isignali engazinzile enamaphutha.
Akwenzeki ngaso sonke isikhathi ukucacisa ngokucacile ukungasebenzi kahle ngamakhodi, ngokuvamile le datha yesithwebuli isebenza kuphela njengolwazi lokubonisa.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaphutha awavamile ukuvela ngesikhathi esisodwa, isibonelo, ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-DMRV kungaholela ekushintsheni ekubunjweni kwengxube ngamakhodi into efana ne-P0174 nokunye okunjalo. Ukuxilongwa okwengeziwe kwenziwa ngokuya ngokufundwa kwezinzwa ezithile.
Ihlolwa kanjani inzwa yokugeleza komoya
Umshini uyinkimbinkimbi futhi uyabiza, okuzodinga ukunakekelwa lapho wenqaba. Kungcono ukusebenzisa izindlela zezinsimbi, nakuba izimo zingase zehluke.
Indlela 1 - ukuhlolwa kwangaphandle
Indawo ye-MAF endleleni yokugeleza komoya osekuvele ngemuva kwesihlungi kufanele ivikele izakhi zenzwa emonakalweni wemishini ngokundiza izinhlayiya eziqinile noma ukungcola.
Kodwa isihlungi asiphelele, singaphulwa noma sifakwe ngamaphutha, ngakho-ke isimo senzwa singaqale sihlolwe ngokubuka.
Indawo yayo ebucayi kufanele ingabi namonakalo owenziwe ngomshini noma ukungcola okubonakalayo. Ezimweni ezinjalo, idivayisi ngeke isakwazi ukunikeza ukufundwa okulungile futhi ukungenelela kuzodingeka ukuze kulungiswe.
Indlela 2 - cisha amandla
Ezimweni ezingaqondakali, lapho i-ECM ingakwazi ukwenqaba ngokungananazi inzwa ngokushintsha imodi yokudlula, isenzo esinjalo singenziwa ngokuzimela ngokuvala injini nokukhipha isixhumi sikagesi ku-DMRV.
Uma ukusebenza kwenjini kuzinza kakhulu, futhi zonke izinguquko zayo zihlala zijwayelekile kuphela kwe-software bypass yenzwa, isibonelo, ukwanda kwejubane elingenzi lutho, khona-ke izinsolo zingabhekwa njengeziqinisekisiwe.
Indlela 3 - hlola nge-multimeter
Zonke izimoto zihlukile, ngakho-ke ayikho indlela eyodwa yokuhlola i-MAF nge-multimeter voltmeter, kodwa usebenzisa izinzwa ezivame kakhulu ze-VAZ njengesibonelo, ungabonisa ukuthi lokhu kwenziwa kanjani.
I-voltmeter kufanele ibe nokunemba okufanele, okungukuthi, ibe yidijithali futhi ibe namadijithi okungenani angu-4. Kumelwe ixhunywe phakathi kwensimbi "umhlabathi", okusixhumi se-DMRV kanye nocingo lwesignali kusetshenziswa ama-probe yenaliti.
I-voltage yenzwa entsha ngemuva kokuvuthwa komlilo ayifinyeleli ku-1 Volt, ku-DMRV esebenzayo (izinhlelo ze-Bosch, i-Siemens itholakala, kunezinye izinkomba nezindlela) icishe ibe kububanzi obufika ku-1,04 volts futhi kufanele ikhule kakhulu lapho ivunguza, okungukuthi, ukuqala kanye nesethi yamajika.
Ngokweqile, kungenzeka ukubiza izakhi zenzwa nge-ohmmeter, kodwa lokhu kakade kuwumsebenzi wochwepheshe abazi kahle ingxenye yezinto ezibonakalayo.
Indlela 4 - ukuhlola nge-scanner Vasya Diagnostic
Uma zingekho izimfuneko zokubonisa ikhodi yephutha okwamanje, kodwa izinsolo mayelana nenzwa sezakhekile, ungakwazi ukubuka ukufundwa kwayo ngokusebenzisa isithwebuli sokuxilonga esisekelwe kukhompyutha, isibonelo, i-VCDS, ebizwa ngokuthi i-Vasya Diagnostic in adaptation yesiRashiya.
Amashaneli ahlobene nokugeleza komoya kwamanje (211, 212, 213) aboniswa esikrinini. Ngokudlulisela injini kumamodi ahlukene, ungabona ukuthi ukufundwa kwe-MAF kuhambelana kanjani nalokhu okunqunyiwe.
Kwenzeka ukuthi ukuphambuka kwenzeka kuphela ngokugeleza komoya okuthile, futhi iphutha alinaso isikhathi sokuvela ngendlela yekhodi. Isithwebuli sizokuvumela ukuthi ucabangele lokhu ngemininingwane eminingi.
Indlela yesi-5 - ukufaka esikhundleni esisebenzayo
I-DMRV ibhekisela kulezo zinzwa, ukushintshwa kwazo okungekho nzima, kuhlale kubonakala. Ngakho-ke, ngokuvamile kulula kakhulu ukusebenzisa inzwa yokushintsha, futhi uma ukusebenza kwenjini kubuyela kokujwayelekile ngokwezinkomba zenhloso noma idatha yesithwebuli, okusele nje ukuthenga inzwa entsha.
Imvamisa, ongoti bokuxilonga banendawo esikhundleni sawo wonke amadivaysi anjalo. Udinga nje ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi umshini oshintshwayo ufana ncamashi nalokhu okufanele ube ngawo kule njini ngokuya ngokucaciswa, ukubukeka okukodwa akwanele, udinga ukuhlola izinombolo zekhathalogi.
Indlela yokuhlanza inzwa
Kaningi, inkinga kuphela ngenzwa ukungcola okuvela empilweni ende. Kulokhu, ukuhlanza kuzosiza.
Isici esibucayi esibucayi ngeke sibekezelele noma yimuphi umthelela wokusebenza futhi ngeke sibonise lutho oluhle kusilawuli. Ukungcola kufanele kuvele kugezwe.
Ukukhetha okokuhlanza
Ungazama ukuthola uketshezi olukhethekile, lukhona kumakhathalogi abanye abakhiqizi, kodwa indlela elula nephumelelayo ukusebenzisa isicoci se-carburetor esivame kakhulu emathinini e-aerosol.
Ngokugeza isici esibucayi senzwa ngeshubhu enikeziwe, ungabona ukuthi ukungcola kunyamalala kanjani phambi kwamehlo akho, ngokuvamile imikhiqizo enjalo inamandla kakhulu ekungcoleni kwezimoto. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izophatha ama-elekthronikhi amahle wokulinganisa ngokucophelela, ngaphandle kokubangela ukupholisa okungazelelwe, njengotshwala.
Indlela yokwelula impilo ye-MAF
Ukuthembeka nokuqina kwenzwa yokugeleza komoya kuncike ngokuphelele esimweni salo moya.
Okusho ukuthi, kuyadingeka ukuqapha futhi uguqule njalo isihlungi somoya, ugweme ukuvala kwayo okuphelele, ukumanzisa emvuleni, kanye nokufakwa ngamaphutha lapho izikhala zihlala phakathi kwendlu kanye nesici sokuhlunga.
Akwamukelekile futhi ukusebenzisa injini engasebenzi kahle evumela ukukhishwa okuhlehlayo kumgudu ongenayo. Lokhu kuphinde kucekele phansi i-MAF.
Uma kungenjalo, inzwa inokwethenjelwa futhi ayifaki izinkinga, nakuba ukuqapha kwayo ngezikhathi ezithile kusithwebuli kuzoba isilinganiso esihle sokugcina ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli okuvamile.
