Ungayisebenzisa kanjani i-multimeter?

Ugesi nezinto zikagesi ziyisayensi eyakhelwe esilinganisweni esinembile sawo wonke amapharamitha wesekethe, ukusesha ubudlelwano phakathi kwakho nezinga lokuthonya enye nenye. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ukwazi ukusebenzisa izinsimbi zokulinganisa zomhlaba wonke - ama-multimeters. Bahlanganisa amadivaysi akhethekile alula: i-ammeter, i-voltmeter, i-ohmmeter nabanye. Ngamagama afushanisiwe, ngezinye izikhathi abizwa ngokuthi ama-avometer, nakuba igama elithi "umhloli" livame kakhulu entshonalanga. Ake sithole ukuthi ungasebenzisa kanjani i-multimeter futhi iyini?

Okuqukethwe

• 1 Inhloso nemisebenzi
• 2 Idivayisi ye-Multimeter
• 3 Ukulinganisa imingcele kagesi
  • 3.1 Ukuzimisela kwamandla wamanje
  • 3.2 Isilinganiso samandla kagesi
  • 3.3 Ungakala kanjani ukumelana ne-multimeter
• 4 Ukuhlola izakhi zamasekhethi kagesi
  • 4.1 Ukuqonda ama-Diode nama-LED
  • 4.2 Ihlola i-bipolar transistor
  • 4.3 Uyihlola kanjani i-transistor yomphumela wenkundla ngomhloli
  • 4.4 Ungayihlola kanjani i-capacitor nge-multimeter
• 5 Ukuqhubeka kwentambo
• 6 Indlela yokusebenzisa i-multimeter emotweni

Inhloso nemisebenzi

I-multimeter iklanyelwe ukukala imingcele emithathu eyinhloko yesekethe kagesi: i-voltage, yamanje kanye nokumelana. Kule sethi eyisisekelo yemisebenzi, izindlela zokuhlola ubuqotho bomqhubi kanye nempilo yamadivayisi we-semiconductor ngokuvamile ayangezwa. Amadivayisi ayinkimbinkimbi futhi abizayo akwazi ukunquma amandla ama-capacitor, inductance yamakhoyili, imvamisa yesiginali, ngisho nokushisa kwengxenye ye-elekthronikhi ngaphansi kocwaningo. Ngokusho komgomo wokusebenza, ama-multimeters ahlukaniswe ngamaqembu amabili:

1. I-Analog - uhlobo oluphelelwe yisikhathi olusekelwe ku-ammeter ye-magnetoelectric, engezwe ngama-resistors nama-shunts okulinganisa i-voltage nokumelana. Abahloli be-analogi bashibhile uma kuqhathaniswa, kodwa bavame ukunganembi kakhulu ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kokufaka okuphansi. Okunye okungalungile kwesistimu ye-analogi kufaka phakathi ukuzwela kwe-polarity kanye nesilinganiso esingenamugqa.
   

   Ukubuka okuvamile kwedivayisi ye-analog

2. Idijithali - amadivayisi anembe kakhulu futhi esimanjemanje. Kumamodeli wasendlini wengxenye yamanani aphakathi, iphutha elivumelekile alidluli u-1%, kumamodeli ochwepheshe - ukuphambuka okungenzeka kungaphakathi kwe-0,1%. "Inhliziyo" ye-multimeter yedijithali iyunithi ye-elekthronikhi enama-logic chips, ikhawunta yesiginali, idekhoda kanye nomshayeli wokubonisa. Ulwazi luboniswa esikrinini esiguquguqukayo sekristalu ewuketshezi.

Iphutha labahloli bedijithali basekhaya alidluli u-1%

Ngokuya ngenjongo kanye nokucaciswa kokusetshenziswa, ama-multimeters angenziwa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene zefomu futhi asebenzise imithombo yamanje ehlukene. Okusabalele kakhulu yilezi:

1. Ama-multimeters aphathekayo anama-probe athandwa kakhulu ekuphileni kwansuku zonke nasemisebenzini yobungcweti. Zihlanganisa iyunithi eyinhloko efakwe amabhethri noma i-accumulator, lapho ama-conductor-probes aguquguqukayo axhunywe khona. Ukulinganisa inkomba ethile kagesi, ama-probe axhunywe engxenyeni ye-elekthronikhi noma ingxenye yesifunda, futhi umphumela ufundwa kusukela ekubonisweni kwedivayisi.
   

   Ama-multimeters aphathwayo asetshenziswa empilweni yansuku zonke nasembonini: i-electronics, i-automation kanye nangesikhathi sokuthunywa

2. Amamitha okubamba - kudivayisi enjalo, amaphedi okuxhumana ama-probes ahlanganiswe emihlathini elayishwe entwasahlobo. Umsebenzisi uyawahlukanisa ngokucindezela ukhiye okhethekile, bese ehlwitha endaweni yawo engxenyeni yeketango elidinga ukulinganiswa. Imvamisa, amamitha okubamba avumela ukuxhumeka kwama-probe aguquguqukayo akudala.
   

   Amamitha okubamba akuvumela ukuthi ulinganise amandla kagesi ngaphandle kokuphula isekethe

3. Ama-multimeters amile anikwa amandla umthombo wamanje oshintshanayo wasendlini, ahlukaniswa ngokunemba okuphezulu nokusebenza okubanzi, angasebenza ngezingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi ze-radio-electronic. Inkambu eyinhloko yohlelo lokusebenza izilinganiso ekuthuthukisweni, ukwenza i-prototyping, ukukhanda kanye nokugcinwa kwemishini kagesi.
   

   Ama-multimeters amile noma ebhentshi avame ukusetshenziswa kumalabhorethri kagesi

4. I-Oscilloscopes-multimeters noma ama-scopmeters - hlanganisa izinsimbi ezimbili zokulinganisa ngesikhathi esisodwa. Kungaba kokubili ephathekayo futhi umile. Intengo yemishini enjalo iphezulu kakhulu, okubenza babe ithuluzi lobunjiniyela obuchwepheshile.
   

   Ama-Scopmeters ayimishini esebenza kahle kakhulu futhi yakhelwe ukuxazulula izinkinga kumadrayivu ezimoto zikagesi, izintambo zikagesi nama-transformer.

Njengoba ubona, imisebenzi ye-multimeter ingahluka phakathi kwebanga elibanzi futhi incike ohlotsheni, uhlobo lwefomu, nesigaba senani ledivayisi. Ngakho-ke, i-multimeter yokusetshenziswa kwasekhaya kufanele inikeze:

• Ukunquma ubuqotho bomqhubi;
• Sesha "zero" kanye "nesigaba" kunethiwekhi kagesi yasendlini;
• Ukulinganiswa kwamandla kagesi ashintshayo kunethiwekhi kagesi yasendlini;
• Ukukalwa kwamandla kagesi wemithombo ye-DC enamandla aphansi (amabhethri, iziqoqelalwazi);
• Ukunqunywa kwezinkomba eziyisisekelo zempilo yemishini kagesi - amandla amanje, ukumelana.

Ukusetshenziswa kwasekhaya kwe-multimeter ngokuvamile kwehla ezintanjeni zokuhlola, ukuhlola impilo yezibani ze-incandescent, nokunquma amandla kagesi asele kumabhethri.

Ekuphileni kwansuku zonke, ama-multimeters asetshenziselwa ukuhlola izintambo, ukuhlola amabhethri namasekhethi kagesi.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izidingo zamamodeli ochwepheshe ziqinile kakhulu. Zinqunywa ngokwehlukana ecaleni ngalinye. Phakathi kwezici eziyinhloko zabahloli abathuthukile, kufanelekile ukuqaphela:

• Amathuba okuhlolwa okuphelele kwama-diode, ama-transistors namanye amadivaysi e-semiconductor;
• Ukunqunywa kwe-capacitance kanye nokumelana kwangaphakathi kwama-capacitors;
• Ukunqunywa komthamo wamabhethri;
• Ukulinganisa izici ezithile - inductance, imvamisa yesignali, izinga lokushisa;
• Ikhono lokusebenza nge-voltage ephezulu kanye namanje;
• Ukunemba okuphezulu kokulinganisa;
• Ukuthembeka nokuqina kwedivayisi.

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi i-multimeter iyithuluzi likagesi eliyinkimbinkimbi, okufanele liphathwe ngendlela efanele futhi ngokucophelela.

Idivayisi ye-Multimeter

Ama-multimeters amaningi esimanje afakwe imiyalelo enemininingwane echaza ukulandelana kwezenzo zokusebenza nedivayisi. Uma unayo idokhumenti enjalo - ungayizibi, jwayelana nawo wonke ama-nuances wemodeli yedivayisi. Sizokhuluma ngezici eziyinhloko zokusebenzisa noma iyiphi i-multimeter.

Iswishi evamile ihlanganisa: ukumelana, izilinganiso zamanje kanye ne-voltage, nokuhlolwa kokuqhubeka

Ukuze ukhethe imodi yokusebenza, kusetshenziswa iswishi, ngokuvamile ehlanganiswe neswishi ("Valiwe"). Ngezinto zikagesi zasendlini, ikuvumela ukuthi usethe imikhawulo yokulinganisa ephezulu elandelayo:

• I-DC voltage: 0,2V; 2 V; 20 V; 200 V; 1000 V;
• I-AC voltage: 0,2V; 2 V; 20 V; 200 V; 750 V;
• DC yamanje: 200 uA; 2 mA; 20 mA; 200 mA; 2 A (uyazikhethela); 10 A (isikhundla esihlukile);
• I-alternating current (le modi ayitholakali kuwo wonke ama-multimeters): 200 μA; 2 mA; 20 mA; 200 mA;
• Ukumelana: 20 ohm; 200 ohm; 2 kOhm; 20 kOhm; 200 kOhm; 2 MΩ; 20 noma 200 MΩ (uma uthanda).

Ilungiselelo elihlukile lisebenza ukuhlola ukusebenza kwama-diode nokunquma ubuqotho bomqhubi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isokhethi yokuhlola i-transistor itholakala eceleni kwe-hard switch.

Isakhiwo sokushintsha esijwayelekile se-multimeter yesabelomali 

Ukusebenzisa idivayisi kuqala ngokusetha ukushintshela endaweni oyifunayo. Khona-ke ama-probe axhunyiwe. Kunezindawo ezimbili ezivamile zokuloba: eziqondile nezivundlile.

Isixhumi esimakwe ngesithonjana somhlabathi kanye nombhalo othi COM unegethivu noma unesisekelo - ucingo olumnyama luxhunywe kuso; isixhumi, esikhethwe njenge-VΩmA, siklanyelwe ukukala ukumelana, i-voltage, kanye nesimanje, esingadluli ku-500 mA; isixhumi esinelebuli engu-10 A siklanyelwe ukukala okwamanje kububanzi obusuka ku-500 mA kuye kunani elishiwo.

Ngohlelo oluqondile, njengakumfanekiso ongenhla, ama-probe axhunywe kanje:

• Kusixhumi esiphezulu - i-probe "enhle" kumodi yokulinganisa amandla aphezulu wamanje (kufika ku-10 A);
• Phakathi kwesixhumi - i-probe "enhle" kuzo zonke ezinye izindlela;
• Kusixhumi esingezansi - i-probe "negative".

Kulesi simo, amandla amanje lapho usebenzisa isokhethi yesibili akufanele adlule i-200 mA

Uma izixhumi zibekwe ngokuvundlile, landela ngokucophelela izimpawu eziphrintwe ku-multimeter case. Kudivayisi eboniswe esithombeni, ama-probe axhunywe kanje:

• Kusixhumi kwesokunxele - uphenyo "oluhle" kumodi yokulinganisa yamanje ephezulu (kufika ku-10 A);
• Kusixhumi sesibili ngakwesobunxele - i-probe "enhle" kumodi yokulinganisa ejwayelekile (kufika ku-1 A);
• Isixhumi sesithathu ngakwesobunxele siyi-probe “positive” kuzo zonke ezinye izindlela;
• Kusixhumi ngakwesokudla kude kukhona uphenyo "olungalungile".

Into eyinhloko lapha ukufunda ukuthi ungazifunda kanjani izimpawu futhi uzilandele. Khumbula ukuthi uma i-polarity ingabonwa noma imodi yokulinganisa ikhethiwe ngokungalungile, awukwazi ukuthola umphumela ongalungile kuphela, kodwa futhi ulimaza i-electronics yomhloli.

Ukulinganisa imingcele kagesi

Kukhona i-algorithm ehlukile yohlobo ngalunye lwesilinganiso. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ungasebenzisa kanjani umhloli, okungukuthi, ukuqonda ukuthi isiphi isikhundla sokusetha inkinobho, yiziphi izisekelo zokuxhuma ama-probes, ukuthi ungayivula kanjani idivayisi kumjikelezo kagesi.

Umdwebo wokuxhumeka komhloli wokulinganisa okwamanje, i-voltage nokumelana

Ukuzimisela kwamandla wamanje

Inani alikwazi ukulinganiswa emthonjeni, njengoba liwuphawu lwesigaba sesekhethi noma umthengi othile kagesi. Ngakho-ke, i-multimeter ixhunywe ochungechungeni kumjikelezo. Uma sikhuluma nje, idivayisi yokulinganisa ingena esikhundleni sekhondatha kusistimu evaliwe yomthombo womthengi.

Lapho ukala okwamanje, i-multimeter kufanele ixhunywe ochungechungeni kumjikelezo

Kusukela emthethweni we-Ohm, sikhumbula ukuthi amandla amanje angatholakala ngokuhlukanisa i-voltage yomthombo ngokumelana nomthengi. Ngakho-ke, uma ngesizathu esithile awukwazi ukukala ipharamitha eyodwa, khona-ke ingabalwa kalula ngokwazi ezinye ezimbili.

Isilinganiso samandla kagesi

I-voltage ikalwa kumthombo wamanje noma kumthengi. Esimweni sokuqala, kwanele ukuxhuma i-probe enhle ye-multimeter ku-"plus" yokunikezwa kwamandla ("isigaba"), kanye ne-negative probe ku-"minus" ("zero"). I-multimeter izothatha indima yomthengi futhi ibonise i-voltage yangempela.

Ukuze singaphambanisi i-polarity, sixhuma i-probe emnyama kujeke we-COM kanye namaminithi omthombo, kanye nophenyo olubomvu kusixhumi se-VΩmA kanye nokuhlanganisa.

Esimweni sesibili, isifunda asivulwa, futhi idivayisi ixhunywe kumthengi ngokuhambisana. Kuma-multimeters e-analog, kubalulekile ukugcina i-polarity, idijithali uma kwenzeka iphutha izomane ibonise i-voltage engalungile (isibonelo, -1,5 V). Futhi-ke, ungakhohlwa ukuthi i-voltage ingumkhiqizo wokumelana nowamanje.

Ungakala kanjani ukumelana ne-multimeter

Ukumelana kwe-conductor, usinki noma ingxenye ye-electronic kukalwa ngokucisha kwamandla. Uma kungenjalo, kunobungozi obukhulu bokulimala kudivayisi, futhi umphumela wokulinganisa uzobe ungalungile.

Uma inani lokumelana okulinganiselwe laziwa, khona-ke umkhawulo wokulinganisa ukhethwa mkhulu kunevelu, kodwa usondelene kakhulu nawo

Ukuze unqume inani lepharamitha, mane uxhume ama-probe koxhumana nabo abaphambene besici - i-polarity ayinandaba. Naka ububanzi beyunithi yokulinganisa - ohms, kiloohms, megaohms asetshenziswa. Uma usetha iswishi ku-"2 MΩ" bese uzama ukukala i-resistor engu-10-ohm, "0" izoboniswa esikalini samamitha amaningi. Sikukhumbuza ukuthi ukumelana kungatholakala ngokuhlukanisa i-voltage nge-current.

Ukuhlola izakhi zamasekhethi kagesi

Noma iyiphi idivayisi ye-elekthronikhi eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu noma encane iqukethe isethi yezingxenye, ezivame ukubekwa ebhodini lesifunda eliphrintiwe. Ukuwohloka okuningi kubangelwa ukwehluleka kwalezi zingxenye, isibonelo, ukubhujiswa okushisayo kwama-resistors, "ukuphuka" kwama-semiconductor junctions, ukomiswa kwe-electrolyte kuma-capacitors. Kulesi simo, ukulungiswa kuncishisiwe ekutholeni iphutha nokushintsha ingxenye. Yilapho i-multimeter ifika kahle.

Ukuqonda ama-Diode nama-LED

Ama-Diode nama-LED angenye yezinto ezilula zomsakazo ezisuselwe ekuhlanganeni kwe-semiconductor. Umehluko owakhayo phakathi kwabo kungenxa yokuthi i-crystal semiconductor ye-LED iyakwazi ukukhipha ukukhanya. Umzimba we-LED uyabonakala noma uyashintshashintsha, wenziwe ngenhlanganisela engenambala noma enemibala. Ama-diode ajwayelekile avalelwe ngamakesi ensimbi, epulasitiki noma engilazi, ngokuvamile apendwe ngopende opaque.

Amadivayisi we-semiconductor afaka ama-varicaps, ama-diode, ama-zener diode, ama-thyristors, ama-transistors, ama-thermistors nezinzwa zeHholo.

Isici sesici sanoma iyiphi i-diode yikhono lokudlula okwamanje endaweni eyodwa kuphela. I-electrode eqondile yengxenye ibizwa ngokuthi i-anode, i-negative ibizwa ngokuthi i-cathode. Ukunquma i-polarity ye-LED ihola kulula - umlenze we-anode mude, futhi ngaphakathi mkhulu kune-cathode. I-polarity ye-diode evamile kuzodingeka iseshwe kuwebhu. Emidwebeni yesifunda, i-anode iboniswa ngunxantathu, i-cathode nge-strip.

Isithombe se-diode kumdwebo wesifunda

Ukuze uhlole i-diode noma i-LED nge-multimeter, kwanele ukusetha ukushintshela kumodi "yokukhala", xhuma i-anode yesici ku-probe enhle yedivayisi, kanye ne-cathode ibe yimbi. I-current izogeleza ku-diode, ezoboniswa ekubonisweni kwe-multimeter. Khona-ke kufanele ushintshe i-polarity futhi uqiniseke ukuthi i-current ayigelezi ngokuphambene, okungukuthi, i-diode "ayiphukile".

Ihlola i-bipolar transistor

I-bipolar transistor ivame ukumelwa njengama-diode amabili axhunyiwe. Inemiphumela emithathu: emitter (E), umqoqi (K) kanye nesisekelo (B). Ngokuya ngohlobo lokuqhuba phakathi kwabo, kukhona ama-transistors anesakhiwo "pnp" ne "npn". Yiqiniso, udinga ukuwahlola ngezindlela ezahlukene.

Isithombe se-emitter, isisekelo kanye nezifunda zabaqoqi kuma-bipolar transistors

Ukulandelana kokuhlola i-transistor enesakhiwo se-npn:

1. I-probe enhle ye-multimeter ixhunywe kwisisekelo se-transistor, ukushintshwa kusethelwe kumodi "yokukhala".
2. I-negative probe ithinta i-emitter kanye nomqoqi ochungechungeni - kuzo zombili izimo, idivayisi kufanele ibone ukudlula kwamandla.
3. I-probe ephozithivu ixhunywe kumqoqi, kanye ne-negative probe kumthumeli. Uma i-transistor inhle, ukuboniswa kwe-multimeter kuzohlala kukodwa, uma kungenjalo, inombolo izoshintsha futhi / noma i-beep izokhala.

Ama-Transistors anesakhiwo se-pnp ahlolwa ngendlela efanayo:

1. I-probe engalungile ye-multimeter ixhunywe kusisekelo se-transistor, ukushintshwa kusethelwe kumodi "yokukhala".
2. I-probe enhle ithinta i-emitter kanye nomqoqi ochungechungeni - kuzo zombili izimo, idivayisi kufanele irekhode ukudlula kwamanje.
3. Uphenyo olunegethivu luxhunywe kumqoqi, kanye nophenyo oluhle ku-emitter. Lawula ukungabi khona kwamandla kule sekhethi.

Umsebenzi uzoba lula kakhulu uma i-multimeter ine-probe yama-transistors. Yiqiniso, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ama-transistors anamandla awakwazi ukuhlolwa ku-probe - iziphetho zabo ngeke zingene ezisekelweni.

Ukuhlola ama-bipolar transistors kuma-multimeters, i-probe ivame ukunikezwa

I-probe ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezimbili, ngayinye esebenza ngama-transistors wesakhiwo esithile. Faka i-transistor engxenyeni oyifunayo, ubheka i-polarity (isisekelo - esokhethi "B", emitter - "E", umqoqi - "C"). Setha iswishi endaweni ethi hFE - zuza isilinganiso. Uma isibonisi sihlala sikunye, i-transistor inephutha. Uma isibalo sishintsha, ingxenye ijwayelekile, futhi inzuzo yayo ihambisana nenani elishiwo.

Uyihlola kanjani i-transistor yomphumela wenkundla ngomhloli

I-Field-effect transistors iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kune-bipolar transistors, ngoba kuzo isignali ilawulwa insimu kagesi. Ama-transistors anjalo ahlukaniswe abe ngu-n-channel kanye ne-p-channel, futhi iziphetho zawo zithole amagama alandelayo:

• Ijele (Z) – amasango (G);
• IMpumalanga (I) – umthombo (S);
• Khipha (C) - khipha (D).

Ngeke ukwazi ukusebenzisa i-probe eyakhelwe ku-multimeter ukuhlola i-transistor ye-field-effect transistor. Kuzodingeka sisebenzise indlela eyinkimbinkimbi.

Isibonelo sokuhlola abathintwayo be-transistor ye-field-effect ngomhloli

Ake siqale nge-n-channel transistor. Okokuqala, basusa ugesi omile kuwo ngokushintshana ngokuthinta amatheminali nge-resistor esekelwe phansi. Ngemuva kwalokho i-multimeter isethelwe kumodi "yokukhala" futhi ukulandelana kwezenzo okulandelayo kwenziwa:

1. Xhuma i-probe ephozithivu emthonjeni, i-negative probe emseleni. Kuma-transistors amaningi asebenza ensimini, i-voltage kulokhu kuhlangana ingu-0,5-0,7 V.
2. Xhuma i-probe ephozithivu esangweni, i-negative probe ku-drain. Umuntu kufanele ahlale esibukweni.
3. Phinda izinyathelo eziboniswe esigabeni 1. Kumele ulungise ushintsho ku-voltage (kungenzeka kokubili ukwehla nokwanda).
4. Xhuma i-probe ephozithivu emthonjeni, i-negative probe esangweni. Umuntu kufanele ahlale esibukweni.
5. Phinda izinyathelo esigabeni 1. I-voltage kufanele ibuyele enanini layo langempela (0,5-0,7 V).

Noma yikuphi ukuchezuka kumanani ajwayelekile kubonisa ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-transistor yomphumela wenkundla. Izingxenye ezinoshintsho lwe-p-channel zihlolwa ngokulandelana okufanayo, zishintsha i-polarity iye kokuphambene esinyathelweni ngasinye.

Ungayihlola kanjani i-capacitor nge-multimeter

Okokuqala, kufanele unqume ukuthi iyiphi i-capacitor ozoyihlola - i-polar noma engeyona i-polar. Wonke ama-electrolytic kanye namanye ama-solid-state capacitor ayi-polar, futhi angeyona i-polar, njengomthetho, ifilimu noma i-ceramic, ane-capacitance ephindwe kaningi (i-nano- ne-picofarads).

I-capacitor iyisisetshenziswa esinamatheminali amabili anenani elingaguquki noma eliguquguqukayo le-capacitance kanye ne-conductivity ephansi, futhi isetshenziselwa ukuqongelela ukushaja inkambu kagesi.

Uma i-capacitor isivele isetshenzisiwe (isibonelo, ithengiswa kusuka kudivayisi ye-elekthronikhi), kufanele ikhishwe. Ungaxhumi othintana nabo ngokuqondile ngocingo noma i-screwdriver - lokhu kuzoholela ekuphukeni kwengxenye, futhi okubi kakhulu - ukushaqeka kukagesi. Sebenzisa isibani se-incandescent noma i-resistor enamandla.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-Capacitor kungahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezimbili - ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwangempela kanye nesilinganiso somthamo. Noma iyiphi i-multimeter izobhekana nomsebenzi wokuqala, amamodeli wasendlini kuphela ochwepheshe kanye "athuthukisiwe" azobhekana nowesibili.

Uma likhulu inani le-capacitor, inani lesibonisi liyashintsha.

Ukuze uhlole impilo yengxenye, setha ukushintshwa kwe-multimeter kumodi "yokukhala" bese uxhuma ama-probe koxhumana nabo be-capacitor (ukubuka i-polarity uma kunesidingo). Uzobona inombolo esibukweni, ezoqala ukukhula ngokushesha - lena ibhethri ye-multimeter eshaja i-capacitor.

Ukuhlola i-capacitance ye-capacitor, i-probe ekhethekile isetshenziswa.

Akunzima futhi ukukala i-capacitance nge-multimeter "ethuthukisiwe". Hlola ngokucophelela ikesi le-capacitor futhi uthole ukuqokwa kwe-capacitance kuma-micro-, nano-, noma ama-picofarad. Uma esikhundleni samayunithi womthamo kusetshenziswa ikhodi enamadijithi amathathu (isibonelo, 222, 103, 154), sebenzisa ithebula elikhethekile ukuyichaza. Ngemuva kokunquma i-capacitance yegama, setha ukushintshwa endaweni efanele bese ufaka i-capacitor ku-slots ku-multimeter case. Hlola ukuthi umthamo wangempela ufana nomthamo ovamile.

Ukuqhubeka kwentambo

Naphezu kwayo yonke imisebenzi eminingi yama-multimeters, ukusetshenziswa kwabo okuyinhloko kwasendlini ukuqhubeka kwezintambo, okungukuthi, ukuzimisela kobuqotho babo. Kungase kubonakale sengathi kungase kube lula - ngixhume iziphetho ezimbili zekhebula ngama-probes kumodi ye-"tweeter", futhi yilokho. Kodwa le ndlela izobonisa kuphela ukuba khona kokuxhumana, kodwa hhayi isimo somqhubi. Uma kukhona ukukhala ngaphakathi, okuholela ekuqhumeni nasekushiseni ngaphansi komthwalo, khona-ke isici se-piezo se-multimeter sisazokwenza umsindo. Kungcono ukusebenzisa i-ohmmeter eyakhelwe ngaphakathi.

Isignali ezwakalayo, ngenye indlela ebizwa ngokuthi "i-buzzer", isheshisa kakhulu inqubo yokudayela

Setha iswishi ye-multimeter endaweni "ye-ohm units" bese uxhuma ama-probe emaphethelweni ahlukile womqhubi. Ukumelana okuvamile kocingo oluboshwe ngamamitha amaningana ubude yi-2-5 ohms. Ukwenyuka kokumelana nama-ohm angu-10-20 kuzobonisa ukuguga kwengxenye yomqhubi, futhi amanani angu-20-100 ohms abonisa ukuphuka okukhulu kwezintambo.

Ngezinye izikhathi lapho uhlola ucingo olubekwe odongeni, ukusebenzisa i-multimeter kunzima. Ezimweni ezinjalo, kuhle ukusebenzisa abahloli abangathintwa, kodwa intengo yalezi zisetshenziswa iphezulu kakhulu.

Indlela yokusebenzisa i-multimeter emotweni

Imishini kagesi ingenye yezingxenye ezisengozini kakhulu yemoto, ebucayi kakhulu ezimweni zokusebenza, ukuxilonga okufika ngesikhathi kanye nokugcinwa. Ngakho-ke, i-multimeter kufanele ibe yingxenye ebalulekile yekhithi yamathuluzi - izosiza ukukhomba ukungasebenzi kahle, ukucacisa izimbangela zokuvela kwayo kanye nezindlela zokulungisa okungenzeka.

I-multimeter iyithuluzi elibalulekile ekuxilongeni isistimu kagesi yemoto

Kubashayeli abanolwazi, kukhiqizwa ama-multimeters ezimoto ezikhethekile, kodwa ezimweni eziningi imodeli yasendlini izokwanela. Phakathi kwemisebenzi esemqoka okufanele ayixazulule:

• Ukuqapha i-voltage ebhethri, ebaluleke kakhulu ngemva kokusebenza isikhathi eside kwemoto noma uma kwenzeka ukusebenza okungalungile kwe-generator;
• Ukunqunywa kokuvuza kwamanje, cinga amasekhethi amafushane;
• Ukuhlola ubuqotho be-windings yekhoyili yokuthungela, i-starter, i-generator;
• Ukuhlola ibhuloho le-diode ye-generator, izingxenye zesistimu yokuthungela ngogesi;
• Ukuqapha impilo yezinzwa kanye nama-probes;
• Ukunquma ubuqotho bamafuse;
• Ihlola amalambu e-incandescent, shintsha amaswishi nezinkinobho.

Inkinga abashayeli abaningi bezimoto ababhekana nayo ukukhishwa kwebhethri ye-multimeter ngesikhathi esingafaneleki kakhulu. Ukuze ugweme lokhu, vele uvale idivayisi ngokushesha ngemva kokuyisebenzisa futhi uphathe ibhethri eliyisipele nawe.

I-multimeter iyithuluzi elilula nelisebenza ngezindlela eziningi, elibalulekile ekuphileni kwansuku zonke nasemisebenzini yabantu yobungcweti. Ngisho nezinga eliyisisekelo lolwazi namakhono, lingenza kube lula ukuxilonga nokulungiswa kwezinto zikagesi. Ezandleni ezinekhono, umhloli uzosiza ukuxazulula imisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu - kusukela ekulawuleni imvamisa yesignali kuya ekuhlolweni kwesifunda okuhlanganisiwe.

Izingxoxo zivaliwe kuleli khasi