Asetshenziswa kanjani kabusha amabhethri emoto kagesi?
Okuqukethwe
Izimoto zikagesi (EVs) zikhula ngokuduma ngenxa yobungane bazo bemvelo kanye nokufinyeleleka kwazo. Nakuba uhla lwazo lwezindleko ezigcwele luzama kancane kancane ukubamba izimoto ezisebenza ngophethiloli, izindleko zokuba nayo ziye zashibhile njengoba isidingo sikhula futhi ohulumeni bezifundazwe nohulumeni kazwelonke baklomelisa abangabanikazi ngekhefu lentela. Nakuba zishayelwa ihlombe ngokusimama kwazo, ukukhathazeka kusasele mayelana nomthelela wesikhathi eside kwezemvelo ngenxa yezinsiza ezidingekayo ukuze kuthuthukiswe izimoto ezisebenza ngogesi, ikakhulukazi amabhethri. Ngenhlanhla, lawa mabhethri, njengamabhethri emoto endabuko, ayasebenziseka kabusha.
Iningi lamabhethri emoto kagesi amanje enziwe ngamabhethri e-lithium-ion ahlala kuphela iminyaka eyisikhombisa kuya kweyi-XNUMX, futhi nangaphansi ezimotweni ezinkulu. Uma ibhethri idinga ukushintshwa ngaphandle kwewaranti yemoto, lokhu kungaba enye yezindleko eziphezulu zokunakekela umnikazi we-EV okufanele azikhokhe. Amabhethri e-lithium-ion enziwa ngezinsimbi zomhlaba ezingavamile. Izindleko zokukhiqiza nezokuthutha zingaba phezulu.
Izimoto zikagesi zokuqala emgwaqeni zazifakwe amabhethri aneasidi yomthofu. Amaphesenti angama-96 wezinto ezikubhethri zingagaywa kabusha ngemva kokusetshenziswa. Amamodeli akamuva afakwe amabhethri e-lithium-ion angasindi anwetshiwe. Amabhethri e-lithium-ion, aseguge kakhulu ukushayela, asenezindleko ezingamaphesenti angama-70 kuye kwangama-80. Nangaphambi kokuba athunyelwe ukuze agaywe kabusha, lawa mabhethri e-EV avame ukusetshenziswa njengemithombo yamandla engeziwe ukuze kugcinwe ugesi uhamba ngokulinganayo. Basiza amapulazi elanga nawomoya, kanye nezinye izindawo kugridi kagesi yase-United States. Kwenye indawo, amabhethri e-EV amadala asetshenziselwa ukunika amandla izibani zasemgwaqweni, ukwenza ikhophi yasenqolobaneni yamakheshi, nanjengendawo yokugcina amandla yasekhaya.
Asetshenziswa kanjani kabusha amabhethri e-lithium-ion?
Amabhethri e-lithium-ion athunyelwa endaweni yokugaywa kabusha esikhundleni noma ngemva kokusetshenziswa njengomthombo owengeziwe kagesi adlula kwenye yalezi zinqubo ezimbili ezilandelayo zokugaywa kabusha ukuze ziphinde zisetshenziswe:
Ukugaya. Uma ibhethri lingashajwa ngokuphelele, liyacwecwa ukuze ithusi, insimbi nezinye izingxenye zensimbi zihlungwe. Lezi zingxenye zensimbi ziphinde zicutshungulwe, zincibilike futhi zihlungwe ukuze zisetshenziswe esikhathini esizayo kweminye imikhiqizo.
Ukubanda. Amabhethri aneshaji elisele aqandiswe ku-nitrogen ewuketshezi bese ephulwa abe izingcezu ezincane kakhulu. I-nitrogen ewuketshezi yenza ukubhidliza kuphephe - azikho izingxenye zebhethri ezisabelayo ekushaqekeni. Izingxenye ezisele zensimbi zibe sezihlukaniswa ukuze ziphinde zisetshenziswe.
Asetshenziswa kuphi amabhethri emoto kagesi?
Kuthatha isikhathi ukukhiqiza amabhethri ezimoto zikagesi. Izindleko zokukhiqiza zinomthelela omkhulu ezindlekweni zemoto ngokwayo, nakuba iyancipha njengoba ubuchwepheshe buthuthuka futhi izidingo zabathengi ziba ngcono. Izinkampani eziningi zihlinzeka ngewaranti yokushintsha ibhethri, futhi ibhethri lakho elidala le-lithium-ion lingasetshenziswa kabusha uma liyiswa esikhungweni sokugaywa kabusha esifanele.
Inani lezikhungo zokugaywa kabusha ezihlomele ukugaywa kabusha amabhethri emoto kagesi liyakhula njengoba amabhethri engeziwe ezimotweni ezigugayo zikagesi ziguga. E-US, izinkampani ezi-3 eziphawulekayo ezisebenzela ukuvuselela ngempumelelo amabhethri e-lithium-ion zihlanganisa:
I-Redwood Materials: ihlola ubungane bemvelo bezinto zokwakha futhi isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuphambili bokugaywa kabusha.
I-Retriev Technologies: Ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-20 yesipiliyoni sokugaywa kabusha kwamaphawundi ayizigidi ezingama-25 wamabhethri e-lithium.
I-OnTo Technology: Ikhiqiza okokusebenza kwe-electrode yekhwalithi ephezulu ukuze kusetshenziswe kangcono ibhethri nezimboni zemvelo kanye nokunciphisa izindleko zokulahlwa kwebhethri.
Abanikazi bezimoto zikagesi bangaqiniseka ukuthi amabhethri anegama lemoto yabo angasetshenziswa kabusha futhi avame ukuhlehliswa ukuze asetshenziswe ngendlela eyonga ugesi. Banikela ekunikeni amandla ekhaya, ngokwezinjongo zezentengiselwano kanye nohlelo lwamandla lulonke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izingxenye zabo kanye nezingxenye zabo kamuva zingahlakazwa futhi zisetshenziswe kabusha emikhiqizweni yensimbi yesikhathi esizayo.
